The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
This document discusses using Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for data transmission, industrial automation, and biomedical applications. It begins by introducing Li-Fi and how it works by transmitting data through LED lights. It then discusses using Li-Fi for an industrial automation system by transmitting control signals to devices from a central location. Finally, it proposes a biomedical application where a biosensor would detect a patient's blood pressure and heart rate, and this data would be transmitted to different locations like doctors' offices using Li-Fi technology.
This project progress report summarizes work on optimizing optical CDMA technology for fiber optic communication. The report discusses principles of OCDMA coding, major challenges like bit error rate and multi-access interference, and methods to overcome challenges such as using spectral amplitude coding and spectral phase coding. It also summarizes simulations conducted to measure bit error rate at different distances using an OCDMA system based on fiber Bragg grating encoders and decoders. Finally, the report outlines applications of OCDMA including use in passive optical networks and providing virtual private networks over metro optical networks.
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016 : Optical wireless communicationsSitha Sok
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016
Fresh off the Press! The April issue focuses on optical wireless communications. Harald Hass, "the father of Li-Fi", and his student contributed to this special issue.
This document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for wireless data transmission using visible light communication (VLC). Li-Fi uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for fully networked wireless systems and can provide high-speed data transmission. The document describes how Li-Fi works, comparing it to Wi-Fi, and outlines its advantages like wider spectrum, higher security, and applications like use in aircraft. It then discusses the proposed work of implementing a module to control a buggy using Li-Fi data transmission.
Li-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses light from LED lights to transmit data. It provides a more secure and higher bandwidth alternative to Wi-Fi. The document discusses the history and development of Li-Fi, including early experiments in the 1990s. It also explains the technology behind Li-Fi including how it works at the physical and data link layers using LED lights to vary signal strength to transmit data. Li-Fi is positioned to handle the rapidly increasing demand for wireless data capacity into the future.
This document provides a brief review of recent works on various wireless networks and their integration. It first discusses different types of wireless networks including WLAN, WiMAX, satellites, and ad hoc networks. It then reviews recent studies on improving aspects of these individual networks such as MAC layer protocols, security, and frequency synthesizers. Finally, it summarizes research on integrating combinations of wireless networks like WLAN and WiMAX to improve quality of service, as well as integrating satellite networks to provide emergency communication or solve line of sight problems.
Comparison of LI-FI with Wireless MediaIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, comparing it to wireless media like Wi-Fi. It discusses how Li-Fi works using visible light communication between LED light sources and photodetectors. The key components of a Li-Fi system and its applications are described. Li-Fi provides advantages over Wi-Fi such as higher speed and bandwidth capacity. However, it also has limitations since the light signals do not pass through walls like radio waves. The document aims to explain Li-Fi technology and its potential to deliver high-speed internet access as an alternative to wireless networks.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
This document discusses using Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for data transmission, industrial automation, and biomedical applications. It begins by introducing Li-Fi and how it works by transmitting data through LED lights. It then discusses using Li-Fi for an industrial automation system by transmitting control signals to devices from a central location. Finally, it proposes a biomedical application where a biosensor would detect a patient's blood pressure and heart rate, and this data would be transmitted to different locations like doctors' offices using Li-Fi technology.
This project progress report summarizes work on optimizing optical CDMA technology for fiber optic communication. The report discusses principles of OCDMA coding, major challenges like bit error rate and multi-access interference, and methods to overcome challenges such as using spectral amplitude coding and spectral phase coding. It also summarizes simulations conducted to measure bit error rate at different distances using an OCDMA system based on fiber Bragg grating encoders and decoders. Finally, the report outlines applications of OCDMA including use in passive optical networks and providing virtual private networks over metro optical networks.
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016 : Optical wireless communicationsSitha Sok
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016
Fresh off the Press! The April issue focuses on optical wireless communications. Harald Hass, "the father of Li-Fi", and his student contributed to this special issue.
This document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology for wireless data transmission using visible light communication (VLC). Li-Fi uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for fully networked wireless systems and can provide high-speed data transmission. The document describes how Li-Fi works, comparing it to Wi-Fi, and outlines its advantages like wider spectrum, higher security, and applications like use in aircraft. It then discusses the proposed work of implementing a module to control a buggy using Li-Fi data transmission.
Li-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses light from LED lights to transmit data. It provides a more secure and higher bandwidth alternative to Wi-Fi. The document discusses the history and development of Li-Fi, including early experiments in the 1990s. It also explains the technology behind Li-Fi including how it works at the physical and data link layers using LED lights to vary signal strength to transmit data. Li-Fi is positioned to handle the rapidly increasing demand for wireless data capacity into the future.
This document provides a brief review of recent works on various wireless networks and their integration. It first discusses different types of wireless networks including WLAN, WiMAX, satellites, and ad hoc networks. It then reviews recent studies on improving aspects of these individual networks such as MAC layer protocols, security, and frequency synthesizers. Finally, it summarizes research on integrating combinations of wireless networks like WLAN and WiMAX to improve quality of service, as well as integrating satellite networks to provide emergency communication or solve line of sight problems.
Comparison of LI-FI with Wireless MediaIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, comparing it to wireless media like Wi-Fi. It discusses how Li-Fi works using visible light communication between LED light sources and photodetectors. The key components of a Li-Fi system and its applications are described. Li-Fi provides advantages over Wi-Fi such as higher speed and bandwidth capacity. However, it also has limitations since the light signals do not pass through walls like radio waves. The document aims to explain Li-Fi technology and its potential to deliver high-speed internet access as an alternative to wireless networks.
The document provides an acknowledgement and thanks from the author to their seminar guide and other faculty members who provided guidance and support for the successful completion of the author's seminar. It also includes an abstract that introduces Li-Fi technology as a potential solution for wireless internet that uses light instead of radio waves, as well as a table of contents for the seminar.
