This document provides an example of a simple business plan for a burger kiosk. It outlines the key elements that should be included in a business plan such as the organization and human resources plan, marketing plan, operations plan, and financial plan. For each element, examples are given that are specific to operating a burger kiosk. These include determining employee roles and salaries, identifying the target customer base and market size, establishing production needs and costs, and projecting sales and expenses. The goal is to demonstrate how to structure a basic business plan for a small, hypothetical business.
This document provides an overview of partnership law in Malaysia. It defines a partnership as a relation between persons carrying on business together with a view to profit. Key points include:
- Partnerships must be registered under relevant business acts, though failure to register does not necessarily invalidate the partnership.
- A partnership exists if the relationship between individuals has the business character of a partnership as defined in the Partnership Act 1961.
- Partners have duties to each other including sharing profits and losses equally, a duty to account and not compete with the firm.
- Partners are agents of each other and the firm and can bind the partnership through authorized acts. Liability extends to third parties for authorized acts.
-
This document provides an introduction to Malaysian taxation. It defines taxation as a compulsory contribution levied by the government to support public services. The background of taxation in Malaysia began with the Income Tax Ordinance in 1947 and Income Tax Act in 1967. Taxation law comes from statutes, case law, and the Malaysian Inland Revenue Board. Taxes are either direct, paid directly by taxpayers, or indirect, collected by third parties. The document outlines the types and purposes of taxes in Malaysia and distinguishes between tax avoidance, which uses legal means to reduce taxes, versus tax evasion, which uses illegal means.
MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM on civil & criminal exam notesFAROUQ
This document discusses preliminary matters in civil procedure regarding parties in an action. It covers requirements for parties such as being sui juris and compos mentis. It also discusses types of parties like individuals, firms, companies, deceased estates, and representatives. The document then discusses cause of action, locus standi, limitation periods, and commencing an action through a writ. It outlines the process for issuing, serving, renewing and substituting service of a writ, as well as timelines for appearance. The key information provided is on the requirements for valid parties in a civil action and the procedures for commencing a case through issuance and service of a writ.
1. The document discusses the key elements and principles of partnership law in Malaysia.
2. It outlines the definition of a partnership, elements required to form one, types of partners, and rules for determining if a partnership exists.
3. Key points covered include how sharing profits or assets alone does not create a partnership, the need for agreement and intention to carry on business together, and exceptions where receipt of profits does not make one a partner.
4. The summary also discusses an agent's authority to bind the partnership in dealings with outsiders, and cases that further explain partnership principles.
This document discusses key elements of contract formation under Malaysian law, including offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create a legal relationship, legal capacity, and free consent. It also discusses circumstances that can invalidate a contract such as misrepresentation, undue influence, and mistake. The document analyzes a hypothetical case regarding a minor entering into a contract and concludes the contract would be void due to lack of legal capacity. Relevant cases are also discussed.
Labi was instructed by Abu to sell his restaurant for not less than RM80,000. Lebah offered RM85,000 but Belalang persuaded Labi to sell to him for RM80,000 and give Labi RM3,000 side payment. Labi did not inform Abu of the higher offer and accepted Belalang's offer instead. Abu sued Labi for breaching his duties as an agent.
Terms can be implied in a contract in three ways: by custom or trade usage, by law, or by courts.
For a term to be implied by custom or trade usage, it must be reasonable, certain, and notorious within the relevant industry. The custom cannot contradict the express terms of the contract. Terms may also be implied by law through common law precedents or statutes that apply to certain types of contracts.
Courts use the business efficacy and officious bystander tests to determine if a term should be implied. Under business efficacy, a term will be implied if it is necessary to make the transaction effective. The officious bystander test considers whether the term is so obvious that both parties would
Here are the key points to consider in advising Goh Reng:
- A valid contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations.
- Goh Reng must make an offer to sell the factory to Ling Kup at a certain agreed price. Ling Kup must accept the offer.
- Consideration means something of value is exchanged by both parties. Ling Kup must pay an agreed price for the factory.
- The intention must be to create legal obligations, not just a social arrangement. Selling a factory is clearly intended to be legally binding.
- All terms must be clear and certain - e.g. price, what assets are included, completion date. Any vague terms
This document provides an overview of partnership law in Malaysia. It defines a partnership as a relation between persons carrying on business together with a view to profit. Key points include:
- Partnerships must be registered under relevant business acts, though failure to register does not necessarily invalidate the partnership.
