1) The document discusses the application of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete to precast elements. It focuses on several Japanese building projects that used advanced concrete materials including ultra-high strength fiber reinforced concrete (UFC) and high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC).
2) One notable example is the Park City Musashi Kosugi residential tower completed in 2009, which set a world record with a concrete compressive strength of 150 MPa enabled by the use of silica fume and high-range water reducers. Steel fibers prevented cracking and spalling of the ultra-high strength concrete.
3) The document outlines different classes of fiber reinforced cementitious composites and their mechanical behaviors. Standards
This document provides examples of precast and prestressed concrete structures including:
1. A design example of the connection between a precast half beam unit and a cast-in-place floor slab involving shear design.
2. An example of a 38-story precast reinforced concrete residential building constructed in 17 months using precast elements.
3. An example of a 5-story precast reinforced concrete warehouse building that includes base isolation.
4. An example of an 8-story precast prestressed concrete office building in Hokkaido with seismic energy dissipation provided by column hinges, oil dampers, and ultra-low yield steel coupling beams.
This document discusses structural design and construction practices for precast concrete buildings in Japan. It begins by outlining Japan's seismic design methods, which have evolved based on lessons from major earthquakes. It then discusses requirements for precast structures to achieve equivalent performance to monolithic construction through testing. This includes achieving similar strength, ductility, deformation, energy dissipation and other behaviors. Design equations for interface shear capacity are also presented.
This document discusses prestressed concrete and provides details on:
- The definition and principle of prestressing concrete by applying compression prior to external loads
- Common prestressing methods like hydraulic, mechanical, electrical, and chemical prestressing
- Tests conducted on prestressed concrete components like post-tensioned splices and cast-in-place splices
- Advantages of prestressed concrete like reduced materials and increased strength
- Applications in bridges, buildings, water tanks, and more
- A case study on widening the Harrods Creek Arch Bridge using prestressed concrete
This document discusses prestressed concrete bridges. It begins with definitions of prestressed concrete as concrete with internal stresses introduced to counteract external loads. It then provides a brief history of prestressed concrete, noting key innovators. Examples of prestressed concrete bridges in India are given, including the famous Pamban Road Bridge. The document goes on to explain the basic principles, terminology, types, and methods of prestressing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of prestressed concrete.
This document provides an introduction to prestressing in concrete structures. It defines prestressing as preloading a structure before design loads are applied to improve performance. The objectives of prestressing are to control or eliminate tensile stresses and cracking in concrete, control deflection, and allow use of high-strength materials. Benefits include improved concrete performance, longer spans, and innovative designs. Methods include pretensioning and post-tensioning. Post-tensioning involves tensioning tendons after casting and grouting the ducts. Different profiles and materials for prestressing steel are discussed. The Hognestad model is presented for modeling concrete stress-strain behavior.
This document section describes design considerations for precast pretensioned concrete girders. It discusses typical girder sections and common span ranges. The key stages in precast girder design are described as transfer (when prestressing force is transferred to the concrete), service (when self-weight and permanent loads are considered), and ultimate (to resist factored loads). Three stages of stress development are discussed: transfer when prestressing occurs, stage IIA when the girder is erected and before the composite deck is cured, and stage IIB when the composite section develops. Standard precast girder types used in California include I-girders, bulb-tees, bath-tubs, and wide-flange sections,
Pre-stressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Pre-stressing tendons (generally of high tensile steel cable or rods) are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that balances the tensile stress that the concrete compression member would otherwise experience due to a bending load. The pre-stressing force offsets the tensile stress and eliminates the tensile strain allowing the beam to resist further higher loading or to span longer distance.
This document summarizes research on post-tensioning in buildings. It details the history of post-tensioning from its origins in the 1940s-1950s to its use in the first high-rise building with post-tensioned slabs in 1956. The document then discusses the benefits of post-tensioned slabs and methodology used in the research, including monitoring a construction site. Test results are presented analyzing properties of post-tensioned concrete mixes. The research concludes that post-tensioned slabs provide construction speed and cost benefits compared to reinforced concrete.
This document provides examples of precast and prestressed concrete structures including:
1. A design example of the connection between a precast half beam unit and a cast-in-place floor slab involving shear design.
2. An example of a 38-story precast reinforced concrete residential building constructed in 17 months using precast elements.
3. An example of a 5-story precast reinforced concrete warehouse building that includes base isolation.
4. An example of an 8-story precast prestressed concrete office building in Hokkaido with seismic energy dissipation provided by column hinges, oil dampers, and ultra-low yield steel coupling beams.
This document discusses structural design and construction practices for precast concrete buildings in Japan. It begins by outlining Japan's seismic design methods, which have evolved based on lessons from major earthquakes. It then discusses requirements for precast structures to achieve equivalent performance to monolithic construction through testing. This includes achieving similar strength, ductility, deformation, energy dissipation and other behaviors. Design equations for interface shear capacity are also presented.
This document discusses prestressed concrete and provides details on:
- The definition and principle of prestressing concrete by applying compression prior to external loads
- Common prestressing methods like hydraulic, mechanical, electrical, and chemical prestressing
- Tests conducted on prestressed concrete components like post-tensioned splices and cast-in-place splices
- Advantages of prestressed concrete like reduced materials and increased strength
- Applications in bridges, buildings, water tanks, and more
- A case study on widening the Harrods Creek Arch Bridge using prestressed concrete
This document discusses prestressed concrete bridges. It begins with definitions of prestressed concrete as concrete with internal stresses introduced to counteract external loads. It then provides a brief history of prestressed concrete, noting key innovators. Examples of prestressed concrete bridges in India are given, including the famous Pamban Road Bridge. The document goes on to explain the basic principles, terminology, types, and methods of prestressing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of prestressed concrete.
This document provides an introduction to prestressing in concrete structures. It defines prestressing as preloading a structure before design loads are applied to improve performance. The objectives of prestressing are to control or eliminate tensile stresses and cracking in concrete, control deflection, and allow use of high-strength materials. Benefits include improved concrete performance, longer spans, and innovative designs. Methods include pretensioning and post-tensioning. Post-tensioning involves tensioning tendons after casting and grouting the ducts. Different profiles and materials for prestressing steel are discussed. The Hognestad model is presented for modeling concrete stress-strain behavior.
This document section describes design considerations for precast pretensioned concrete girders. It discusses typical girder sections and common span ranges. The key stages in precast girder design are described as transfer (when prestressing force is transferred to the concrete), service (when self-weight and permanent loads are considered), and ultimate (to resist factored loads). Three stages of stress development are discussed: transfer when prestressing occurs, stage IIA when the girder is erected and before the composite deck is cured, and stage IIB when the composite section develops. Standard precast girder types used in California include I-girders, bulb-tees, bath-tubs, and wide-flange sections,
Pre-stressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Pre-stressing tendons (generally of high tensile steel cable or rods) are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that balances the tensile stress that the concrete compression member would otherwise experience due to a bending load. The pre-stressing force offsets the tensile stress and eliminates the tensile strain allowing the beam to resist further higher loading or to span longer distance.
This document summarizes research on post-tensioning in buildings. It details the history of post-tensioning from its origins in the 1940s-1950s to its use in the first high-rise building with post-tensioned slabs in 1956. The document then discusses the benefits of post-tensioned slabs and methodology used in the research, including monitoring a construction site. Test results are presented analyzing properties of post-tensioned concrete mixes. The research concludes that post-tensioned slabs provide construction speed and cost benefits compared to reinforced concrete.
This document provides an introduction to prestressed concrete bridge design. It discusses how prestressing concrete induces compression to counteract tensile stresses from loading. Prestressed concrete allows for longer concrete bridge spans through precasting units that are lifted into place. The document covers methods of prestressing including pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. It also summarizes design considerations like serviceability limits, stress limitations, prestress losses, and establishes basic inequalities for prestress force and section properties. Magnel diagrams are introduced as a way to determine appropriate prestress force and eccentricity values.
Post-tensioning is simply a method of producing prestressed concrete, masonry, and other structural elements. Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed (pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast, prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured. Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.