Visible light communication (VLC) uses visible light spectrum to transmit data wirelessly. It has several advantages over traditional wireless technologies like WiFi, including no interference with other devices, safety in medical settings, and ubiquitous availability with rising LED usage. Early experiments with VLC date back to 1880 with Alexander Graham Bell's photophone. Modern standardization efforts aim to avoid fragmentation and promote applications like indoor localization, smart retail, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Key challenges include increasing data rates and providing bidirectional communication capabilities. VLC remains an emerging technology but shows promise for a variety of uses.
The characteristic of li fi technology comparing with wi-fizaidinvisible
This document compares Wi-Fi and Li-Fi wireless technologies. It discusses that Wi-Fi operates using radio frequencies and has limitations like bandwidth constraints and interference. Li-Fi is an emerging alternative that uses visible light communication through LED lights. It has higher data rates of up to 10 Gbps and does not experience the same interference issues as Wi-Fi. However, Li-Fi signals can be interrupted by obstacles and it requires line of sight between transmitters and receivers. The document provides tables comparing characteristics and standards of Li-Fi and Wi-Fi.
This document is a project report submitted by four students (Niteesh Khanolkar, Sudhir Menon, Kaustubh Band, Chinmay Rane) for their Bachelor's degree. It discusses their project on visible light data transmission under the guidance of Prof. Archana Patil. The report includes an introduction to visible light communication, a literature review on the topic, a proposed system design, hardware and software requirements, features and applications of the system, and plans for future work.
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It is a visible light communication system that is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. Li-Fi can provide wireless connections for devices such as laptops, smartphones and tablets through LED light bulbs instead of radio frequency technology. Li-Fi offers advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including higher speeds, more bandwidth and more secure connections since light cannot pass through walls. The technology was first introduced by Dr. Harald Haas and he coined the term "Li-Fi" at a 2011 TED Global talk. Standards for Li-Fi are based on visible light communication standards but new standards may be needed to
At the heart of this technology, a new generation of high-brightness light-emitting diodes. Very simply, if the LED is ON, user can transmit a digital string of 1, if it’s OFF then user can transmit a string of 0. It can be switched ON and OFF very quickly, which gives instant opportunity for transmitting data. It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker ON and OFF to pass different strings of 1s and 0s. The modulation is so fast that the human eye doesn’t notice. There are over 14 billion light bulbs used across the world, which needs to be replaced with LEDs ones that transmit data.
Li-Fi is a visible light communication technology that can provide wireless internet access at high speeds using LED light bulbs. It works by varying the intensity of LED lights faster than what the human eye can detect to transmit data. Researchers have achieved speeds over 500 megabytes per second in the lab. Li-Fi was pioneered by Professor Harald Haas and could offer connection speeds faster than most broadband internet access. It provides a safe and unlimited spectrum alternative to Wi-Fi for wireless connectivity indoors.
The aim of this paper is to determine the viability of Indoor Optical Wireless Communication System. This paper introduces Visible Light Communication along with its merits, demerits and applications. Then the main characteristics of VLC system are described, around which the project is designed. Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) technique is used in the project in order to enhance the data rate of transmission. Instead of using a system of only one LED and one APD, which transmits only one bit at a time, a system of 4 LEDs and 4 APDs is introduced, which increases the data rates by 300% from the previous case. We observe the signal, noise, SNR, BER etc. across the room dimension. Finally, in the last chapter we summarize our results on the basis of MATLAB simulations and propose some modifications to this model that can be implemented in future.
The document discusses various wireless technologies including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), and cellular technologies. It provides an overview of each technology, including their advantages and disadvantages. For example, it notes that Bluetooth has a short range but low power consumption, while Wi-Fi provides higher bandwidth but lower security. The document also discusses how these various wireless standards are enabling technologies like the Digital India movement by allowing more online transactions and a reduction in cash usage. In conclusion, it states that wireless technologies can make things simpler when proper precautions are taken.
IRJET-Visible Light Communication (Li-Fi)IRJET Journal
The document discusses the emerging technology of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), which uses visible light communication through LED bulbs to transmit data wirelessly. It provides advantages over traditional Wi-Fi such as higher speeds, better security, and avoiding health risks from radio waves. The document proposes a Li-Fi system using a laser transmitter and photodetector receiver to transmit text data between computers through light signals modulated by an ARM7 processor.
This document summarizes visible light communication (VLC) technology. VLC uses visible light between 380-700nm for data transmission. It has advantages over traditional radio frequency communication including unlimited bandwidth potential, better security, lower power consumption, and being harmless to the human body. However, VLC also has a shorter coverage distance than RF. The document outlines the basic components of a VLC system and provides examples of potential VLC applications including under water communication, use in hospitals and airplanes, vehicle-to-vehicle messaging, indoor broadcasting, and intelligent transport systems.
Li-Fi uses visible light communication technology to transmit data wirelessly using light. It provides higher speeds and greater capacity than Wi-Fi. Li-Fi transmits data through LED bulbs by varying the intensity of light faster than what the human eye can detect. This allows transmitting digital signals through the illumination. Li-Fi offers solutions to issues with Wi-Fi like limited spectrum, security concerns, and availability. Products like Li-1st and Li-Flame have been developed providing speeds up to 10Mbps. Applications of Li-Fi include use in aircrafts, underwater environments, traffic management systems, and more.
Visible light communication uses LED lights to transmit data by varying the intensity of light. It offers several advantages over traditional wireless technologies like WiFi. Data can be transmitted through visible light at speeds higher than WiFi and without interfering with other wireless networks. It also provides a secure communication medium as light cannot pass through walls. While the technology is still being developed, it shows promise in helping overcome bandwidth limitations of existing wireless networks.
The document provides an overview of visible light communication (VLC) and Li-Fi technology. It discusses what VLC is, how it works using visible light spectrum, and its advantages over radio frequency communication. It then describes the history and working process of Li-Fi, which uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for high-speed data transmission. Some applications of VLC/Li-Fi technology discussed include using streetlights as free wireless access points. The document concludes that VLC/Li-Fi has potential to address the increasing demand for wireless bandwidth if successfully commercialized.