- A partnership exists if the relationship between individuals has the business character of a partnership as defined in the Partnership Act 1961.
- Partners have duties to each other including sharing profits and losses equally, a duty to account and not compete with the firm.
- Partners are agents of each other and the firm and can bind the partnership through authorized acts. Liability extends to third parties for authorized acts.
-
This document provides an introduction to Malaysian taxation. It defines taxation as a compulsory contribution levied by the government to support public services. The background of taxation in Malaysia began with the Income Tax Ordinance in 1947 and Income Tax Act in 1967. Taxation law comes from statutes, case law, and the Malaysian Inland Revenue Board. Taxes are either direct, paid directly by taxpayers, or indirect, collected by third parties. The document outlines the types and purposes of taxes in Malaysia and distinguishes between tax avoidance, which uses legal means to reduce taxes, versus tax evasion, which uses illegal means.
MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM on civil & criminal exam notesFAROUQ
This document discusses preliminary matters in civil procedure regarding parties in an action. It covers requirements for parties such as being sui juris and compos mentis. It also discusses types of parties like individuals, firms, companies, deceased estates, and representatives. The document then discusses cause of action, locus standi, limitation periods, and commencing an action through a writ. It outlines the process for issuing, serving, renewing and substituting service of a writ, as well as timelines for appearance. The key information provided is on the requirements for valid parties in a civil action and the procedures for commencing a case through issuance and service of a writ.
1. The document discusses the key elements and principles of partnership law in Malaysia.
2. It outlines the definition of a partnership, elements required to form one, types of partners, and rules for determining if a partnership exists.
3. Key points covered include how sharing profits or assets alone does not create a partnership, the need for agreement and intention to carry on business together, and exceptions where receipt of profits does not make one a partner.
4. The summary also discusses an agent's authority to bind the partnership in dealings with outsiders, and cases that further explain partnership principles.
This document discusses key elements of contract formation under Malaysian law, including offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create a legal relationship, legal capacity, and free consent. It also discusses circumstances that can invalidate a contract such as misrepresentation, undue influence, and mistake. The document analyzes a hypothetical case regarding a minor entering into a contract and concludes the contract would be void due to lack of legal capacity. Relevant cases are also discussed.
Labi was instructed by Abu to sell his restaurant for not less than RM80,000. Lebah offered RM85,000 but Belalang persuaded Labi to sell to him for RM80,000 and give Labi RM3,000 side payment. Labi did not inform Abu of the higher offer and accepted Belalang's offer instead. Abu sued Labi for breaching his duties as an agent.
Terms can be implied in a contract in three ways: by custom or trade usage, by law, or by courts.
For a term to be implied by custom or trade usage, it must be reasonable, certain, and notorious within the relevant industry. The custom cannot contradict the express terms of the contract. Terms may also be implied by law through common law precedents or statutes that apply to certain types of contracts.
Courts use the business efficacy and officious bystander tests to determine if a term should be implied. Under business efficacy, a term will be implied if it is necessary to make the transaction effective. The officious bystander test considers whether the term is so obvious that both parties would
Here are the key points to consider in advising Goh Reng:
- A valid contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations.
- Goh Reng must make an offer to sell the factory to Ling Kup at a certain agreed price. Ling Kup must accept the offer.
- Consideration means something of value is exchanged by both parties. Ling Kup must pay an agreed price for the factory.
- The intention must be to create legal obligations, not just a social arrangement. Selling a factory is clearly intended to be legally binding.
- All terms must be clear and certain - e.g. price, what assets are included, completion date. Any vague terms
The document provides an overview of the analytical framework of contract law. It discusses the key elements in the formation of contracts, including offers, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. It also covers the requirements of certainty, completeness, and form in contracts. The document is divided into five parts that will examine how contracts are formed, the content of contracts, who can enforce contracts, how contracts can be destroyed, and how contracts come to an end or are discharged.
This document defines al-Wakalah as agency, representation or authorization, and discusses its evidence from the Quran and hadith. It outlines the pillars of al-Wakalah as the agent, principal and subject matter. It also discusses the types as limited or unlimited, and conditions related to the contracting parties and subject matter. Finally, it notes modern applications of al-Wakalah contracts in Islamic banking and finance instruments.