Prestressing Concept, Materials and Prestressing System - Section B, Group 1সাফকাত অরিন
This document provides an overview of prestressing concepts, materials, and systems. It discusses the basic concepts of prestressing including transforming concrete into an elastic material, combining high-strength steel with concrete, and achieving load balancing. The document describes the advantages and limitations of prestressing. It also summarizes the different types of prestressing in terms of the source of prestressing force, whether it is external or internal, pre-tensioned or post-tensioned, linear or circular, full or partial, and uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. Finally, it discusses prestressing materials including concrete, aggregate, cement, water, admixtures, grout, and prestressing steel.
The document provides a construction sequence and progress report for post-tensioned slabs at a project site. It includes 33 entries with dates ranging from October 11-31, 2017 documenting steps like bottom shuttering, reinforcement, tendon layout, duct laying, profiles, stressing, grouting, and concreting. Various quality checks and recommendations are provided for drawings, profiles, stressing, and grouting. Calculations, checklists, dos and don'ts are also outlined.
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which uses tensioned steel cables or bars to put concrete members into compression and increase their strength. It describes three main methods: pre-tensioned concrete where the steel is tensioned before the concrete is cast; bonded post-tensioned concrete where steel is tensioned after casting to compress the concrete; and unbonded post-tensioned concrete where greased steel is used to allow individual adjustment. Applications include buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors and earthquake resistant structures. Advantages are lower costs, thinner members, and increased spans.
Shear, bond bearing,camber & deflection in prestressed concreteMAHFUZUR RAHMAN
This Presentation was presented as a partial fulfillment of Prestressed Concrete Design Lab Course. Behavior & Design of Prestress on above topic is shortly discussed on the presentation. The part "Shear & Shear Design in Prestressed" Concrete was prepared by me. Other topics were prepared by other members of my group. Thanks to all my teachers & friends who helped us in different stages during preparation of the total presentation.
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which involves introducing stresses to counteract stresses from loads and keep the concrete in compression. Tendons made of high-strength steel wires or cables are tensioned before or after the concrete is cast to prestress it. This increases strength and durability while reducing cracking. Common applications include beams, bridges, tanks, and railway sleepers. Post-tensioning involves casting then stressing tendons in ducts, while pre-tensioning tensions tendons before casting. Prestressing introduces forces that improve load capacity and serviceability.
Post-Tension Concrete - Info session for ContractorsAMSYSCO Inc.
This presentation is to help General and Concrete Contractors manage construction projects that use Post-Tensioned Concrete.
1. Intro to Post-Tension
2. Components of Post-Tension
3. Construction Team
4. Submittals
5. Pre-Installation
6. Installation Management
7. Post-Concrete Placement
8. Troubleshooting
In post-tensioning systems
the ducts for the tendons (or strands) are placed along with the reinforcement before the casting of concrete. The tendons are placed in the ducts
after the casting of concrete. The duct prevents contact between concrete and the
tendons during the tension operation.
Unlike pre-tension
the tendons are pulled with the reaction acting against the hardened concrete.
if the ducts are filled with grout
then it is known as bonded post-tension.
The grout is a neat cement paste or a sand-cement mortar containing suitable admixture. The
grouting operation is discussed later in the section.
Grouting
Grouting can be defined as the filling of duct, with a material
that provides an anti corrosive alkaline environment to the
prestressing steel and alsoa strong bond between
the tendon and the surrounding grout.
The major part of grout
comprises of water and cement, with a water-to
-cement ratio of about 0.5, together with some water-reducing admixtures, expansion agent
In unbonded post-tensioning,
as the name suggests, the ducts are never grouted and
the tendon is held in tension solely by the end anchorages.
The various stages of the post-tensioning operation
are summarised as follows.
1) Casting of concrete.
2) Placement of the tendons.
3) Placement of the anchorage block and jack.
4) Applying tension to the tendons.
5) Seating of the wedges.
6) Cutting of the tendon
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
Prestressed concrete uses high-strength steel tendons or cables to put concrete members into compression prior to stresses from service loads being applied. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loading and improves the behavior of the concrete. There are two main methods - pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before concrete is cast, while post-tensioning stresses steel tendons after the concrete has hardened. Losses in prestress over time include elastic shortening, anchorage slip, friction, creep, shrinkage, and steel relaxation. Proper material selection and design can minimize these losses and optimize the performance of prestressed concrete.
Prestressed concrete is a combination of steel and concrete that uses compressive stresses applied during construction to oppose tensile stresses that occur in use. There are three main types: pre-tensioned concrete uses steel tendons tensioned before concrete is placed; bonded post-tensioned concrete uses unstressed steel placed then tensioned after curing; and unbonded post-tensioned concrete provides freedom of movement between steel and concrete. Pre-tensioned concrete requires molds that can resist internal forces and calculations to account for losses over time. Prestressed concrete provides benefits like reduced cracking and corrosion, higher strength, and more economical construction for bridges compared to steel.
This document discusses methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before concrete is poured around them. Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons inserted into voids in cured concrete using jacks. Both methods put the concrete in compression and improve its tensile strength. Common applications include building floors/roofs, bridges, and parking structures.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN ASPECTS OF PRE-STRESSED MEMBERS USING F.R.P. TENDONSGirish Singh
The purpose of this investigation is mainly a brief explanation about the advantages of FRP over steel. The various uses and advantages of FRP are explained in this project. In this project, we have taken a section of 3m length, 200mm width and 300mm depth and using a parabolic tendon of eccentricity 100mm at the centre. We have design the section for FRP as well as steel with the above data. The final stresses obtained is being verified with the help of Ansys software. We have shown the result of steel straight tendon only in this mini project.
The document provides information on methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. It discusses:
- Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before the concrete is cast around them.
- Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons after the concrete has cured using jacks, then grouting the voids.
- Both methods put the concrete in compression and increase its strength and durability compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
This document discusses prestressed concrete and defines key terms like pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stretching steel tendons before concrete is poured, while post-tensioning stretches steel inserted into hardened concrete. The document covers advantages of prestressing like reduced cracking and member sizes. It also discusses design considerations like prestress losses from shrinkage, creep, and relaxation. Both pretensioning and post-tensioning methods are outlined, along with tendon types like bars, wires, and strands.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
Regarding basics of prestressed such as inventor, types of prestressing systems, methods of prestressing, types of grouting, types of cables used for prestressed structure and method of construction etc..
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which involves applying an initial compressive load to concrete before it experiences tensile stresses from use. Prestressing concrete improves its strength in tension. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete uses steel tendons that are tensioned before the concrete is cast around them, while post-tensioned concrete uses tendons tensioned after the concrete is cast. Prestressing concrete allows for longer spans and greater loads than ordinary reinforced concrete.
Este documento analiza las necesidades y consideraciones para elegir el método constructivo apropiado para pisos industriales. Describe los usos potenciales como salas de venta, plantas de procesamiento, cámaras frigoríficas y centros de distribución. También considera el tipo de carga, equipos, estibas y grúas, así como el tránsito. Analiza factores como la estabilidad de juntas, transferencia de carga, tolerancias y daños potenciales. Finalmente, revisa opciones constructivas como pisos convencional
Este documento describe diferentes métodos para medir la planeidad y nivelación de pisos, incluyendo los Números F, Fmin y las normas DIN, TR34 y ASTM. Explica que los Números F miden la planeidad y nivelación general de una superficie, mientras que Fmin simula específicamente la trayectoria de apiladores. También cubre conceptos como tráfico aleatorio vs definido y diferentes sistemas constructivos para lograr distintos niveles de lisura en pisos.
This document provides an introduction to prestressed concrete bridge design. It discusses how prestressing concrete induces compression to counteract tensile stresses from loading. Prestressed concrete allows for longer concrete bridge spans through precasting units that are lifted into place. The document covers methods of prestressing including pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. It also summarizes design considerations like serviceability limits, stress limitations, prestress losses, and establishes basic inequalities for prestress force and section properties. Magnel diagrams are introduced as a way to determine appropriate prestress force and eccentricity values.
Post-tensioning is simply a method of producing prestressed concrete, masonry, and other structural elements. Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed (pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast, prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured. Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.