The Assessments and Challenges of LED Generated Data Traffic using Li-Fi Tech...AM Publications
Internet today will be highly integrated with many aspects of our daily needs making it a corner stone in modern life. This dependency increased the demand on having internet services with higher Bandwidth, higher Bit Rates and lower Congestion problems. As a result, more and more applications will be widely realized for Internet based in the future, either in custom or dedicated fashion. As a result, the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology - that is considered in this paper - refers to the technology that can transfer data in a faster reliable way; utilizing Light Emitted Diode (LED) bulb which is the source of illumination. The method of communication is through transfer data pulses instead of radio frequencies signals, thus providing an economic advantage by eliminating the need for complex wireless networks.
The document summarizes a presentation on Li-Fi technology. It begins with an introduction to Li-Fi, which uses LED lights for wireless data transmission. It then covers the history of Li-Fi's development by Professor Harald Haas. The document explains how Li-Fi works using visible light spectrum and modulated LED bulbs. It compares Li-Fi to Wi-Fi, and lists applications like vehicle communication, underwater communication, and use in airlines. Advantages include high speeds, energy efficiency, and physical security. Challenges involve line-of-sight transmission and external light interference. The presentation concludes that Li-Fi has potential if developed further.
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiEditor IJCATR
To accomplish the work, the need of internet either through wired or wireless network is increasing
nowadays. While using wireless network i.e. Wi-Fi, many issues are arising related to speed due to which the
speed of transmitting data goes relatively slow as many devices gets connected. To remedy this, Harald Hass
invented technology named Li-Fi which he terms as- Data through Illumination, where the data is transferred
through an LED bulb which is 1000 times faster than Wi-Fi. This technology has now become the part of VLC as
this technology is performed by using white LED light bulbs.
Visible light communications uses visible light spectrum to transmit data using light-emitting diodes or fluorescent lamps. It has advantages over traditional wireless technologies as it is safe, provides security since signals cannot pass through walls, and is not regulated like radio frequencies. Potential applications include mobile connectivity, healthcare, transportation, and defense where secure local communication is important.
IRJET - Li-Fi based Home/Office Computerization SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses Li-Fi technology as an alternative to Wi-Fi for home/office automation. It begins with an abstract that introduces Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) as a wireless communication technology that uses light instead of radio waves. It then provides details on the need for Li-Fi due to increasing internet usage overloading the radio spectrum. The document outlines the aims and objectives of using Li-Fi for home/office automation, including transmitting data via light through different mediums. It describes the basic techniques and components used in a Li-Fi system, including LED lights that transmit data by varying in intensity, and photodiodes that receive the signals. It concludes by stating that Li-Fi offers higher speeds and more
IRJET- Wireless Car using WIFI – IoT – BluetoothIRJET Journal
This document describes a wireless car prototype that can be controlled using an Android application via Bluetooth or WiFi connection. An Arduino microcontroller interfaces with a Bluetooth module, WiFi module (ESP8266), motor driver, DC motors and camera to enable wireless control and video streaming. The user can send control signals from the Android app to drive the car remotely. A potentiometer allows switching between Bluetooth, WiFi or internet connection. The camera streams real-time video to the app and stores recordings in the cloud.
SURVEY ON LI-FI TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONSijistjournal
This paper describes the importance of the Li-Fi technology and the areas where it can be advantageous. Li-Fi can prove to be a boon to our society as it saves not only money and resources of user butat the same time also enables the user to take the advantage of high data rate transmission that is about 1000 times more efficient than existing Wi-Fi data transfer technology that uses radio frequency. This paper also emphasizes how it becomes possible to use a light source as transmitter of data.
Light–Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a technology that uses the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit wireless data instead of radio waves.
This is going to be the future of wireless data transmission.
The document provides an acknowledgement and thanks from the author to their seminar guide and other faculty members who provided guidance and support for the successful completion of the author's seminar. It also includes an abstract that introduces Li-Fi technology as a potential solution for wireless internet that uses light instead of radio waves, as well as a table of contents for the seminar.
Visible light communication (VLC) uses visible light spectrum to transmit data wirelessly. It has several advantages over traditional wireless technologies like WiFi, including no interference with other devices, safety in medical settings, and ubiquitous availability with rising LED usage. Early experiments with VLC date back to 1880 with Alexander Graham Bell's photophone. Modern standardization efforts aim to avoid fragmentation and promote applications like indoor localization, smart retail, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Key challenges include increasing data rates and providing bidirectional communication capabilities. VLC remains an emerging technology but shows promise for a variety of uses.
The characteristic of li fi technology comparing with wi-fizaidinvisible
This document compares Wi-Fi and Li-Fi wireless technologies. It discusses that Wi-Fi operates using radio frequencies and has limitations like bandwidth constraints and interference. Li-Fi is an emerging alternative that uses visible light communication through LED lights. It has higher data rates of up to 10 Gbps and does not experience the same interference issues as Wi-Fi. However, Li-Fi signals can be interrupted by obstacles and it requires line of sight between transmitters and receivers. The document provides tables comparing characteristics and standards of Li-Fi and Wi-Fi.
This document is a project report submitted by four students (Niteesh Khanolkar, Sudhir Menon, Kaustubh Band, Chinmay Rane) for their Bachelor's degree. It discusses their project on visible light data transmission under the guidance of Prof. Archana Patil. The report includes an introduction to visible light communication, a literature review on the topic, a proposed system design, hardware and software requirements, features and applications of the system, and plans for future work.