Underlying principles governing relationship between partnersIntan Muhammad
P/S : Hi, I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English). Secondly, as law revolves every day, there will be outdated parts in my notes. Two ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 coupled with your generosity to share with us, the LinkedIn users (hiks ^_^). Till then, have a nice day!
1) Mudarabah is a partnership agreement where one party provides capital while the other provides labor and management skills, with profits shared between the parties according to a predetermined ratio.
2) In mudarabah, the capital provider is called rabb-ul-maal and the manager is called the mudarib. The mudarib manages the business while the rabb-ul-maal does not interfere.
3) Mudarabah can be used by Islamic banks for investment purposes and financing projects, businesses, and private equity through profit-sharing with entrepreneurs. Deposits from customers to banks are treated as rabb-ul-maal funds to be invested by the bank as mudarib.
This document discusses the liability of strangers as constructive trustees under Malaysian law. It defines a stranger as a third party who is not appointed as a trustee but may incur liability if they receive or deal with trust property with actual or constructive notice of a breach of trust. There are three types of strangers: those not liable, innocent volunteers, and those liable as constructive trustees or "trustees de son tort." A person can be a trustee de son tort by intermeddling with trust matters or acting as a trustee without authority. Their liability depends on knowing receipt or dealing with trust property, or knowing assistance of a breach of trust. Over time, courts have taken different approaches to the knowledge and mental state required for stranger liability.
The document provides a sample exam with multiple choice questions testing knowledge of contract law and sale of goods ordinance concepts. It includes 15 questions related to topics like contract formation, capacity to contract, implied conditions in contracts of sale, duties of buyers/sellers, and intellectual property law. The questions require identifying the most accurate answer from several options provided in the answer booklet.
This document discusses the need for an effective coordination mechanism between the federal and state governments in Malaysia to promote good governance and achieve sustainable land administration. It proposes establishing a national agency to coordinate the development and maintenance of a single land database. The agency would be supervised by the National Land Council and federal Department of Land and Mines. Currently, land matters fall under state jurisdiction, which has implications for implementing land policies uniformly. The document analyzes Malaysia's existing land policy and governance framework and identifies weaknesses like fragmented institutions. It argues coordination is needed to develop a modern, globally competitive land administration system and achieve sustainable development goals.
Case Review: Mohd Hanafi Ramly vs Public ProsecutorASMAH CHE WAN
This document summarizes a case review of Mohd Hanafi Ramly vs Public Prosecutor from 2012. It discusses the facts of the case where a school teacher was found guilty of sexual offenses against a 10-year old student. The key issues were whether the victim understood the nature of testimony and if uncorroborated child evidence could be accepted, as well as if separate charges were appropriate for offenses in close proximity. The High Court upheld the convictions, finding that the offenses merited separate charges and the child's testimony was corroborated by witnesses. It dismissed the appeal, finding that the punishment fit the crimes and was necessary to deter similar acts.
Stefanie entered into a 5-year contract with Madam Dora to receive dance training. However, Stefanie was a minor at the time. Generally, contracts entered into by minors are void due to lack of capacity. There are exceptions for necessaries, beneficial contracts, and scholarships. While dance training could potentially fall under a beneficial contract exception, the contract imposed unreasonable restrictions on Stefanie like not allowing other engagements or marriage without consent. Based on past cases, such unreasonable provisions in a contract with a minor are not enforceable. Therefore, the contract between Stefanie and Madam Dora was void, and Stefanie would not be liable for its breach.
This document provides an overview of the Torrens land registration system in Malaysia and the key principles of registration of dealings under this system. It discusses how registration is the cornerstone of the Torrens system and how it aims to overcome the defects of the previous deeds system. It outlines the types of dealings that can and cannot be registered, and explains the requirements and process for valid registration. Key topics covered include the duties of the registrar, effects of registration and unregistered dealings, and how errors are corrected in the register. The overall purpose is to explain how registration confers indefeasible title under the Torrens system.
Non-bank financial intermediaries in Malaysia include development financial institutions, saving institutions, employee provident and pension funds, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries such as factoring companies. Development financial institutions provide medium and long-term financing for projects in specific sectors to promote development goals. Saving institutions such as the National Savings Bank mobilize savings from middle and lower income groups. Employee provident funds such as the Employees Provident Fund provide retirement benefits and help mobilize long-term savings.