Prestressing Concept, Materials and Prestressing System - Section B, Group 1সাফকাত অরিন
This document provides an overview of prestressing concepts, materials, and systems. It discusses the basic concepts of prestressing including transforming concrete into an elastic material, combining high-strength steel with concrete, and achieving load balancing. The document describes the advantages and limitations of prestressing. It also summarizes the different types of prestressing in terms of the source of prestressing force, whether it is external or internal, pre-tensioned or post-tensioned, linear or circular, full or partial, and uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. Finally, it discusses prestressing materials including concrete, aggregate, cement, water, admixtures, grout, and prestressing steel.
The document provides a construction sequence and progress report for post-tensioned slabs at a project site. It includes 33 entries with dates ranging from October 11-31, 2017 documenting steps like bottom shuttering, reinforcement, tendon layout, duct laying, profiles, stressing, grouting, and concreting. Various quality checks and recommendations are provided for drawings, profiles, stressing, and grouting. Calculations, checklists, dos and don'ts are also outlined.
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which uses tensioned steel cables or bars to put concrete members into compression and increase their strength. It describes three main methods: pre-tensioned concrete where the steel is tensioned before the concrete is cast; bonded post-tensioned concrete where steel is tensioned after casting to compress the concrete; and unbonded post-tensioned concrete where greased steel is used to allow individual adjustment. Applications include buildings, bridges, nuclear reactors and earthquake resistant structures. Advantages are lower costs, thinner members, and increased spans.
Shear, bond bearing,camber & deflection in prestressed concreteMAHFUZUR RAHMAN
This Presentation was presented as a partial fulfillment of Prestressed Concrete Design Lab Course. Behavior & Design of Prestress on above topic is shortly discussed on the presentation. The part "Shear & Shear Design in Prestressed" Concrete was prepared by me. Other topics were prepared by other members of my group. Thanks to all my teachers & friends who helped us in different stages during preparation of the total presentation.
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which involves introducing stresses to counteract stresses from loads and keep the concrete in compression. Tendons made of high-strength steel wires or cables are tensioned before or after the concrete is cast to prestress it. This increases strength and durability while reducing cracking. Common applications include beams, bridges, tanks, and railway sleepers. Post-tensioning involves casting then stressing tendons in ducts, while pre-tensioning tensions tendons before casting. Prestressing introduces forces that improve load capacity and serviceability.
Post-Tension Concrete - Info session for ContractorsAMSYSCO Inc.
This presentation is to help General and Concrete Contractors manage construction projects that use Post-Tensioned Concrete.
1. Intro to Post-Tension
2. Components of Post-Tension
3. Construction Team
4. Submittals
5. Pre-Installation
6. Installation Management
7. Post-Concrete Placement
8. Troubleshooting
In post-tensioning systems
the ducts for the tendons (or strands) are placed along with the reinforcement before the casting of concrete. The tendons are placed in the ducts
after the casting of concrete. The duct prevents contact between concrete and the
tendons during the tension operation.
Unlike pre-tension
the tendons are pulled with the reaction acting against the hardened concrete.
if the ducts are filled with grout
then it is known as bonded post-tension.
The grout is a neat cement paste or a sand-cement mortar containing suitable admixture. The
grouting operation is discussed later in the section.
Grouting
Grouting can be defined as the filling of duct, with a material
that provides an anti corrosive alkaline environment to the
prestressing steel and alsoa strong bond between
the tendon and the surrounding grout.
The major part of grout
comprises of water and cement, with a water-to
-cement ratio of about 0.5, together with some water-reducing admixtures, expansion agent
In unbonded post-tensioning,
as the name suggests, the ducts are never grouted and
the tendon is held in tension solely by the end anchorages.
The various stages of the post-tensioning operation
are summarised as follows.
1) Casting of concrete.
2) Placement of the tendons.
3) Placement of the anchorage block and jack.
4) Applying tension to the tendons.
5) Seating of the wedges.
6) Cutting of the tendon
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
Prestressed concrete uses high-strength steel tendons or cables to put concrete members into compression prior to stresses from service loads being applied. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loading and improves the behavior of the concrete. There are two main methods - pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before concrete is cast, while post-tensioning stresses steel tendons after the concrete has hardened. Losses in prestress over time include elastic shortening, anchorage slip, friction, creep, shrinkage, and steel relaxation. Proper material selection and design can minimize these losses and optimize the performance of prestressed concrete.
Prestressed concrete is a combination of steel and concrete that uses compressive stresses applied during construction to oppose tensile stresses that occur in use. There are three main types: pre-tensioned concrete uses steel tendons tensioned before concrete is placed; bonded post-tensioned concrete uses unstressed steel placed then tensioned after curing; and unbonded post-tensioned concrete provides freedom of movement between steel and concrete. Pre-tensioned concrete requires molds that can resist internal forces and calculations to account for losses over time. Prestressed concrete provides benefits like reduced cracking and corrosion, higher strength, and more economical construction for bridges compared to steel.
This document discusses methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before concrete is poured around them. Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons inserted into voids in cured concrete using jacks. Both methods put the concrete in compression and improve its tensile strength. Common applications include building floors/roofs, bridges, and parking structures.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN ASPECTS OF PRE-STRESSED MEMBERS USING F.R.P. TENDONSGirish Singh
The purpose of this investigation is mainly a brief explanation about the advantages of FRP over steel. The various uses and advantages of FRP are explained in this project. In this project, we have taken a section of 3m length, 200mm width and 300mm depth and using a parabolic tendon of eccentricity 100mm at the centre. We have design the section for FRP as well as steel with the above data. The final stresses obtained is being verified with the help of Ansys software. We have shown the result of steel straight tendon only in this mini project.
The document provides information on methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. It discusses:
- Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before the concrete is cast around them.
- Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons after the concrete has cured using jacks, then grouting the voids.
- Both methods put the concrete in compression and increase its strength and durability compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
This document discusses prestressed concrete and defines key terms like pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stretching steel tendons before concrete is poured, while post-tensioning stretches steel inserted into hardened concrete. The document covers advantages of prestressing like reduced cracking and member sizes. It also discusses design considerations like prestress losses from shrinkage, creep, and relaxation. Both pretensioning and post-tensioning methods are outlined, along with tendon types like bars, wires, and strands.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
Regarding basics of prestressed such as inventor, types of prestressing systems, methods of prestressing, types of grouting, types of cables used for prestressed structure and method of construction etc..
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which involves applying an initial compressive load to concrete before it experiences tensile stresses from use. Prestressing concrete improves its strength in tension. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete uses steel tendons that are tensioned before the concrete is cast around them, while post-tensioned concrete uses tendons tensioned after the concrete is cast. Prestressing concrete allows for longer spans and greater loads than ordinary reinforced concrete.
Este documento analiza las necesidades y consideraciones para elegir el método constructivo apropiado para pisos industriales. Describe los usos potenciales como salas de venta, plantas de procesamiento, cámaras frigoríficas y centros de distribución. También considera el tipo de carga, equipos, estibas y grúas, así como el tránsito. Analiza factores como la estabilidad de juntas, transferencia de carga, tolerancias y daños potenciales. Finalmente, revisa opciones constructivas como pisos convencional
Este documento describe diferentes métodos para medir la planeidad y nivelación de pisos, incluyendo los Números F, Fmin y las normas DIN, TR34 y ASTM. Explica que los Números F miden la planeidad y nivelación general de una superficie, mientras que Fmin simula específicamente la trayectoria de apiladores. También cubre conceptos como tráfico aleatorio vs definido y diferentes sistemas constructivos para lograr distintos niveles de lisura en pisos.