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It is a visible light communication system that is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. Li-Fi can provide wireless connections for devices such as laptops, smartphones and tablets through LED light bulbs instead of radio frequency technology. Li-Fi offers advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including higher speeds, more bandwidth and more secure connections since light cannot pass through walls. The technology was first introduced by Dr. Harald Haas and he coined the term "Li-Fi" at a 2011 TED Global talk. Standards for Li-Fi are based on visible light communication standards but new standards may be needed to
At the heart of this technology, a new generation of high-brightness light-emitting diodes. Very simply, if the LED is ON, user can transmit a digital string of 1, if it’s OFF then user can transmit a string of 0. It can be switched ON and OFF very quickly, which gives instant opportunity for transmitting data. It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker ON and OFF to pass different strings of 1s and 0s. The modulation is so fast that the human eye doesn’t notice. There are over 14 billion light bulbs used across the world, which needs to be replaced with LEDs ones that transmit data.
Li-Fi is a visible light communication technology that can provide wireless internet access at high speeds using LED light bulbs. It works by varying the intensity of LED lights faster than what the human eye can detect to transmit data. Researchers have achieved speeds over 500 megabytes per second in the lab. Li-Fi was pioneered by Professor Harald Haas and could offer connection speeds faster than most broadband internet access. It provides a safe and unlimited spectrum alternative to Wi-Fi for wireless connectivity indoors.
The aim of this paper is to determine the viability of Indoor Optical Wireless Communication System. This paper introduces Visible Light Communication along with its merits, demerits and applications. Then the main characteristics of VLC system are described, around which the project is designed. Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) technique is used in the project in order to enhance the data rate of transmission. Instead of using a system of only one LED and one APD, which transmits only one bit at a time, a system of 4 LEDs and 4 APDs is introduced, which increases the data rates by 300% from the previous case. We observe the signal, noise, SNR, BER etc. across the room dimension. Finally, in the last chapter we summarize our results on the basis of MATLAB simulations and propose some modifications to this model that can be implemented in future.
The document discusses various wireless technologies including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), and cellular technologies. It provides an overview of each technology, including their advantages and disadvantages. For example, it notes that Bluetooth has a short range but low power consumption, while Wi-Fi provides higher bandwidth but lower security. The document also discusses how these various wireless standards are enabling technologies like the Digital India movement by allowing more online transactions and a reduction in cash usage. In conclusion, it states that wireless technologies can make things simpler when proper precautions are taken.
IRJET-Visible Light Communication (Li-Fi)IRJET Journal
The document discusses the emerging technology of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), which uses visible light communication through LED bulbs to transmit data wirelessly. It provides advantages over traditional Wi-Fi such as higher speeds, better security, and avoiding health risks from radio waves. The document proposes a Li-Fi system using a laser transmitter and photodetector receiver to transmit text data between computers through light signals modulated by an ARM7 processor.
This document summarizes visible light communication (VLC) technology. VLC uses visible light between 380-700nm for data transmission. It has advantages over traditional radio frequency communication including unlimited bandwidth potential, better security, lower power consumption, and being harmless to the human body. However, VLC also has a shorter coverage distance than RF. The document outlines the basic components of a VLC system and provides examples of potential VLC applications including under water communication, use in hospitals and airplanes, vehicle-to-vehicle messaging, indoor broadcasting, and intelligent transport systems.
Li-Fi uses visible light communication technology to transmit data wirelessly using light. It provides higher speeds and greater capacity than Wi-Fi. Li-Fi transmits data through LED bulbs by varying the intensity of light faster than what the human eye can detect. This allows transmitting digital signals through the illumination. Li-Fi offers solutions to issues with Wi-Fi like limited spectrum, security concerns, and availability. Products like Li-1st and Li-Flame have been developed providing speeds up to 10Mbps. Applications of Li-Fi include use in aircrafts, underwater environments, traffic management systems, and more.
Visible light communication uses LED lights to transmit data by varying the intensity of light. It offers several advantages over traditional wireless technologies like WiFi. Data can be transmitted through visible light at speeds higher than WiFi and without interfering with other wireless networks. It also provides a secure communication medium as light cannot pass through walls. While the technology is still being developed, it shows promise in helping overcome bandwidth limitations of existing wireless networks.
The document provides an overview of visible light communication (VLC) and Li-Fi technology. It discusses what VLC is, how it works using visible light spectrum, and its advantages over radio frequency communication. It then describes the history and working process of Li-Fi, which uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for high-speed data transmission. Some applications of VLC/Li-Fi technology discussed include using streetlights as free wireless access points. The document concludes that VLC/Li-Fi has potential to address the increasing demand for wireless bandwidth if successfully commercialized.
The Assessments and Challenges of LED Generated Data Traffic using Li-Fi Tech...AM Publications
Internet today will be highly integrated with many aspects of our daily needs making it a corner stone in modern life. This dependency increased the demand on having internet services with higher Bandwidth, higher Bit Rates and lower Congestion problems. As a result, more and more applications will be widely realized for Internet based in the future, either in custom or dedicated fashion. As a result, the Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology - that is considered in this paper - refers to the technology that can transfer data in a faster reliable way; utilizing Light Emitted Diode (LED) bulb which is the source of illumination. The method of communication is through transfer data pulses instead of radio frequencies signals, thus providing an economic advantage by eliminating the need for complex wireless networks.
The document summarizes a presentation on Li-Fi technology. It begins with an introduction to Li-Fi, which uses LED lights for wireless data transmission. It then covers the history of Li-Fi's development by Professor Harald Haas. The document explains how Li-Fi works using visible light spectrum and modulated LED bulbs. It compares Li-Fi to Wi-Fi, and lists applications like vehicle communication, underwater communication, and use in airlines. Advantages include high speeds, energy efficiency, and physical security. Challenges involve line-of-sight transmission and external light interference. The presentation concludes that Li-Fi has potential if developed further.
Exploration and Supremacy of Li-Fi over Wi-FiEditor IJCATR
To accomplish the work, the need of internet either through wired or wireless network is increasing
nowadays. While using wireless network i.e. Wi-Fi, many issues are arising related to speed due to which the
speed of transmitting data goes relatively slow as many devices gets connected. To remedy this, Harald Hass
invented technology named Li-Fi which he terms as- Data through Illumination, where the data is transferred
through an LED bulb which is 1000 times faster than Wi-Fi. This technology has now become the part of VLC as
this technology is performed by using white LED light bulbs.