This document discusses and analyzes the legal defense of necessity in response to the quote "Necessity is never a defence to murder." It summarizes the leading case of Dudley and Stephens (1884) where necessity was not accepted as a defense for murder. It argues that the word "never" is too absolute given that future circumstances may warrant allowing necessity as a defense. It provides a hypothetical example where necessity would be a valid defense to save many lives at the cost of one. The document concludes that judges should consider necessity defenses on a case-by-case basis rather than having an absolute rule.
This document provides an overview of Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT) in Malaysia. Key points include:
- RPGT is a tax on capital gains from the disposal of real estate properties and shares in real property companies.
- The tax rates depend on how long the property was held, with higher rates for disposals within 2-5 years. Exemptions exist for primary residences and disposals after 5 years.
- Chargeable gains are calculated as the difference between the disposal price and acquisition price, with various additions and deductions to both prices defined.
- RPGT applies to individuals, companies, and other entities and persons defined as "chargeable persons" when they dispose of real
The document summarizes two legal cases from a Malaysian business law course. The first case discusses the will of Tan Soh Sim who died without a will. Her legal next-of-kin signed a document giving her estate to her four adopted children and second wife. The court found the document invalid as the adopted children were not in near relation to the next-of-kin according to Chinese custom. The second case discusses Ventaka Chinnaya Rau Garu vs. Venkataramaya but no details are provided. The document provides facts, issues, principles, decisions and commentary for the first case and references for a business law course assignment.
This document discusses the concept of Musharakah, which is an Islamic form of partnership or joint venture. It defines Musharakah, discusses its evidence in the Quran and Hadith, outlines its key pillars and types. It also covers the conditions of Musharakah partnerships, examples like Musharakah Mutanaqisah, and its modern applications.
2016 DFE3613 Chapter 8 Business Support SystemLaura Law
This document discusses business support systems in Malaysia. It outlines the objectives of describing support services available for entrepreneurs, identifying relevant government ministries and agencies, and describing assistance schemes. Types of support discussed include infrastructure support through business incubators, and financial support through government funding agencies and programs that provide loans, grants and other financing. Capability enhancement services are also provided, such as training, marketing, technical and R&D assistance.
Production and Operation Management (POM) involves managing the processes that convert inputs like raw materials, labor, capital, and management into finished goods and services. POM is concerned with planning and overseeing manufacturing and service delivery processes to efficiently produce quality outputs that meet customer needs. POM aims to create value for customers and stakeholders by optimizing production processes. Whether manufacturing tangible goods or providing intangible services, effective POM is key to transforming inputs into high-quality, cost-effective outputs.
The document provides an overview of the analytical framework of contract law. It discusses the key elements in the formation of contracts, including offers, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. It also covers the requirements of certainty, completeness, and form in contracts. The document is divided into five parts that will examine how contracts are formed, the content of contracts, who can enforce contracts, how contracts can be destroyed, and how contracts come to an end or are discharged.
This document defines al-Wakalah as agency, representation or authorization, and discusses its evidence from the Quran and hadith. It outlines the pillars of al-Wakalah as the agent, principal and subject matter. It also discusses the types as limited or unlimited, and conditions related to the contracting parties and subject matter. Finally, it notes modern applications of al-Wakalah contracts in Islamic banking and finance instruments.
Underlying principles governing relationship between partnersIntan Muhammad
P/S : Hi, I am sharing my personal notes of law-related subjects. Some parts of them are explained in a very informal-relaxed way and mix of languages (BM and English). Secondly, as law revolves every day, there will be outdated parts in my notes. Two ways of handling it.. (1) double check with the latest law and keep it to yourself (2) same with No. 1 coupled with your generosity to share with us, the LinkedIn users (hiks ^_^). Till then, have a nice day!
1) Mudarabah is a partnership agreement where one party provides capital while the other provides labor and management skills, with profits shared between the parties according to a predetermined ratio.
2) In mudarabah, the capital provider is called rabb-ul-maal and the manager is called the mudarib. The mudarib manages the business while the rabb-ul-maal does not interfere.
3) Mudarabah can be used by Islamic banks for investment purposes and financing projects, businesses, and private equity through profit-sharing with entrepreneurs. Deposits from customers to banks are treated as rabb-ul-maal funds to be invested by the bank as mudarib.