El arquitecto Henri Jaspard Enríquez, nacido en Concepción, y establecido en Temuco desde 1995, se formó en la Alianza Francesa Charles de Gaulle y en la Universidad del Bío-Bío, en su ciudad natal. En la década del 90 siguió estudios de postgrado en Italia y Alemania, y posteriormente realizó estadías en importantes oficinas de arquitectura en Nueva York y Tokio. Desde su llegada a Temuco, ha trabajado intensamente en el área privada y en 2003 formó su propia oficina de proyectos, especializándose en edificaciones en altura y restauración patrimonial a lo largo de Chile, con desarrollo de proyectos caracterizados por innovación tecnológica y en diseño. Fue académico universitario durante 11 años en las cátedras de Historia de la Arquitectura y Conservación de Patrimonio. Con nutrida actividad gremial, ha sido vicepresidente del Colegio de Arquitectos en varios períodos, presidente del Comité Inmobiliario de la CCHC Temuco, y presidente de la Cámara de la Construcción de Temuco en el período 2014-16
Este documento presenta un plan para modernizar la industria de la construcción en Chile mediante la implementación de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Explica que la construcción representa un importante porcentaje de la economía chilena pero tiene baja productividad. El plan propone adoptar BIM para mejorar la calidad, reducir costos y plazos, y aumentar la productividad. Describe iniciativas de BIM en el Reino Unido y establece objetivos como mejorar la calidad de construcción, predecir costos, aumentar competitividad e impulsar la indust
The Effect of Precast Concrete Practices on Commercial Building Productivity in Comparison to Cast-in-situ Techniques and the Restraints of its use in Brisbane
Este documento presenta dos experiencias de uso del madurímetro para controlar la madurez del hormigón en obras. La primera experiencia describe cómo se usó el madurímetro para controlar las temperaturas en un macizo de hormigón masivo. La segunda experiencia detalla el uso del madurímetro para determinar la madurez y resistencia del hormigón en una planta de tratamiento de aguas, lo que permitió acortar los tiempos de descimbre. En general, el documento muestra cómo el madurímetro puede usarse para controlar temperaturas, determinar
In this program, participants will learn the basics of precast concrete parking structures. Participants will also discuss: personal safety issues (lighting), fire safety properties, and the environmental benefits (LEED) of precast concrete.After this program, you will be able to:– Identify precast, prestressed concrete systems using in parking structures– Explain the benefits of using precast, prestressed concrete in parking structures– Make an informed material choice for your next parking structure design.
Precast concrete architecture in spain and latin americaANDECE
This document discusses precast concrete architecture in Spain and Latin America. It provides an overview of the Spanish Precast Concrete Manufacturers Association and notes that precast concrete development is linked to economic growth. Spain has a highly developed precast concrete industry while other countries in Latin America have smaller, less developed industries. The document outlines the history and stages of industrialization of precast concrete. It also discusses precast concrete systems, products, trends, and the importance of design for successful precast projects.
Este documento describe el hormigón autocompactante (HAC) y la solución constructiva Termomuro. El HAC se consolidad por su propio peso sin necesidad de vibración, lo que permite su uso en estructuras densamente armadas. Termomuro es un muro estructural con propiedades térmicas que cumple con la normativa térmica chilena. Está compuesto por un panel aislante de acero entre dos capas de hormigón HAC, permitiendo eliminar elementos aislantes adicionales.
Precast concrete for sustainable buildingsMECandPMV
This document discusses the use of precast concrete in sustainable building construction in Finland. It provides a brief history of precast concrete usage in Finland beginning in 1952. It also provides current statistics on the share of precast concrete usage in different types of buildings. The document then discusses how precast concrete can help meet the European Union's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive for nearly zero-energy buildings. Several case studies of precast concrete buildings that achieve net zero-energy usage or are highly energy efficient are also presented. The document concludes by discussing how precast concrete can perform well in different climate conditions.
El documento describe las losas prefabricadas de hormigón, destacando sus ventajas sobre las losas tradicionales de hormigón en términos de eficiencia, versatilidad y productividad. Explica brevemente los procesos de fabricación de las losas prefabricadas y las diferentes tipologías disponibles, como viguetas con bovedillas o prelosas con casetones.
Wells Concrete builds and installs reliable, superior precast concrete products through the integration of experienced people, production technology and industry standards.
My Lean + BIM Journey [Nathan Wood, Brazil Lean Conference]Nathan C. Wood
The document discusses the author's journey with lean + BIM and two hospital projects in California. For the first project, Castro Valley Hospital, using BIM and lean principles like integrated project delivery resulted in a 6-week schedule gain and on-target costs. However, the second project, Alta Bates Hospital, was 6 months behind schedule and $20M over budget due to lack of trust and communication between teams. The author emphasizes that BIM is just a tool and success depends on the people and processes used.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS OF PRECAST CONCRETE BEAM-COLU...Franco Bontempi
Especially to precast concrete structure connections are one of the most essential parts. Connections transfer forces between precast members, so the interaction between precast units is obtained. They are generally the
weakest link in the structure. An acceptable performance of precast concrete structure depends especially on the
appropriate kind of connections choice, adequate detailing of components and design of the connections is fundamental. It is interesting to study the behavior of connecting elements and to compare different solutions of ductile connections for precast concrete structures in case of horizontal applied force and vertical imposed displacement, as well as those produced by hazards situation, like that earthquake and explosion, whereby topics of structure robustness are carried out. The case of study is an innovative dissipative system of connection between precast concrete elements, usable for buildings and bridges, the investigation of these topics is carried out by F.E.A. by program DIANA with comparison with results obtained independently with ASTER.
This document discusses design specifications for ductile reinforced concrete buildings to withstand earthquakes. It defines ductile materials as those that can undergo large deformation without breaking. Design and construction must follow IS 456-2000, except where modified. Flexural members like beams and slabs must have a width to depth ratio over 3.0 and width over 200mm. Depth should not exceed 1/4 of clear span. Longitudinal reinforcement resists bending. At least two top and bottom bars are needed. Web reinforcement in stirrups prevents bulging and buckling of longitudinal bars. Transverse reinforcement in columns prevents buckling. Special confining reinforcement is also discussed.
This document discusses ductile detailing of reinforced concrete (RC) frames according to Indian standards. It explains that detailing involves translating the structural design into the final structure through reinforcement drawings. Good detailing ensures reinforcement and concrete interact efficiently. Key aspects of ductile detailing covered include requirements for beams, columns, and beam-column joints to improve ductility and seismic performance. Specific provisions are presented for longitudinal and shear reinforcement in beams and columns, as well as confining reinforcement and lap splices. The importance of cover and stirrup spacing is also discussed.
PRECAST CONCRETE - introduction, applications, advantages, disadvantages, uses, construction and joinery details, precast components, examples of buildings using precast components and more information.
1. The document provides tips for overcoming excuses that block progress towards success. It discusses becoming aware of excuses and their underlying motivations.
2. Successful people have a no-excuses attitude and take action towards their dreams instead of making excuses. Examples are given of people who have overcome limitations through action.
3. The document advises confronting fears and excuses by taking small steps and focusing on solutions rather than excuses. Internal and external motivations can help launch a life without excuses.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
1. The document discusses the analysis and design of precast concrete wall-slab structures, including laboratory testing of connections, structural analysis, modeling, and design requirements.
2. Calculations were performed to check the bearing capacity, ratio of height to thickness, and connection strength of walls under vertical and horizontal loads based on material properties and limit state design methods.
3. Modeling of multi-story precast concrete buildings was conducted using structural analysis software to evaluate responses to seismic loading.
Tokyo Sky Tree is a 634-meter broadcasting and observation tower in Tokyo, Japan. It has the world's tallest self-supporting steel tower structure. The tower was designed to withstand strong winds with a return period of 2000 years and major earthquakes through its triangular steel frame, reinforced concrete core, oil dampers, and vibraton control systems. Over 50 million people visited the tower and surrounding commercial facilities in the first year after its opening in 2012, making it a major tourist destination.
The document provides an introduction to high-rise building structures in China. It discusses the main structural types used, including concrete structures, steel structures, and steel-concrete hybrid structures. It then focuses on two examples of hybrid structures - the Beijing Fortune Plaza 2 Office Tower and the China World Trade Center 3. The Beijing Fortune Plaza is highlighted as a 265m tall CFT frame-RC core wall hybrid structure, the tallest of its type in Beijing. Details are provided on its design standards, materials, loads, structural system, and core tube lateral resisting system.