Visible light communications uses visible light spectrum to transmit data using light-emitting diodes or fluorescent lamps. It has advantages over traditional wireless technologies as it is safe, provides security since signals cannot pass through walls, and is not regulated like radio frequencies. Potential applications include mobile connectivity, healthcare, transportation, and defense where secure local communication is important.
IRJET - Li-Fi based Home/Office Computerization SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses Li-Fi technology as an alternative to Wi-Fi for home/office automation. It begins with an abstract that introduces Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) as a wireless communication technology that uses light instead of radio waves. It then provides details on the need for Li-Fi due to increasing internet usage overloading the radio spectrum. The document outlines the aims and objectives of using Li-Fi for home/office automation, including transmitting data via light through different mediums. It describes the basic techniques and components used in a Li-Fi system, including LED lights that transmit data by varying in intensity, and photodiodes that receive the signals. It concludes by stating that Li-Fi offers higher speeds and more
IRJET- Wireless Car using WIFI – IoT – BluetoothIRJET Journal
This document describes a wireless car prototype that can be controlled using an Android application via Bluetooth or WiFi connection. An Arduino microcontroller interfaces with a Bluetooth module, WiFi module (ESP8266), motor driver, DC motors and camera to enable wireless control and video streaming. The user can send control signals from the Android app to drive the car remotely. A potentiometer allows switching between Bluetooth, WiFi or internet connection. The camera streams real-time video to the app and stores recordings in the cloud.
SURVEY ON LI-FI TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONSijistjournal
This paper describes the importance of the Li-Fi technology and the areas where it can be advantageous. Li-Fi can prove to be a boon to our society as it saves not only money and resources of user butat the same time also enables the user to take the advantage of high data rate transmission that is about 1000 times more efficient than existing Wi-Fi data transfer technology that uses radio frequency. This paper also emphasizes how it becomes possible to use a light source as transmitter of data.
Light–Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a technology that uses the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit wireless data instead of radio waves.
This is going to be the future of wireless data transmission.
The document discusses Li-Fi, a new wireless communication technology that uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data using LED lights. It provides several key advantages over traditional Wi-Fi such as higher speeds of up to 10,000 times more than Wi-Fi, improved security since light cannot pass through walls, and no interference issues. Li-Fi works by flickering LED lights on and off at a rate undetectable to the human eye to transmit binary data. It has various applications such as internet access anywhere there is light, use in hospitals where Wi-Fi radiation is unsafe, and underwater communications where radio waves don't work.
This 3-page document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology as an alternative to Wi-Fi. It provides an introduction to Li-Fi, noting that it uses visible light spectrum for high-speed data transmission. The document outlines the objectives of using Li-Fi, which include faster transmission speeds and more secure connections compared to Wi-Fi. It then describes the methodology, components, and working of a basic Li-Fi system using LED lights, microcontrollers, and photodetectors. Finally, it discusses applications of Li-Fi such as relieving strain on cellular networks, enabling smart lighting, providing mobile connectivity, and allowing safe connectivity in hazardous environments.
This document summarizes a presentation on Li-Fi technology. It begins with an introduction and overview of Li-Fi, noting that it uses visible light communication and LED bulbs to transmit data. It then discusses the history of Li-Fi, including the first public demonstration in 2011. The document outlines the basic working process and construction of Li-Fi systems. It compares Li-Fi to Wi-Fi and discusses some applications. The document also briefly mentions security benefits and challenges facing Li-Fi development, such as the need for line of sight transmission. It concludes by stating that Li-Fi could provide a high-speed wireless alternative to congested radio frequencies.
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It can provide higher speeds than Wi-Fi and has a number of advantages including increased capacity, energy efficiency, and enhanced security compared to traditional radio-frequency wireless networks. Li-Fi is a subset of visible light communication (VLC) and works by modulating the intensity of light from an LED to transmit data to a photodetector. This allows bidirectional communication in a similar manner to Wi-Fi networks.
The document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, which uses visible light communication to transmit data wirelessly using LED light bulbs. It provides advantages over Wi-Fi such as higher speeds, better security since light cannot pass through walls, and potential applications in mobile devices, hazardous environments, and hospitals. The document outlines the components of a basic Li-Fi system including servers, internet connection, LED lamps, and photo detectors. It also discusses applications, advantages like faster speeds and simple deployment, disadvantages like limited range, and concludes that Li-Fi is an appropriate alternative to Wi-Fi that provides safer and greener connectivity.
Li-Fi is a new wireless communication technology proposed by German physicist Harald Haas that uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data using LED light bulbs. It can provide internet speeds over 1Gbps without any decrease in speed as more devices connect. Data is transmitted by switching an LED on and off very fast in a way imperceptible to the human eye. At the receiver, a photodiode converts light signals into electrical pulses representing data. Potential applications include smart lighting, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, underwater networks, and use in homes, hospitals, and industrial settings like petrochemical plants. Li-Fi offers advantages over Wi-Fi like higher speeds, more secure communication contained in light beams,
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It was invented by Harald Haas and is a safer, more energy efficient alternative to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi uses visible light communication and is 100 times faster than Wi-Fi. It has wide applications for places that prohibit radio waves like hospitals and aircraft. Li-Fi transmits data through rapid pulses of light by switching LED bulbs on and off faster than the human eye can detect. It has potential for speeds over 10Gbps and is being developed as the next-generation wireless optical network technology.
This document provides an overview of LiFi technology. It discusses the history of wireless networks and how they currently rely on radio waves. It then introduces LiFi as a new technology that transmits data through light instead of radio waves. It describes the components and working of LiFi, including how LED lights can be flickered at high speeds to transmit digital data. It compares LiFi to WiFi, discussing LiFi's advantages like higher speeds, more security, and greater available bandwidth. Potential applications and conclusions about LiFi solving bandwidth issues are also presented.