This document discusses the liability of strangers as constructive trustees under Malaysian law. It defines a stranger as a third party who is not appointed as a trustee but may incur liability if they receive or deal with trust property with actual or constructive notice of a breach of trust. There are three types of strangers: those not liable, innocent volunteers, and those liable as constructive trustees or "trustees de son tort." A person can be a trustee de son tort by intermeddling with trust matters or acting as a trustee without authority. Their liability depends on knowing receipt or dealing with trust property, or knowing assistance of a breach of trust. Over time, courts have taken different approaches to the knowledge and mental state required for stranger liability.
The document provides a sample exam with multiple choice questions testing knowledge of contract law and sale of goods ordinance concepts. It includes 15 questions related to topics like contract formation, capacity to contract, implied conditions in contracts of sale, duties of buyers/sellers, and intellectual property law. The questions require identifying the most accurate answer from several options provided in the answer booklet.
This document discusses the need for an effective coordination mechanism between the federal and state governments in Malaysia to promote good governance and achieve sustainable land administration. It proposes establishing a national agency to coordinate the development and maintenance of a single land database. The agency would be supervised by the National Land Council and federal Department of Land and Mines. Currently, land matters fall under state jurisdiction, which has implications for implementing land policies uniformly. The document analyzes Malaysia's existing land policy and governance framework and identifies weaknesses like fragmented institutions. It argues coordination is needed to develop a modern, globally competitive land administration system and achieve sustainable development goals.
Case Review: Mohd Hanafi Ramly vs Public ProsecutorASMAH CHE WAN
This document summarizes a case review of Mohd Hanafi Ramly vs Public Prosecutor from 2012. It discusses the facts of the case where a school teacher was found guilty of sexual offenses against a 10-year old student. The key issues were whether the victim understood the nature of testimony and if uncorroborated child evidence could be accepted, as well as if separate charges were appropriate for offenses in close proximity. The High Court upheld the convictions, finding that the offenses merited separate charges and the child's testimony was corroborated by witnesses. It dismissed the appeal, finding that the punishment fit the crimes and was necessary to deter similar acts.
Stefanie entered into a 5-year contract with Madam Dora to receive dance training. However, Stefanie was a minor at the time. Generally, contracts entered into by minors are void due to lack of capacity. There are exceptions for necessaries, beneficial contracts, and scholarships. While dance training could potentially fall under a beneficial contract exception, the contract imposed unreasonable restrictions on Stefanie like not allowing other engagements or marriage without consent. Based on past cases, such unreasonable provisions in a contract with a minor are not enforceable. Therefore, the contract between Stefanie and Madam Dora was void, and Stefanie would not be liable for its breach.
This document provides an overview of the Torrens land registration system in Malaysia and the key principles of registration of dealings under this system. It discusses how registration is the cornerstone of the Torrens system and how it aims to overcome the defects of the previous deeds system. It outlines the types of dealings that can and cannot be registered, and explains the requirements and process for valid registration. Key topics covered include the duties of the registrar, effects of registration and unregistered dealings, and how errors are corrected in the register. The overall purpose is to explain how registration confers indefeasible title under the Torrens system.
Non-bank financial intermediaries in Malaysia include development financial institutions, saving institutions, employee provident and pension funds, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries such as factoring companies. Development financial institutions provide medium and long-term financing for projects in specific sectors to promote development goals. Saving institutions such as the National Savings Bank mobilize savings from middle and lower income groups. Employee provident funds such as the Employees Provident Fund provide retirement benefits and help mobilize long-term savings.
This document discusses and analyzes the legal defense of necessity in response to the quote "Necessity is never a defence to murder." It summarizes the leading case of Dudley and Stephens (1884) where necessity was not accepted as a defense for murder. It argues that the word "never" is too absolute given that future circumstances may warrant allowing necessity as a defense. It provides a hypothetical example where necessity would be a valid defense to save many lives at the cost of one. The document concludes that judges should consider necessity defenses on a case-by-case basis rather than having an absolute rule.
This document provides an overview of Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT) in Malaysia. Key points include:
- RPGT is a tax on capital gains from the disposal of real estate properties and shares in real property companies.
- The tax rates depend on how long the property was held, with higher rates for disposals within 2-5 years. Exemptions exist for primary residences and disposals after 5 years.
- Chargeable gains are calculated as the difference between the disposal price and acquisition price, with various additions and deductions to both prices defined.