This document provides an overview of STAAD Pro structural analysis software. It discusses the history and introduction of STAAD Pro, the types of structures that can be modeled including buildings, staircases, water tanks, shear walls, and steel structures. The document outlines the STAAD Pro work flow including creating geometry, assigning loads and properties, running analyses, designing structures, and creating reports. It also presents some example student projects modeled in STAAD Pro.
The document summarizes Taipei 101, the tallest skyscraper in Taiwan. Some key points:
- Taipei 101 was the world's tallest building from 2004-2010, standing at 508 meters tall with 101 floors.
- It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes, with features like tuned mass dampers and outrigger trusses.
- Construction from 1999-2004 faced challenges like weak soil conditions, which required a deep foundation of piles and slurry walls.
- The skyscraper houses offices and a large shopping mall, and has become an iconic symbol of Taiwan.
The document describes the Kajima Cut and Take Down (KC&TD) demolition method developed by Kajima Corporation. The method involves dismantling tall buildings from the bottom up using hydraulic jacks, one floor at a time, inspired by the Japanese toy Daruma Otoshi. Key steps include installing temporary support columns, using hydraulic jacks to lower each floor, and demolishing floors and walls from the ground level. The method generates less dust, noise and risk compared to conventional demolition and allows for higher recycling rates. It was used to dismantle Kajima Corporation's headquarters towers.
Selecting one single type of building and coveringHREAT
This document summarizes the structural design and load transfer mechanisms of the Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai. It describes the tower's reinforced concrete core and columns that transfer loads to the foundation. Wind loads were a primary design consideration due to the tower's extreme height, and various techniques like tapering the shape and adding openings help disrupt wind vortexes. Loads flow from the steel-framed upper levels through composite link beams and concrete core walls to the large concrete mat foundation supported by long concrete piles.
ICWES15 - Challenging Design: Foundations for Tall Buildings. Presented by M...Engineers Australia
This document discusses the challenges in designing foundations for tall buildings and provides examples of two tall building projects. It outlines the major design issues, process, and criteria for tall building foundations. It then describes the foundation systems and performance assessments for the Incheon 151 Tower in Korea and Nakheel Tall Tower in Dubai as case studies. Both cases involved complex subsurface conditions that required advanced numerical modeling to analyze foundation behavior and ensure stability and acceptable settlement.
Economic Concrete Frame Elements to Eurocode 2Yusuf Yıldız
Eurocode 2'ye göre betonarme çerçeve elemanlarının ekonomik tasarımlarını ele alan dokümanın içerisinde yerinde dökülen, prekast, kompozit, ardgerme kolonlar, kirişler, döşemeler, perdeler ve merdivenlerin tasarımlarına dair bilgiler yer almakta.
The document discusses high-rise buildings, defining them as buildings 35 meters or taller divided into occupiable levels. It discusses design considerations for high-rises that focus on strength, rigidity, and stability as height increases. Material requirements and weights per floor area have decreased over time due to innovations. Successful high-rise characteristics include being inviting, energy efficient, and economically viable. The document lists the top 10 tallest buildings globally and completed/planned high-rises in Pakistan.
Presentation on construction of cable stay bridge - a modern technique for su...Rajesh Prasad
This document provides details about the construction of a cable-stayed bridge in Bardhaman, India. The bridge has a main span of 124 meters and side spans of 64.5 meters. It is constructed with precast concrete segments and steel pylons that are 62 meters high. The bridge construction involves casting piers and segments, erecting the steel pylons and towers, and then incrementally launching the concrete segments and installing the stay cables to complete the bridge deck.
Performance of Steel Fiber under Fire and Impact Loading (Piti Sukontasukkul)Piti Sukontasukkul
This document discusses the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) under high temperature and impact loads. It finds that SFRC maintains higher strength and toughness at elevated temperatures compared to plain concrete due to the fibers bridging cracks. SFRC also exhibits increased mechanical properties under impact loads as the fibers pull out to absorb more energy. The document concludes that steel fibers improve the fire resistance and impact resistance of concrete.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Analysis of RC Framed Structures on Varying Slo...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures located on varying slope angles, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a 10-story building were developed with slope angles of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, and 45° to analyze seismic performance. The models were analyzed using ETABS software for equivalent static and response spectrum analysis according to Indian seismic codes. Results for parameters like base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift were obtained and compared for models with shear walls at corners, corners and edges, and without shear walls. In general, models with shear walls performed better in reducing seismic demands.
A long span structure in Romania Full paper balint karolyAnupama Krishnan
The document describes a large span roof structure for a new multi-functional sports hall in Cluj Napoca, Romania. The roof consists of 7 steel space trusses with a clear span of 63.9 meters. Finite element modeling was used to design welded joints between the hollow square steel sections that make up the trusses. The steel roof structure was chosen to reduce construction time from 36 to 12 months and allow the building of the sports hall in time to host a European sporting event.
(1) The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. They were designed by César Pelli and Associates and took 6 years to construct at a cost of US$1.6 billion. (2) The towers' structures are composed of reinforced concrete with a central core and perimeter columns connected by ring beams. High-strength concrete was used for the cores and columns to reduce wind response. (3) Industrialized building systems such as prefabricated steel beams, the preassembled skybridge, and prefabricated pinnacles helped speed construction and ensure quality despite the ambitious schedule.
Comparative study on behaviour of RCC and steel – concrete composite multisto...IRJET Journal
This document compares the behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC) and steel-concrete composite multi-storey buildings through modeling and analysis. Three 10-story building models are created - one with RCC structure and two with composite structures using encased columns and concrete filled tubes. The models are analyzed using ETABS software to compare parameters like joint displacement, story drift, story shear, and cost. The results show that composite structures have higher joint displacements but lower story drifts and shears compared to RCC. Construction costs are also around 65% lower for the composite structures compared to RCC due to reduced concrete and rebar usage. In conclusion, composite structures provide better seismic performance and are more economical than conventional RCC
Seismic analysis of base isolated building in rc framed structures 1868Anusha Reddy
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, which may be dangerous enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. To protect the structures from earthquake effects there is a system known as base isolation systems. Base isolation is the technique is most widely accepted and used for seismic protection of the building in earthquake prone areas. The aim of this research is to study the mode period of different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In this study, two building’s are considered first structure is G+13 storey building and second is G+5 storey building which is designed and analyzed in E TABS 13.2.1 software.
This document provides guidelines for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces. Some key points:
- It covers requirements for designing and detailing reinforced concrete buildings to have adequate toughness and ductility during earthquakes.
- Provisions include constraints on member dimensions, reinforcement ratios and placement, splice locations, and special confinement in potential plastic hinge regions.
- Shear walls, coupling beams, and joints are to be designed and detailed to dissipate seismic energy in a stable manner through extensive inelastic deformations.
Similar to 2015 10 06_sem_pref_kimura_precast_seminar_in_santiago_final (20)
El documento presenta los resultados e impactos de la Línea 6 de metro, así como la cartera de proyectos de expansión que incluyen la extensión de las Líneas 2 y 3, un nuevo intermodal en Los Libertadores y cocheras en Vespucio Norte. También se describen nuevos proyectos como la Línea 7 y mejoras a la red que llevarán la longitud total a 149 km y 143 estaciones para 2022.
Este documento discute varios temas relacionados con el concreto, incluyendo el desarrollo de especificaciones, tecnología, procesos constructivos, rol del ingeniero, responsabilidad profesional e implementación. También analiza la industria de la construcción y cómo afecta la calidad de vida. Se enfatiza la necesidad de agilizar la aceptación e implementación de nuevas tecnologías y liberar el proceso de obstáculos tradicionales. Además, explora conceptos como durabilidad, permeabilidad y cómo estas afectan el
El documento analiza el comportamiento del hormigón fresco bajo condiciones de alta evaporación. Se evaluó el efecto del tipo de cemento y el uso de aditivos. Los resultados mostraron que el viento provoca una mayor evaporación inicial pero la temperatura produce una exudación total similar. El cemento puzolanico tuvo mayor exudación que el Portland puzolanico. El uso de aditivos redujo significativamente la exudación en ambos cementos.