A German physicist named Harald Haas developed a wireless communication technology called Li-Fi that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. Li-Fi works by varying the intensity of LED light faster than what the human eye can detect, allowing binary digits to be transmitted. Researchers have achieved data rates over 500 megabytes per second in the lab using Li-Fi. Li-Fi has advantages over traditional Wi-Fi as it is not susceptible to interference and can be used in places where radio waves cannot like on airplanes or underwater. The technology has potential for use in public internet access points using street lights or personal devices transmitting data through ambient light.
This document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, which is a method for wireless communication that uses light from LED bulbs to transmit data. It provides faster speeds than Wi-Fi and does not cause interference like radio waves. Li-Fi works by varying the intensity of LED light rapidly to transmit binary data. It could enable high-speed internet access in places like airplanes and museums that restrict radio signals. The document outlines the history and working mechanism of Li-Fi technology.
Li-Fi is a new wireless technology which provides the connectivity within localized network environment. The main principle of this technology is we can transmit the data using light illumination by using light emitting diodes where radio frequency is media in Wi-Fi and LED bulb light intensity is faster than human eye can follow. One germen phycist-Prof Harald Haas an expert in optical wireless communications at the University of Edinburgh, he demonstrated how an LED bulb equipped with signal processing technology could stream a high-definition video to a computer. By using this technology a one-watt LED light bulb would be enough to provide net connectivity to four computers. He coined the term "light fidelity" or Li-Fi. He visualizes a future where data for laptops, Smartphone, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. This technology is still under research and further exploitation could lead to wide applications.
Design, Working, Challenges, Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Li...ijtsrd
This document discusses Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology, which uses visible light communication and LED lights to transmit data wirelessly. It describes the design, working, challenges, applications, advantages and disadvantages of Li-Fi compared to existing Wi-Fi technology. Key points include that Li-Fi has faster speeds than Wi-Fi, uses light which has a larger bandwidth than radio frequencies, provides more secure data transmission since light cannot pass through walls, and has growing applications in areas like aviation, smart homes and hospitals. However, it also faces challenges such as limited range and requiring line of sight between devices.
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It was introduced by Professor Harald Haas in 2011 as a faster and more secure alternative to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi uses visible light communication and is capable of transmission speeds over 100 times faster than Wi-Fi. It provides several advantages over Wi-Fi such as higher speed, more bandwidth availability, more secure communication, and energy efficiency. While Li-Fi remains a promising technology, it faces limitations including inability to pass through opaque objects and potential external light interference.
Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for
bandwidth at a conference, you’ve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is
tapped into the network. As more and more people and their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves
are going to make it increasingly difficult to latch onto a reliable signal. But radio waves are just one part of the
spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use other waves to surf the internet? One German physicist,DR.
Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by
sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It’s the same idea
behind infrared remote controls, but far more powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce
data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a
future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be
a snap—if you can’t see the light, you can’t access the data. Li-Fi is a VLC, visible light communication, technology
developed by a team of scientists
Li-Fi is a technology that uses light from LED bulbs to transmit data wirelessly. It provides several advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including very high speeds, low energy consumption, secure transmission that cannot pass through walls, and the ability to be used in places where radio waves cannot reach. The technology works by switching the state of LED bulbs on and off very quickly in order to transmit binary code. It is still an emerging technology but has already been demonstrated to work at speeds over 10Mbps. Potential applications include use in street lights, hospitals, airplanes, and underwater.
1) Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It can provide higher speeds than Wi-Fi and does not cause any radio interference.
2) Li-Fi works by varying the intensity of light from an LED to transmit data. An LED bulb acts as a transmitter and a photo-sensitive detector acts as a receiver. Data is encoded by switching the LED bulb on and off at extremely high speeds undetectable to the human eye.
3) Potential applications of Li-Fi include use in places where Wi-Fi is restricted like hospitals and aircraft, as well as enabling faster internet access in public places using street lights outfitted
A Study Of Visible Light Communication With Li- Fi TechnologyCarmen Pell
This document provides an overview of visible light communication (VLC) using Li-Fi technology as an alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) wireless communication. It discusses how VLC uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the visible light spectrum, which is much broader than the RF spectrum. The document summarizes the working principles of VLC and Li-Fi, their advantages over RF such as higher bandwidth availability and safety, and potential applications in areas like healthcare, transportation, and industrial settings where RF communication poses issues. It also reviews previous literature on VLC implementations and modulation techniques.
Li-Fi Is the Next Generation of Secure Data Transmission Using IOT DevicesIRJET Journal
This document discusses Li-Fi technology as the next generation of secure data transmission using IoT devices. Li-Fi uses LED light bulbs to transmit data wirelessly through visible light communication, providing higher speeds, greater security, and localized coverage compared to Wi-Fi. The document outlines how Li-Fi works using intensity modulated light, its advantages over Wi-Fi such as better security and faster speeds. It then discusses a proof-of-concept system using Raspberry Pi and LiFi Nano devices to transmit data between LED lights. Finally, it explores several applications of Li-Fi technology, such as underwater communication, intelligent transportation, indoor navigation and augmented reality.
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This document discusses the importance of leadership in leading an organization towards improvement and development. It states that leadership is responsible for providing a clear vision and strategy to successfully achieve that vision. Effective leadership can impact the success of an organization by controlling its direction and motivating employees. Leadership is different from traditional management in that it guides employees towards organizational goals through open communication and motivation, rather than simply directing work. The paper concludes that only leadership can lead an organization to change according to its evolving environment, while management may simply follow old rules. Leadership is key to adapting to new market needs and trends.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
The document summarizes research on a nano composite polymer gel electrolyte containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Key points:
1. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer was used as the base polymer mixed with propylene carbonate, magnesium perchlorate, and SiO2 nanoparticles to synthesize the nano composite polymer gel electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte was characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR which confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles and increased amorphous nature of the electrolyte, enhancing its ion conductivity.