- RPGT applies to individuals, companies, and other entities and persons defined as "chargeable persons" when they dispose of real
The document summarizes two legal cases from a Malaysian business law course. The first case discusses the will of Tan Soh Sim who died without a will. Her legal next-of-kin signed a document giving her estate to her four adopted children and second wife. The court found the document invalid as the adopted children were not in near relation to the next-of-kin according to Chinese custom. The second case discusses Ventaka Chinnaya Rau Garu vs. Venkataramaya but no details are provided. The document provides facts, issues, principles, decisions and commentary for the first case and references for a business law course assignment.
This document discusses the concept of Musharakah, which is an Islamic form of partnership or joint venture. It defines Musharakah, discusses its evidence in the Quran and Hadith, outlines its key pillars and types. It also covers the conditions of Musharakah partnerships, examples like Musharakah Mutanaqisah, and its modern applications.
2016 DFE3613 Chapter 8 Business Support SystemLaura Law
This document discusses business support systems in Malaysia. It outlines the objectives of describing support services available for entrepreneurs, identifying relevant government ministries and agencies, and describing assistance schemes. Types of support discussed include infrastructure support through business incubators, and financial support through government funding agencies and programs that provide loans, grants and other financing. Capability enhancement services are also provided, such as training, marketing, technical and R&D assistance.
Production and Operation Management (POM) involves managing the processes that convert inputs like raw materials, labor, capital, and management into finished goods and services. POM is concerned with planning and overseeing manufacturing and service delivery processes to efficiently produce quality outputs that meet customer needs. POM aims to create value for customers and stakeholders by optimizing production processes. Whether manufacturing tangible goods or providing intangible services, effective POM is key to transforming inputs into high-quality, cost-effective outputs.
The document discusses future prospects for production and operations management. Globalization and computerization have led to increased competition as manufacturing organizations are replaced by service organizations providing over 70% of the world's companies. Production and operations management will play a crucial role in helping organizations adapt to intense competition, time-based strategies, and changing business environments. Flexibility, quality, research and development, and e-commerce will be increasingly important for production systems.
This document provides a course of contents for a Production and Operation Management course. It outlines 10 chapters that will be covered: 1) Concepts of production, forecasting and decision making; 2) Designing products, processes and services; 3) Facility location and layout planning; 4) Conversion processes; 5) Production planning and scheduling; 6) Inventory control and material requirement planning; 7) Managing for quality; 8) Maintenance management; 9) Productivity management; and 10) Improving productivity, quality and competitiveness through techniques like Just in Time, Total Quality Management, and flexible manufacturing systems. The course will include numerical problems related to topics like linear programming, transportation, queuing theory and networking. Students will be asked
The document discusses the system approach of production functions. It states that a production function is a system comprised of various sub-systems that work together, including inputs, conversion processes, outputs, random fluctuations, and feedback. Inputs are resources that enter the production system like materials, labor, capital and time. These inputs go through a conversion process where their utility and economic value are increased. The outputs of the system are the goods and services produced. Random fluctuations are unplanned events that can influence production. Feedback is the system's control mechanism that helps adjust activities based on goals and results.
Product development is the process of taking a concept and making it into a product that can be brought to market. It involves taking an idea through research, design, prototyping, testing, refinement, and commercialization. The key stages of product development typically include:
1. Idea generation - Coming up with ideas for new products or improvements to existing products. This can come from customer feedback, market research, or within a company.
2. Concept development - Turning ideas into tangible product concepts through research, design, engineering, and prototyping.
3. Testing and refinement - Evaluating concepts through various tests, focus groups, surveys, and trials to refine and improve the product.
4. Commercialization -
Production sysem and interaction with other sub systemsBirodh Adhikari
The production system interacts with other organizational subsystems and is influenced by external factors. It is closely connected to functions like finance, marketing, engineering, research and development, purchasing, and human resource management. These internal components technically support production and help ensure qualified materials are provided reliably. Externally, socioeconomic, political, legal, technological, demographic, and competitive conditions can create opportunities and threats. The production management system must consider these internal and external interactions to achieve organizational goals and satisfy customers and stakeholders.
Operation and production management has evolved over centuries from early manufacturing management concepts to current practices. Originally focused on manufacturing, it grew to include services and new approaches like just-in-time systems, total quality management, and supply chain management. Operation management now encompasses all business functions and aims to efficiently transform resources into products and services through processes like minimizing waste and increasing flexibility.