Este documento discute tres desafíos para mejorar la productividad en grandes obras de infraestructura y cómo se abordaron en dos proyectos específicos. En el Puerto Industrial de Açu en Brasil, se enfrentaron problemas como variaciones en el tiempo de fraguado del hormigón que se solucionaron cambiando los aditivos. En el túnel de Pajares en España, se usó hormigón de alta resistencia para las dovelas prefabricadas que mejoró la seguridad de la excavación en rocas complejas. En ambos proyectos, el
Este documento propone criterios de aceptación para hormigón proyectado utilizado en fortificación de túneles. Analiza 720 muestras de hormigón proyectado y 240 de hormigón fresco según normas chilenas e internacionales. Luego, estandariza un criterio para evaluar la resistencia que considera el número de muestras, la resistencia característica y la desviación estándar. El nuevo criterio propuesto es Rp ≥ fcil + t • σ, donde t depende del número de muestras y σ es la desviación está
Este documento describe la caracterización experimental de hormigones reforzados con fibras. Se presentan diferentes ensayos para determinar propiedades como la resistencia residual, capacidad de absorción de energía y contenido de fibras. También se discuten las normativas aplicables y criterios de aceptación. Finalmente, se concluye que la variabilidad en la distribución de fibras genera variabilidad en los resultados y que se requiere estandarizar los ensayos y criterios de evaluación.
Este documento presenta una metodología para el diseño por vida útil de hormigones basada en mediciones de permeabilidad al aire. Describe factores que afectan la durabilidad del hormigón, el método de ensayo de permeabilidad según normas suizas, y una metodología experimental-referencial que correlaciona permeabilidad con propiedades de durabilidad. Finalmente, explica cómo aplicar el método mediante mediciones en diferentes etapas de una obra para estimar su vida útil.
El documento presenta una introducción a la nanotecnología y sus aplicaciones potenciales en el hormigón. Explica brevemente los fundamentos de la nanotecnología y los principales nanomateriales como la nanosilica. Luego describe los efectos que estos nanomateriales pueden tener en las propiedades del hormigón fresco y endurecido, así como en su durabilidad. Finalmente, menciona algunas aplicaciones potenciales en pavimentos y shotcrete, y concluye que los nanomateriales pueden mejorar el desempeño del hormigón
El documento describe un nuevo tipo de hormigón estructural que flota y tiene una conductividad térmica mucho menor que el hormigón convencional, lo que mejora el aislamiento térmico de viviendas y reduce el consumo de energía para climatización. El nuevo material, llamado ThermCrete, se desarrolló mediante el diseño de su microestructura y tiene una tercera parte de la densidad y una décima parte de la conductividad térmica del hormigón convencional.
Este documento discute la importancia de una correcta especificación y certificación de sistemas de anclajes post-instalados. Explica que los anclajes deben ser probados bajo condiciones sísmicas y de fisuración para garantizar su resistencia, y que factores como la limpieza de la perforación y el procedimiento de instalación son cruciales para su desempeño. También enfatiza que las certificaciones entregan los valores reales de resistencia de un anclaje y sus modos de falla.
Este documento presenta una solución de reparación y reforzamiento estructural para 325 pilotes y 50 losas de hormigón en mal estado en un puerto del sur de Chile. La solución involucra reparar el hormigón dañado, inyectar grietas, y aplicar sistemas de reforzamiento como CFRP y FX-70 para aumentar la capacidad de carga de los elementos estructurales.
El documento describe la nueva certificación de la ACI para instaladores de anclajes. Debido a un accidente en un túnel en Boston causado por una mala instalación de anclajes, la ACI y CRSI desarrollaron un programa de certificación. El programa incluye un libro de trabajo con 8 capítulos, pruebas escritas y prácticas, y es válido por 5 años. El código ACI ahora requiere que los anclajes horizontales sean instalados por personal certificado.
Este documento describe el uso de fibra de carbono para fortalecer estructuras. Explica que la fibra de carbono reforzada con polímero (CFRP) se usa para reforzar vigas, columnas, losas y muros mediante la adhesión a la superficie. Luego presenta dos casos de estudio recientes en Chile donde se usó CFRP: el Puente Itata, donde se usaron 12 km de CFRP, y el Edificio Bloom en Santiago, donde se usó CFRP para reforzar la estructura. Finalmente, describe el software
Este documento resume los principales proyectos de túneles civiles subterráneos en Santiago, incluyendo los túneles del Acceso Nor Oriente y San Cristóbal, el túnel Vivaceta, los túneles del programa SCO2, y los túneles del proyecto Américo Vespucio Oriente. Los túneles se construyeron principalmente usando el método NATM y fueron diseñados para transporte vial, con secciones funcionales de dos a cinco pistas. El documento describe las características geológicas,
El comité técnico de shotcrete del ICH ha estado trabajando durante 15 sesiones para desarrollar una normativa nacional de shotcrete en Chile. El proyecto de norma establece procedimientos para controlar la recepción del hormigón fresco, medir las resistencias tempranas y a largo plazo, evaluar hormigones con fibra, y medir espesores de shotcrete in situ. Una vez finalizado, el proyecto de norma definirá los criterios nacionales para realizar ensayos de calidad en shotcrete.
El documento presenta la historia y evolución de los métodos constructivos utilizados en el Metro de Santiago, con énfasis en el Proyecto 63 que comprende las líneas 3 y 6. Se describe el alcance del proyecto, que incluye 28 nuevas estaciones, 37 km de red y materiales como hormigón y vías. Finalmente, se informa sobre el estado de avance, que alcanza un 69% en la línea 6 y un 39% en la línea 3, con obras en estaciones y sistemas eléctricos, entre otros.
El documento describe la tecnología Hyson-Cells, un pavimento articulado de hormigón fabricado in situ utilizando mallas de geoceldas. Un tramo piloto en Chile mostró que el pavimento Hyson-Cells tuvo deflexiones 25% menores que un pavimento de adocreto tradicional y un módulo elástico 30% mayor, lo que indica una mayor vida útil. Se necesitan mejoras en el procedimiento constructivo y en el diseño de la mezcla de hormigón para reducir grietas de retracción.
El documento describe el diseño y construcción de una capa de refuerzo con hormigón sobre un camino existente en Chile. Se realizó un diseño estructural utilizando software especializado para determinar que las losas de hormigón deberían medir 175cm x 175cm con un espesor de 23cm y una resistencia a la flexión de 5MPa. La construcción fue adjudicada a dos empresas y se estimó una duración de 9 meses avanzando 500m lineales por día.
Este documento proporciona claves para el éxito de un piso industrial, incluyendo definir las expectativas de uso, elegir el tipo de piso y refuerzo de juntas apropiados, y seguir buenas prácticas de construcción como la colocación, curado y protección del piso.