3. XRD showed decreased crystallinity and disappearance of polymer peaks upon addition of SiO2. SEM revealed
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
A Study of Data Storage Security Issues in Cloud Computingvivatechijri
Cloudcomputingprovidesondemandservicestoitsclients.Datastorageisamongoneoftheprimaryservices providedbycloudcomputing.Cloudserviceproviderhoststhedataofdataownerontheirserverandusercan accesstheirdatafromtheseservers.Asdata,ownersandserversaredifferentidentities,theparadigmofdata storagebringsupmanysecuritychallenges.Anindependentmechanismisrequiredtomakesurethatdatais correctlyhostedintothecloudstorageserver.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedifferenttechniquesthatare usedforsecuredatastorageoncloud. Cloud computing is a functional paradigm that is evolving and making IT utilization easier by the day for consumers. Cloud computing offers standardized applications to users online and in a manner that can be accessed regularly. Such applications can be accessed by as many persons as permitted within an organization without bothering about the maintenance of such application. The Cloud also provides a channel to design and deploy user applications including its storage space and database without bothering about the underlying operating system. The application can run without consideration for on premise infrastructure. Also, the Cloud makes massive storage available both for data and databases. Storage of data on the Cloud is one of the core activities in Cloud computing. Storage utilizes infrastructure spread across several geographical locations.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
F-154
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
Light Fidelity(LiFi)- Wireless Optical Networking Technology
Mahesh Munde1
, Prof. Pragati Mestry2
1
(Department of MCA, VIVA School of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)
2
(Department of MCA, VIVA School of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)
Abstract: The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of
communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains
about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity
to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we
can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is
capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper
represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can
be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFi technology.
Keywords - Challenges, Intensity, LiFi, Modulation, Performance.
I. INTRODUCTION
Li-Fi is termed as Light Fidelity. This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. Li-Fi
transmits the data by illumination of an led bulb to send data at faster intensity that is not visible to human eye.
Lifi is the technology that uses light as a medium of communication by replacing the regular cable wire
communication. LiFi technology is evolved to overcome rate of speed of WiFi. Basically in this paper, author
will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally
used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wirelss data coverage in
limited areas with no obstacles . LiFi is an wireless optical networking technology that uses light emitting
diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data. Similar to WiFi , LiFi is an medium to deliver high speed
communication.Lifi is refered to as visible light technology (VLC). LiFi has its advantages which gives better
bandwidth, availability, efficiency and security than WiFi and also has achieved high speeds in lab. In the
paper, the author has discussed detailed study about LiFi technology and its future scope.
The main difference in technical terms is Wifi uses radio frequency to induce a voltage in antenna to transmit
data, whereas Lifi requires modulation of light intensity to transmit data.This technology is referred to as Visible
Light Communications(VLC) and working is done by switching current to LEDs off and on at very high speed
which is not noticeable to human eye. Lifi technology uses light waves for communication, which cannot
penetrate walls which leads to lower hacking potential relative to Wifi.
As there are some limitaitons in Wifi ,LiFi is considered more better than Wifi. Radio frequencies ranging from
2.4 GHz to 5 GHz are used to deliver wireless internet access and the bandwidth is limited to 50 Mbps to 100
Mbps. The reliability of signals suffers due to increasing number of Wifi hotspots and volume of WiFi traffic.
The main concern is security and speed. For hackers, WiFi communication is vulnerable as it can easily
penetrate through walls.
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According to LiFi and WiFi has the difference associated with the congestion, density, security, safety, and speed.
The more WiFi enabled device exists, the congestion may occur. Within the technology of WiFi we cannot
increase number of routers if the number of user is increased, while we are able to add rays in LiFi. Efficiency and
safety of the web are the dominating issues without delay. The LiFi performance is claimed more better than the
performance of WiFi. The speed of LiFi is 1000 times faster than WiFi . For safety of the web, LiFi is safer than
the WiFi supported the spread of the signal. LiFi contains a light characteristic that light cannot undergo the wall.
It's different from the signal of WiFi can bear anywhere. Supported those two technologies, in a very simple
conclusion is LiFi has safer communication instead of the WiFi. The vulnerability exists if there are leakage
within the wall while having an interior communication. Security threat that will exist is an intruder can spoof the
info using the leakage wall.
Figure 1 . Basic concept diagram of LiFi
1.1 Following key problems of Wi-Fi that need to be overcome :
a) Capacity: The radio waves utilized by Wi-Fi to transmit data are limited still as expensive. With the eventof
3G and 4G technologies, the quantity of accessible spectrum is running out.
b) Efficiency: Worldwide there are 1.4 million cellular radio masts. Instead of transmission of radio waves
these poles consume massive amounts of energy, most of it is employed for cooling the station instead of
transmission of radio waves. In fact, the efficiency of such stations is barely 5%.
c) Availability: Radio waves can't be employed in all environments, particularly in airplanes, chemicaland
power plants and in hospitals.
d) Security: Radio waves can penetrate through walls. This results in many security concerns as they will be
easily intercepted.
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1.2 LiFi addresses some issues with WiFi as follows:
a) Capacity: The visible spectrum radiation is 10,000 times wider than the radio waves spectrum .
Additionally, the light sources are already installed. Thus LiFi bandwidth is greater and equipment which is
already available.
b) Efficiency: LED lights requires less amount of energy and are highly efficient also.
c) Availability: Light sources are present altogether corners of the planet. Hence, availability is not an
difficulty. The billions of normal bulbs worldwide need only get replaced by LEDs.
d) Security: Light in fact doesn't penetrate through walls and thus data transmission that uses light waves are safer.