Production/operations management (POM) involves planning, organizing, and controlling the production process. As part of management, the key functions of POM are to optimize resource utilization, make decisions about production, and ensure goals are aligned with the overall organization's strategy. The POM manager seeks to effectively plan, organize, control, and model human behavior during the conversion of raw materials into finished goods.
The document discusses facility location planning. It defines facility location as selecting the specific site for establishing a production process. The selection of location is important as it is a long-term decision that impacts costs and profits. Several factors must be considered in choosing a location, including availability of materials, labor, transportation and climate. The document outlines the general procedures for facility location, which includes preliminary screening of options followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of remaining alternatives to determine the best site. Behavioral factors like cultural differences and job satisfaction that also influence location selection are also discussed.
The document discusses the importance of a business plan for entrepreneurs. It notes that a business plan outlines the execution plan for an organization, including details on administration, human resources, marketing, production, and financial plans. It allows entrepreneurs to determine if a project is viable or needs modification. The document then provides an example business plan for a burger kiosk to demonstrate key elements that should be included in a plan, such as organization structure, marketing strategy, production process, and financial projections.
This chapter discusses key concepts in marketing including defining marketing as directing the flow of goods from producer to consumer. It covers the evolution of marketing concepts from production to marketing concepts. It also outlines the key elements of the marketing mix including product, price, place and promotion strategies. Finally, it discusses the micro and macro environmental factors that influence marketing and the role of marketing research in gathering and analyzing market information.
The document discusses business ideas and opportunities for entrepreneurship. It defines business ideas as concepts that can be turned into profitable products or services. Sources of ideas are primary like observation or interviews, and secondary like media. The process of analyzing opportunities involves recognizing customer needs, scanning the environment, studying resources, and self-assessment of one's experience, knowledge, skills and finances. Guidelines for choosing an idea include researching competition and risks, and ensuring the legality and capital requirements for the idea are met. Approaches to finding ideas are also discussed.
2016 DFE3613 Chapter 6 Opportunity IdentificationLaura Law
This document discusses opportunity identification for entrepreneurship. It outlines objectives of understanding viable business opportunities by analyzing trends and variables in the environment. Students should be able to identify opportunities, apply analytical tools like SWOT analysis, and develop new business models. The document provides examples of sources of business ideas and guidelines for screening, analyzing, and selecting opportunities, including considering an entrepreneur's characteristics, knowledge, resources, and the market environment.
This document provides guidance on developing a business plan, including:
1. The business plan outlines the business concept, market opportunity, management team, and financial projections.
2. Developing a business plan is important to get integrated view of the business, secure financing, and understand financial requirements.
3. Key elements of a business plan include executive summary, company and industry overview, products/services, marketing plan, management team, and financial projections.
This document discusses the importance of entrepreneurship and factors affecting entrepreneurship. It states that the objectives are to provide an understanding of the importance of entrepreneurship in a free market economy and describe factors influencing individual interest in entrepreneurship. Key points made include that entrepreneurship creates opportunities, stimulates the economy, and promotes innovation. Factors mentioned as affecting entrepreneurial activity include personal attributes like aspiration, as well as environmental influences such as political, socio-cultural, economic, and legal conditions.
This document discusses accounting concepts and financial statements. It defines accounting as identifying, classifying, recording and summarizing business transactions to enable informed decision making. Accounting differs from bookkeeping by also including interpretation and communication. Financial accounting focuses on external reporting while management accounting supports internal users. Key financial statements are the income statement and balance sheet.
The document discusses theories of entrepreneurship. It covers innovation theory proposed by Joseph Schumpeter, who saw entrepreneurs as innovators who introduce new combinations to disrupt existing market equilibrium. It also discusses McClelland's need for achievement theory, which posits that entrepreneurs are driven by a need to achieve and succeed rather than external incentives like money. The document outlines different definitions of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneur, and examines the entrepreneurial process and importance of entrepreneurship to economic development.
This business plan outline provides guidance for entrepreneurs seeking to develop an irrigation-based agricultural project under Namibia's Green Scheme Policy. The plan should include an executive summary highlighting the business concept, products/services, objectives, ownership structure, funding needs, market opportunity, and socioeconomic benefits. It then covers the organization's mission, goals, background industry information, legal structure, farming model, management team, and financial projections. The goal is to present a comprehensive roadmap for a successful irrigation farming enterprise that incorporates small-scale farmers and benefits local communities in line with government policies.
