The document presents guidelines for designing energy-efficient architectures in warm humid climates, recommending strategies such as optimal building orientation, incorporating thermal insulation, and utilizing materials that promote airflow. It emphasizes the importance of cross ventilation, strategic placement of windows, and the use of shading devices and landscaping for cooling benefits. Various advanced techniques, including double-glazed windows and earth air tunnels, are suggested to enhance energy efficiency and reduce solar heat gain.

1. ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCH.
CAMPUS DESIGN CONSIDERING WARM HUMID CLIMATE
PRESENTATION BY-
SAMAN ALMAS - 3PD17AT047
SHAIMA CHOUDHARY - 3PD17AT053
UMME AAISHA AMAAN - 3PD17AT068

2. SITE PLAN – ENGINEERING CAMPUS

3. General recommendations for building design in warm & humid climate:
SITE
Landform :
• For flat sites, for design consideration for the
landform is immaterial.
• In case of slopes and depressions, the building
should be located on windward side or crest
to take advantage of cool breeze.
Open spaces & build form :
• Buildings should be spread out with large
open spaces in between for unrestricted air
movement.
• In cities, buildings on stilts can promote
ventilation and cause cooling at ground level.
BUILDING SPACING SUCH THAT AIR FLOW IS PROMOTED
Street width & orientation :
• A north-south direction is ideal from the point
of view of blocking solar radiation.
• The width of street should be such that the
intense solar radiation during late morning
and early afternoon is avoid during the
summers.

4. ORIENTATION & PLATFORM
Orient the buildings with the long axes in the east-
west direction so that the longest walls face north
and south, and only the short wall face east and
west.
Design to minimize solar heat gain: West- and east-
facing glass can have nearly five times the solar heat
gain of north-facing glass, and more than triple that
of south-facing glass.
Although the amount of radiant heat at west and
east exposures is the same, west is most important
to protect, because it occurs during the hottest time
of the day.
Design to minimize west and east glass and wall
surface, and shade it. Try to place most of the home’s
glass area within 20 degrees of due south or north. ORIENTATION WITH LONGER FACADES ON N-S

5. ELONGATED PLANS FOR MAXIMUM
CROSS VENTILATION
VENTILATE KITCHENS AND
BATHS TO EXHAUST HOT AIR
WINDOWS AT HIGH LEVEL
TO VENT HOT AIR
DISTRIBUTE AIR THROUGHOUT
THE ROOM

6. BUILDING ENVELOPE
Roof :
• In addition to provide shelter from
rain and heat, the form of roof should
be planned to promote air flow.
• Vents at the rooftop effectively induce
ventilation and draw hot air out.
• Insulation doesn’t provide any
additional benefit.
• A double roof with a ventilated space
in between can also be used to
promote air flow.
Thermal roof insulation system
The thermal insulation for roofs has been of
growing importance lately, because on an
average as much as 60% of the thermal energy
leakage occurs through the roofs. Roof
insulation has the potential for saving both
cooling and heating loads.
Thermal insulation is a material or combination
of materials, that, when properly applied, retard
the rate of heat flow by conduction, convection,
and radiation. It retards heat flow into or out of a
building due to its high thermal resistance. The
proper use of thermal insulation in buildings
reduces not only the energy usage but also
downsizes the HVAC system during design.
ROOF INSULATION

7. Walls :
Lightweight concrete (LWC) refers to any concrete produced with
a density of less than 2000kg/m3. For structural purposes. The
LWC density often ranges between 1600 and 2000 kg/m3 along
with a strength grade of 15 MPa. Whereas for thermal insulation
purposes the density if often less than 1450 kg/m3 along with
strength grade as low as 0.5 MPa. The thermal resistance of light
weight concrete can be improved by mixing with light weight
aggregates.
Fenestration :
• Cross ventilation is of utmost importance in warm and humid
climatic regions.
• All doors & windows should preferably be kept open for
maximum ventilation for most of
• years.
• These must be provided with venetian blinds to shelter the
rooms from the sun and rain, as well as for control of
movement.
a) The opening should be shaded by external overhangs.
b) Outlets at higher level serve to vent hot air.
OUTLET LARGER THAN INLET
INLET AT LOWER LEVEL AND
OUTLET AT HIGHER LEVEL

8. Double Glazed Windows :
An alternative passive technique uses a double-glazing
window unit, whose gap is filled with louvres coated with a
silica powder desiccant. At night, humid exterior air is passed
through the gap between the glass panes to allow the
desiccant louvres to remove moisture from the passing air,
before the dried air is delivered to the occupied space. Then,
during the day, the moisture absorbed in the desiccant
louvres is driven out using direct solar heating, which
regenerates the system.
Louver Windows :
Shading devices for the windows are of various types like :
• Moveable opaque (roller blind, curtains, etc.) can be
highly effective in reducing solar gains but eliminate
view and impede air movement.
• Louvers (Adjustable or fixed) affect the view and air
movement to some degree.
• Fixed overhangs.

9. Louver Ventilators :
A louver is a ventilation product that allows air to pass through it while keeping out unwanted
elements such as water, dirt, and debris. A number of fixed or operable blades mounted in a frame
can provide this functionality.

10. Roof Gardens :
A roof garden can provide cooling in several ways. The
plants shade the roof, and together with the substrate
layer, act as insulation. Also, the substrate layer abs roof
structure combined serve as thermal mass that delays heat
transfer from the exterior while absorbing heat from
internal sources.
Earth Air Tunnels :
Daily and annual temperature fluctuation decreases with the increase in depth below the ground
surface. At a depth of about 4m below ground, the temperature inside the earth remains nearly
constant round the year and is nearly equal to the annual average temperature of the place. A tunnel
in the form of a pipe or otherwise embedded at a depth of about 4m below the ground will acquire
the same temperature as the surrounding earth at its surface and therefore the ambient air ventilated
through this tunnel will get cooled in summer and warmed in winter.

11. Solar Panels :
• Solar Electricity : This is one of the solar energy
applications that has gained a lot of momentum in
recent years.
• Solar Water Heating : Uses for solar energy extend
to water heating systems.
SOLAR PANELS
Flooring :
Laminate flooring is a multi-layer
synthetic flooring product fused together with
a lamination process. Laminate
flooring simulates wood (or sometimes stone)
with a photographic appliqué layer under a
clear protective layer.

12. Courtyard :
Courtyard effects: Due to incident solar radiation in a
courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises. Cool air from the
ground level flows through the louvered openings of
rooms surrounding a courtyard, thus producing air flows.
At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection
and radiation. If this heat exchange reduces roof surface
temperature to wet bulb temperature of air, condensation
of atmosphere moisture occurs on the roof and the gain
due to condensation limits further cooling.
Landscape :
• Deciduous trees provide shade in summers and sunlight in winters; hence, planting
such trees on the west and south western side of the building is a natural solar
passive strategy.
• On the other hand, evergreen trees on the north and north-west of the building
provide shade round the year.
• The use of dense trees and shrub plantings on the west and southwest sides of a
building will block the summer setting sun.
• By adding native landscaping to the site we require less maintenance and irrigation

13. Conserve water
Waste water is minimised by utilizing water
conserving fixtures such as ultra low flush toilets
and low shower heads
Rainwater Harvesting

14. Vegetation can be used
to shade the buildings
and create micro
climate around the
building.
Living awnings such as
deciduous trees and
trellises with deciduous
vines are very good
shading devices. They
are in phase with the
thermal year – gain
and lose leaves in
response to
temperature changes.

15. The wall is painted light pastel shades or whitewashed ,white surface of the roof be of broken tile
to reflect sunlight back to the environment and hence reduce heat gain