II. WORKING OF LIFI
Light emitting diodes(LEDs) are switched on and off at faster speeds that it is not visible through human eye,
hence causes the light source to be continuously on. The on and off activity enables data transmission which
uses binary codes. As per binary terms, switching and LED is (binary 1) and switching off an LED is (binary
0). Possibly we can encode data in light by varying the rate at which LED’s flicker on and off which gives
different strings of 1s and 0s. Modulations perform rapidly that humans cannot notice it. A signal is received
by an light sensitive device (photo detector) which converts it back into original data.
The methodology of performing rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly is referred to as Visible
Light Communication(VLC). The VLC consumes light between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz (375 nm) as
the optical carrier for data transmission and for illumination.
By using high speed LEDs with adequate multiplexing we can achieve data rates greater than 100 Mbps. To
increase the VLC data rate it requires parallel data transmission using arrays of Led’s where each Led transmits
separate stream of data. Lights can be dimmed to an extent that they are not visible to humans in order to
transmit data.
Figure 2. Working of Lifi
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III. MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN LIFI
The Modulation signals are required to switch LED at desired frequencies that contains information to be
transmitted. Modulation technique is used so that the communication is still available even when the
illumination is not required. As a result, this modulation technique may support a dimmable illumination. The
information in the message signal is corresponding to the variation in intensity of light. There are many types of
modulations such as: Single Carrier Modulation(SCM), Multiple Carrier Modulation(MCM), and Colour
Modulation .
Following are some of the modulation techniques :
3.1 Single Carrier Modulation : SCM is a type of modulation multiplexed by any number of signal, later
modulated individually with different frequencies. SCM involves onand off keying (OOK), pulse-
modulation(PPM) and pulse-amplitude modulation(PAM). SCM is preferable for low to moderate data rate
applications.
3.2 On-Off Keying (OOK): To keep the period of pulses same as the period of the negative ones , the 802.15.7
standard uses Manchester coding, hence it doubles the bandwidth required for transmission. Run length limited
(RLL) coding is used for higher bit rates which is more efficient. By adding an OOK extension dimming is
supported which adjusts the aggregate output to the correct level.
3.3 Variable Pulse Position Modulation (VPPM): Encoding of data is done by PPM which uses the position
of the pulse within the set period of time..To allow identify different positions the duration of the period
containing pulse must be long enough. VPPM and PPM is similar , however it allows the width of the pulse to
be controlled to support light dimming .
3.4 Colour Shift Keying (CSK): If the illumination system uses RGB-type LEDs ,CSK is used. Information
bits are coded by producing different colors using mixing of primary RGB sources.the main disadvantage of that
is it increases the complexity of the transceivers.
3.5 SIM-OFDM (Sub-Carrier Index Modulation OFDM): It is excellent for the situations where multiple
transmitters are used simultaneously which avoid shadowing effects and the interference can be mitigated by
shifting the system bandwidth to higher frequency.
IV. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF LIFI
4.1 Advantages of LiFi :
Light Per watt more light is produced by LEDs than incandescent bulbs.
On-Off Time LEDs light up more quickly.
Toxicity LEDs do not contain mercury, unlike the fluroscent lamps.
Free Band It does not need any licensing for use of free band .
Airlines Without affecting airlines signals Lifi can be used safely in aircrafts.
Underwater Lifi can be used for underwater explorations as Wifi does not work underwater.
Street Lamps Street Lamps can be converted into data access point .
Spectrum Relief Using Lifi we solve the issue of shortage of radio frequency bandwidth.
Traffic Control
Similarly by using car LED headlights and backlights can be used for traffic control
applications.
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4.2 Disadvantages of LiFi :
1) The main problem is the light which cannot pass through objects, so if the receiver accidently
blocks the way, then the signal will instantly be cut out. So when the light signal is obstructed one
can switch back over to radio waves.
2) While providing VLC services reliability and network coverage are the major issues that any
companies need to consider .
3) By accepting this technology high installation cost of the systems can be added by large-scale
implementations of VLC and also reduces the further operating costs like electricity charges,
maintainance etc.
4) We still need radio frequency cellular systems and WiFi. It cannot be reliable to provide data to a high
speed moving object through only a light bulb or to provide data in remote areas where there are walls
,trees and obstacles.
4.3 Challenges Faced in LiFi are as follows :
4.3.1 Modulation : Modulation technique is the key of LiFi communication. The challenge is about how we
can send data while the illumination of LED is low ,while the dimming process is proportional to LEDs
brightness. The challenge of dimming technology is about how Lifi can fulfill the user satisfaction in order to
dimming of LED can stay safe for the user.
4.3.2 Infrastucture : The basic infrastructure in LiFi is indoor and outdoor. Same as the optical characteristic,
a LiFi also has an effect of shadowing while transmission. The process of sending and receiving data is the
shadowing effect while transmission. In LiFi communication there is few research about the shadowing effect.
4.3.3 Security : A threat like spying can happen in LiFi. The main cause of this is when there is gap between
the floor and the door,the light may spread out between them
4.3.4 Interference : The hard part is to provide optical uplink service based on optical illumination. It occurs
because it can interfere the downlink signal. This problem is one of the challenge in the interference issue .
V. CONCLUSION
LiFi technology has great potential in wireless data transmission field. It has more scope for future
innovations and research instead of its still in its incipient stages. If Lifi technology is brought into practical use
every light bulb can be used as WiFi hotspot for transmitting wireless data. However it will allow internet
connection where WiFi is banned in some places such as aircrafts and operation theatres. Whereas one of the
shortcoming is that it works in direct line of sight only while LiFi is the future technology of data transmission.
As it is easy to generate light waves ,it has very advantages and can be easily implemented in the various fields.
Therefore the future application can be extended to various fields like traffic. The four key criteria that are used
are as follows: the system can provide bi-directional communication, Lifi can operate within a complex physical
environment, traffic and security information can be pushed to smartphones and system of audio-messaging is
developed to enable tourist and people to be guided.
Acknowledgements
This research paper was supported by Prof Pragati Mestry. We thank Viva School of MCA and our colleagues who provided insight and
expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all the conclusions of the paper.
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