Company Opening Road Map Proposal PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
If your company needs to submit a Company Opening Road Map Proposal PowerPoint Presentation Slides look no further. Our researchers have analyzed thousands of proposals on this topic for effectiveness and conversion. Just download our template, add your company data and submit to your client for a positive response. https://bit.ly/3gjPDD8
Ralph Adesola Olufemi's resume spans 3 sentences summarizing his professional experience, qualifications, and skills. He has over 14 years of experience in print production management, including roles as Account Manager at Point Print Management Nigeria Limited and Chief Operating Officer at Castello Integrated Resources Nig. Ltd. He holds an MBA from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and a B.Tech in Industrial Design from the Federal University of Technology Akure, with skills in project management, production planning, client relations, and computer software.
Mohit Sehgal has 8 years of experience in sales, marketing, and service management in the automobile industry. He is currently a Territory Leader at CEAT Ltd, where he is responsible for setting up dealer networks, achieving sales targets, and providing customer service. Previously, he worked as Head of Operations at Climax Udyog, where he oversaw production planning and coordination, and as a Planning and Production Engineer at InTop Projects. He holds a B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering and is proficient in English, Hindi, MS Office, AutoCAD, and PRO-E.
Maria A. van Zyl is seeking a managerial position in an educational or training environment. She has over 25 years of experience in business development, sales, marketing, and training. Her most recent roles include Business Development Consultant for Sage ERP X3 at Deloitte, and she holds a Bachelor's degree in Physical Education from the University of Stellenbosch.
Thanathorn Trongsittivito has over 20 years of experience in sales, business development, operations and project management. He has held various leadership roles at major companies including Linde Group, WP Energy and Porsook Company. His resume highlights his educational background, work experience, roles and responsibilities at each company with a focus on achieving sales targets and growing business.
This document is Michael Page Engineering & Manufacturing's 2014 salary survey for Turkey. It provides an overview of the company and introduces the survey's index, which lists various engineering and manufacturing positions. For each position, the survey will give details on trends, career evolutions, and expected salaries in Turkey. The preliminary notes section outlines Michael Page's expertise in recruiting for technical roles and how they conducted research for the survey.
The Business Plan: Creating and Starting the Venturegohar321
The document discusses the importance of a business plan for starting a new venture. It explains that a business plan provides guidance, helps determine viability, and is an important tool for obtaining financing. The business plan should integrate functional plans like marketing, finance, and HR. It should be prepared by the entrepreneur with input from advisors and consider the perspectives of entrepreneurs, investors, and lenders. Potential lenders and investors will evaluate characteristics like the management team, product, resources, and financial projections presented in the business plan. Developing thorough information on market opportunities, production needs, and financial forecasts is essential for the business plan.
Nidhal Samdaie / International Business Consultant / Nidhal Samdaie's CV.pdfNidhal Samdaie
Nidhal Samdaie's CV spans 5 pages and details his extensive experience in sales, marketing, and business development roles across multiple industries and countries in the MENA region over 23 years. The CV highlights his roles leading international business expansion, establishing new company branches, and increasing sales volumes by 250%. It also lists his educational background, languages, certifications, and skills including strategic thinking, planning, communication, and analytics.
Oluwaseun Emmanuel Iyanda has over 9 years of experience in sales, operations, procurement, logistics, and supply chain management for industrial equipment and spare parts in West Africa. He has worked as Head of Business for Deepee Industrials Limited, Business Development Manager for Telinno Consulting in Ghana, and Assistant National Sales Manager for ERIKS Industrial Services Nigeria Limited. His experience spans various sectors including mining, construction, food and beverage, FMCG, agro-allied, oil and gas, and engineering. He holds an MBA in management and a bachelor's degree in computer science and mathematics.
Ghazanfar Azeem is an experienced sales professional with over 14 years of experience managing key customers and exploring new business opportunities, most recently as Assistant Manager of Sales at Makkays where he is responsible for generating revenue and achieving sales targets. He has a background in banking and holds an MBA with skills in communication, customer focus, and continuous improvement. The document provides his contact information, experience, qualifications, and a detailed list of responsibilities from his various roles.
Similar to 2016 DFE3613 Chapter 7 Business Plan (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.