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
1. 1
Application of High-Strength and
High-Performance Fiber Reinforced
Concrete to Precast Elements
International Seminar on Design and Construction
of Precast Structures in Seismic Regions
October 2015, Chile
Hideki Kimura
Senior Chief Researcher, Dr.Eng
R & D Institute
Takenaka Corporation
2. 2
Contents of today’s speechContents of today’s speech
1. Introduction
2. Classification of FRCC
3. Application of Fiber Reinforced HSC
3.1 High Rise Building Columns
3.2 Slender Columns
3.3 B/C Joint in Precast Systems
4. Application of UFC
4.1 Bridge Precast Elements
4.2 Offshore Structures
4.3 Precast Plates or Forms
5. Application of HPFRCC (ECC)
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in Buildings
5.2 Retrofit Projects
3. 3
Tukuda island, Tokyo water frontTukuda island, Tokyo water front
1. Introduction1. Introduction
Tokyo SceneTokyo Scene
4. 4
Evolution of
High Strength Concrete
is
Evolution of
High Rise RC buildings
Evolution of
High Strength Concrete
is
Evolution of
High Rise RC buildings
5. 5
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
Number
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
RCResponse controled structures:68 buildings
RCSeismic isolation structures:75 buildings
RC Seismic structures:369 buildings
Seismic Resistant Seismic Control Seismic Isolation
Energy
absorption
Energy
absorption
Large
drift
Small
drift
Large
displacement
Displacement
as solid body
Isolation
bearing
Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings
Designed Year (at the end of appraisal)
Evolution of high-rise RC buildingsEvolution of high-rise RC buildings
Number
of
Building
/ BCJ data
/ Over 60m high
/ Total number exceeded 500
6. 6
Transition of concrete strengthTransition of concrete strength
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
設計年
コンクリート設計基準強度Fc [N/mm
2
]
実績最大値
各年最大値
各年平均値
各年最小値
Specifieddesignstrength
Fc(MPa)
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
Maximum past record
Annual maximum value
Annual average value
Annual minimum value
New RC
Project
Evolution of high-strength materialsEvolution of high-strength materials
Research
on FRCC
7. 7
Year Keywords
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Structural Planning
Frame Structure
1986 Hikarigaoka D5 (30F)
Early Development of High-rise
RC Buildings as Takenaka Corporation
Concrete strength Fc42 , Height 88m
1996 Bellemarge Sakai (43F)
Double Tube Structure
Concrete strength Fc70 , Height 136m
1997 Park City Suginami(28F)
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
System Concrete strength Fc48 , Height 87m
2003 D’Grafort Kobe Sannomiya(43F)
Takenaka Hybrid Flat Slub System
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
of World extreme height
Concrete strength Fc60 , Height 145m
27,300
31,800
光が丘D5
27,300
31,800
光が丘D5
20,600
45,000
六甲アイランド3番街
20,600
45,000
六甲アイランド3番街
20,600
29,000
グランコリーナ西神南
22,930
40,200
京阪くずはT棟
32,500
32,500
ディーグラフォート神戸三宮
32,500
32,500
ディーグラフォート神戸三宮
2001 KuzuhaTower City
T Building (42F)
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
Concrete strength Fc80 , Height 133m
Early Development
Of High-riseRC
Buildings
Realization of High
strength concrete
Fc42
High strength
concrete Fc70
High-rise RC
Structure using
Seismic Isolation
System
High strength
concrete Fc100
Takenaka Hybrid
Flat Slub System
Super FlexSuper Flex
TubeTube
StructureStructure
To the height
200m
Double Tube
Structure
Seismic Isolation
System
(Free Plan)
Seismic Isolation
System(Free Plan)
2002 RenaissanceTower
Ueno Ikenohata (38F)
Super Flex Tube Structure using a damper
Concrete strength Fc60 , Height 130m
2005 Musashi Kosugi plan
(59F,47F) Height 201m
( Advanced High Performance Concrete )
SUPERSUPER FLEX STRUCTURESFLEX STRUCTURES
Using of Structural Wall
History of High-Rise RC Buildings of TakenakaHistory of High-Rise RC Buildings of Takenaka
8. 8
High-rise building with Complex Floor PlanHigh-rise building with Complex Floor Plan
■Outline
/ Use: Condimunium
/ Location: Osaka
/ No. of Story: 42F (B1F)
/ Maximum Height: 136.8 m
/ Total Floor Area: 32,720 m2
/ Construction Period : 2001.3~2003.12
/ Structure: Reinforced Concrete
with Base Isolation System
/ Max. Concrete Strength
: Fc 80 Mpa
9. 9Base Isolated Super High-rise RC Building Composed
of Three Connected Towers with Vibration Control Systems
(Winner of fib 2010 Awards for
Outstanding Structures )
◆ Island Tower Sky Club
10. 10
Outline of Structure
< Techniques Used >
1)Three Tower
Connecting System
2) Precast Concrete
System with 70 Mpa
Concrete
3) Core Wall System
4) Base Isolation
System
5) Dampers of the Sky
Garden truss
6) Dampers of the
upper stories
(Zinc-Alminum alloy
dampers)
◆42-story residential
building(2008)
ハイブリッド基礎免震
鋼管場所打ち
コンクリート拡底杭
スカイガーデン
(鉄骨トラス構造)
制振装置
・ブロードバンドダンパー
・オイルダンパー
鉄骨中実柱
(200~250φ)
制振ダンパー
(亜鉛アルミダンパー)
高層
ゾーン
1FL
基礎
Fc32 杭
フラットスラブ
(ボイドスラブ)
コンクリート強度
6FL
11FL
16FL
21FL
27FL
極厚耐震壁
(コア部分)
Fc70
Fc48
Fc60
Fc54
Fc48
Fc39
Fc30
中層
ゾーン
低層
ゾーン
鉄骨中実柱
(200~250φ)
High-rise
zone
中層
ゾーン
低層
ゾーン
Low-rise
zone
Foundation
Piles
Vibr ation control device
(zinc aluminum damper)
Seamless steel
columns(~250 dia.)
Flatslab
(void slab)
Box shape RC walls
(core area)
Sky-Garden
(steel truss structure)
Vibration control device
(viscoelastic damper)
(oil damper)
Base-isolated foundations
Steel tube in-situ driven
concrete enlarged base
piles
Medium-rise
zone
Precastconcrete
(colum,beam,slab)
Bending restoration beam
(SRC:15th,26th,37th floor)
m145.3m
Vibration Control Device
(Zinc-Aluminium Alloy Damper)
Sky Garden
(Steel Truss Structure)
Extremely slender steel columns
Vibration Control Device
(Broad-Band Damper)
(Oil Damper)
Flatslab
(No Beams)
Super-Flex-Wall Frame
(Core Wall)
Bending Restoration Beam
(SRC:15th,26th,37th Floor)
Precast Concrete
(Column,Beam,Slab)
Cast-in-place concrete pile
with outer Steel Tube
Base Isolation System
Low
Story
Zone
High
Story
Zone
Medium
Story
Zone
11. 11
Ordinary High Strength ConcreteOrdinary High Strength Concrete
Separation and
fall down of
cover due to
lateral
displacement
★Premature Cover Spalling★Less Fire Resistance
12. 12
2. Classification of Fiber
Reinforced Cementitious
Composites
2. Classification of Fiber
Reinforced Cementitious
Composites
13. 13
FRCC : Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites
Classification of Fiber Reinforced
Cementitious Composites
Classification of Fiber Reinforced
Cementitious Composites
Strength(Low) (High)
Ductility(Low)(High)
DFRCC:Ductile Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite
FRC:Fiber Reinforced Concrete
UFC:Ultra High
Strength Fiber
Reinforced Concrete
Pseudo strain
hardening
characteristics
under uni-axial
tensile stress
HPFRCC : High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composites with
multiple fine cracks
ECC: Engineered
Cementitious Composites
Deflection
hardening
characteristics
under bending
stress
Strain softening
characteristics
under tensile
stress ★
★
★
★
(SHCC in
RILEM)
(RPC in
France)
14. 14
Behavior of Different Classes of FRCBehavior of Different Classes of FRC
Tensile Stress-Crack
Opening Behavior of
Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
Tensile Stress-Crack
Opening Behavior of
Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
15. 15
JSCE Recommendations for UFC and HPFRCCJSCE Recommendations for UFC and HPFRCC
Recommendations for Design and Construction of High
Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite with
Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), 2007
Recommendations for Design and Construction of Ultra
High-Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrtee Structures
(Draft), 2006
UFC
(Ultra High-Strength Fiber
Reinforced Concrete)
HPFRCC
(High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composite)
16. 16
◆First Practical Application of
150MPa SFRC to Building
◆First Practical Application of
150MPa SFRC to Building
3.1 High-rise Building Columns3.1 High-rise Building Columns
3. Application of Fiber
Reinforced HSC
3. Application of Fiber
Reinforced HSC
17. 17
Use: Condominium
Location: Kanagawa Pref.
No. of Story: 59F (B1, PF2F)
Height of Building: 197.6 m
Maximum Height: 203.5 m
Total Floor Area: 103,670 m2
Structure: RC Moment Frames
with Vibration Control Devices
Concrete Strength: Fc150 MPa
Main Bar: SD678 (y: 685MPa)
Design: Takenaka Corporation
Construction:
Takenaka Corporation
Construction Period:
2005.10 – 2009.4
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Park City Musashi Kosugi BuildingPark City Musashi Kosugi Building
Building
D
Building
E
(Winner of fib 2014 Awards for Outstanding Structures )
18. 18
Steel structure
Column, beam,
joint: precast
olumn
Non-column space
9.6mx31.6m
Balcony: precast
Visco-elastic
damper wall
Mega-frame
Spancrete
composite slab
Column SRC,
Beam S
Concrete: 150MPa
Steel bar: 685MPa
Mega-frame
Composite wall
Wall pier
Piled raft
Spancrete
composite slab
Column, beam:
precast
Balcony: precast
Staircase:
precastBalcony: precastFloor: deck plate
Damper column
3F – 10F
Large span
super frame
Visco-elastic
damper wall
3F – 38FTypical Floor PlanSection
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Outline of StructureOutline of Structure
20. 20
Specified strength
Fc150N/mm2
Core from solid (91d)
Insulated curing (91d)
Standard curing (56d)
● Core (91days)
○ Core (28days)
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
Height (mm)
Curtain on the building wall
says
“Strongest Concrete in the
World (150N/mm2)”
“One coin area of concrete
can support the weight of an
elephant”
Strength of Concrete Core
Strongest practiced concrete in the worldStrongest practiced concrete in the world
21. 21
Silica fume cement High-range water reducer
Conventional technique New technique
High-range water reducer
Silica fume
Cement Cement
Break up
Repulsion
Application of 150MPa ConcreteApplication of 150MPa Concrete
23. 23
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Ordinary High-strength Concrete Advanced Performance Composite
Steel
fiber
Prevention of
separation and
fall down of
concrete
Separation and
fall down of
concrete due to
lateral
displacement
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Prevention of Cover spallingPrevention of Cover spalling
26. 26
Laboratory test of structural elements used in RC high-rise buildings
Structural Test for High-Rise R/C BuildingsStructural Test for High-Rise R/C Buildings
41. 41
◆ Practical Application of SFRC
to B/C Joint of Precast Systems
◆ Practical Application of SFRC
to B/C Joint of Precast Systems
3.3 B/C Joint in Precast System3.3 B/C Joint in Precast System
42. 42
Steel fibre concrete
Beam longi. bars
with headed bars
No shear Reinf.
in joint
(Newly Developed interior B/C joint )(Ordinary Interior B/C joint)
・Plain concrete
・Shear reinf. in joint
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
44. 44
▽FL
1) Setting of PCa Columns
2) Setting of PCa Beams
with Headed Bars
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
45. 45
▽FL
3) Casting Concrete
with Fibers in B/C Joint
4) Setting of Upper
Floor PCa Columns
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
48. 48
Beam flexural yielding was confirmed using FRC in the B/C joint
Test Results of Newly Developed B/C JointTest Results of Newly Developed B/C Joint
50. 50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
層間変形⾓:R×10-3[rad]
FJI0
FJI1
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
層せん断⼒:Q[kN]
梁曲げ終局強度
PJI0(通し配筋定着)
FJI1(機械式定着)
StoryShearForce:Q[kN]
Story Drift Angle : R×10-3[rad.]
Eq.Damp.Factor:heq[%]
Comparison of Ordinary and
Newly Developed B/C Joint
Comparison of Ordinary and
Newly Developed B/C Joint
Ordinary B/C J.
New B/C J.
Flexural Strength
51. 51
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
■Outline
/ Use: Hospital
/ Location: Nagoya City
/ No. of Story: 6F (B1F)
/ Maximum Height: 24 m
/ Total Floor Area: 10,076 m2
/ Structure:
RC and Steel
with Base Isolation System
/ Max. Concrete Strength
: Fc60 Mpa
52. 52
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
Less congested than ordinary B/C joint
53. 53
Casting condition of SFRC
▽FL
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
54. 54
◆Practical Application of UFC
to Prdestrian Bridge
◆Practical Application of UFC
to Prdestrian Bridge
4.1 Bridge Precast Elements4.1 Bridge Precast Elements
4. Application of UFC4. Application of UFC
55. 55
Composition of UFC
Stress- Strain Relationship
Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
UFC is an epoch-making high-ductility/high-durability concrete
having a compressive strength exceeding 150 N/mm2 as well as a
high tensile strength exceeding 10 N/mm2.
What is UFC ?What is UFC ?
56. 56
◆Sakata-Mirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFC
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
57. 57
Ordinary Concrete
40N/mm2
Outer cable PS structure
Span:50m
Floor thickness:5cm
Web thickness:8cm
Completed in 2002
UFC 200N/mm2 Steel Girder
Main cable
25S15.28x2
Main cable
19S15.28x4
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
1.56
2.1
3.0
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
Comparison of Girder SectionComparison of Girder Section
◆Sakata-Mirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFC
58. 58
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Akakura Onsen-Yukemuri Bridge
Span : 35.3m
Depth : 950mm
Outer cable PS structure
Slab thickness : 70mm
Web thickness : 70mm
Completed in 2004
Section
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
59. 59
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Mikaneike Bridge Using
Length : 81.2m
Span : 39.9m
Width : 3.6m
PC outer cable structure
U shaped girder
Completed in 2007
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
60. 60
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Riverside Senshu Renraku Bridge
Length : 30.5m
Span : 2+26+2m
Width : 4.1m
PC outer cable structure
Slab thickness : 70mm
Web thickness : 100-200mm
Completed in 2007
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
61. 61
PCケーブル
12S15.2B
n=3本
800
940
130 130540
1850
2000
50
70
150
◆Tokyo Monorail◆Tokyo Monorail
Application of UFC to Monorail GirderApplication of UFC to Monorail Girder
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
62. 62
Application of UFC to GirdersApplication of UFC to Girders
◆Ramp way of East
Kyushu Expressway
using 200MPa UFC
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
64. 64
Application of UFC to Airport SlabsApplication of UFC to Airport Slabs
● UFC precast slabs (7,000 pieces,
standard dimension 7.8 m x3.6 m )
● World largest volume of 24000 m3
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations
on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote
Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
66. 66
Application of UFC to Repair ProjectApplication of UFC to Repair Project
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations
on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote
Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
67. 67
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in
Buildings
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in
Buildings
5. Application of HPFRCC5. Application of HPFRCC
68. 68
Application of HPFRCC to BuildingApplication of HPFRCC to Building
*Kajima Corporation
(http://www.kajima.co.jp/news/press/200509/29a1fo-j.htm)
◆27-story residential building(2006)
Core wall
HPFRCC coupling beam
Support column
Flat slab
72. 72
Application of HPFRCC to Public WorksApplication of HPFRCC to Public Works
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
73. 73
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
Application of HPFRCC to Public WorksApplication of HPFRCC to Public Works
75. 75
■ Fiber Reinforced HSC
1) In building structures, evolution of high-rise RC buildings
has been related to the evolution of HSC.
2) Because high strength concrete is less performance in
terms of fire-resistance and has a brittle behavior, organic
and steel fibers are added in order to improve its
characteristics.
3) Some recent research advances and applications
associated with fiber reinforced HSC were presented
focusing on applications to precast concrete elements in
Japan.
Concluding Remarks (1)Concluding Remarks (1)
76. 76
■ UFC (Ultra High-Strength Fiber Reinforced
Concrete)
1)UFC is high-ductility/high-durability concrete of a
compressive and a high tensile strengths exceeding 150
MPa and 5 MPa, respectively.
2)UFC has been applied to bridge girders where 1) small
member thickness, 2) light weight and 3) small beam section
height , are required.
3)UFC precast slabs of the world largest volume are used
for the deck slabs at the off shore airport runway. The
reasons of the application are weight reduction and the
durability against the salt attack.
4)UFC precast forms are used in the retrofit projects due to
the improvement of the durability including the wearing or
abrasion resistance.
Concluding Remarks (2)Concluding Remarks (2)
77. 77
■ HPFRCC (High Performance Fiber Reinforced
Cement Composite)
1) HPFRCC has been applied to many civil engineering
structures (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks
must be kept fine or large ductility is required.
2) HPFRCC was applied to connecting beams between
shear walls in a high-rise RC building because of its
excellent energy absorbing performance and less damages.
Concluding Remarks (3)Concluding Remarks (3)