An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, which may be dangerous enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. To protect the structures from earthquake effects there is a system known as base isolation systems. Base isolation is the technique is most widely accepted and used for seismic protection of the building in earthquake prone areas. The aim of this research is to study the mode period of different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In this study, two building’s are considered first structure is G+13 storey building and second is G+5 storey building which is designed and analyzed in E TABS 13.2.1 software.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Seismic analysis of high damping rubber bearings for base isolationeSAT Journals
Abstract
Base isolation is a mechanism that provides earthquake resistance to the new structure. The base isolation system decouples the building from the horizontal ground motion induced by earthquake, and offers very stiff vertical components to the base level of the superstructure in connection to substructure (foundation). It shifts the fundamental lateral period, dissipates the energy in damping, and reduces the amount of the lateral forces that transferred to the building, inter-story drift, and the floor acceleration.
The work deals with modelling and finite element analysis of a high damping rubber bearing in ANSYS 12.0. A displacement controlled transient analysis was done to analyse the behaviour of the isolator during earthquakes.
Keywords: Base isolation, High damping rubber, Transient analysis
Effect of base isolation in multistoried rc irregular building using time his...eSAT Journals
Abstract Base isolation (BI) is a technique that has been used around the world to protect the building structures from the damaging effects of earthquake. The installation of isolator in building at base level significantly increases the time period of the structure, which means it reduces the possibility of resonance of the structure giving rise to better seismic performance of the building. The study is performed to compare the effectiveness of base isolation in plan irregular and vertical irregular multi-storied RC frame building. For this study, 15 storied R.C frame building is considered and Time History analysis is carried out using ETABS 2013 software. The Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) is designed as per UBC 97 code and the same was used for analysis of base isolation system. The results obtained from the analysis were time period and base shear. Time period for the base isolated structures are higher than that of the fixed base structure. Due to the presence of isolator, Base shear is significantly reduced in each direction (X and Y direction) as compared to fixed base building. It has been found that when compared to plan irregular base isolated building the vertical irregular building gives better performance in high seismic prone area by using isolators at the base of the building.
Keywords: Base isolation, Lead rubber bearing, Time history analysis, Irregular building
Analysis of rc framed structures with central and partial openings in masonry...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Reinforced concrete frames the masonry infill walls are a common practice in countries like India, where the region is prone to seismic activity. In general, the masonry infill walls are treated as nonstructural element in structural analysis and only the contribution of its mass for is considered and it’s structural parameters like strength and stiffness is generally ignored in practice, such an approach may lead to an unsafe design. Infill walls resist lateral loads but because of the openings in the infill wall the resistance may slightly reduce. The IS code provisions do not provide guidelines for the analysis and design of RC frames with infill wall and for different percentage of openings. In this study, an office or residential building outer side central opening or outer side partial openings are used and analysis is carried for Bare Frame model, infill walls without opening, infill walls with outer periphery central opening and infill wall with outer periphery partial opening models. In ETABS software G+14 RC framed building models has been prepared, Equivalent Static Lateral force method, Response spectrum method has been performed for analysis as per IS 1893 : 2002 including p-delta effects. Storey displacement, Storey shear, Storey drift, with soft storey considering the effects of infill wall with central and partial openings are the parameters considered in this study. For modeling, the Equivalent diagonal strut method has been used to find out the width of Strut using FEMA 273 .The results for bare frame, infill wall, and infill wall with central and partial openings are discussed and conclusions are made. Keywords: Equivalent diagonal strut, stiffness, Drift limitation
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
Study on laminated rubber bearing base isolators for seismic protection of st...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Base isolation or seismic base isolation is an effective means for protection of structures, its contents and its occupants during the event of an earthquake. The principle of base isolation is vibration isolation. It decouples the building from damaging action of the earthquake. The isolator partially reflects and partially absorbs input seismic energy before it gets transmitted to the superstructure. Laminated Rubber Bearing Isolators are placed between the superstructure and foundation, which reduces the horizontal stiffness of the system. It thereby increases the time period of the structure and decreases the spectral acceleration of the structure. The superstructure acts like a rigid body, thus inter storey drift is reduced. Such type of isolators are used in practice in India, yet a proper design procedure based on IS code is unavailable. The paper presents design procedure for LRB adopting the procedure of IS 1893:2002 (Part-1) for earthquake resistant design of buildings. Design charts have been developed and presented in this paper which gives isolator diameter and rubber thickness as design outputs. The design procedure requires different input parameters like fundamental period and damping of the fixed base structure, axial load on the column, seismic zone, type of soil and shore hardness of rubber. These design charts enable the designer to easily arrive at the isolator parameters to achieve seismic isolation. Using the charts, case study has been done using SAP2000. Building displacement and acceleration are compared for model with and without base isolator. Comparative study of linear and non-linear base isolators has also been carried out. Linear and non-linear time history analysis has been done using El Centro earthquake.
Keywords: base isolation, laminated rubber bearing, IS Code, seismic protection, design charts, time history analysis, SAP2000
Seismic performance of r c buildings on sloping grounds with different types ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Structure are highly susceptible to serve damages in earthquake scenario, so choosing an appropriate lateral force resisting
bracing systems will have a significant effect on performance of the structure. So this present study is aimed at evaluating and
comparing various types of eccentric steel bracings for 12 storey RC frame building resisting on sloping ground configurations.
For this 5 types of bracing systems like X-Bracing, Diagonal bracing, K- bracing, V-bracing and inverted V bracing are
considered on the outer periphery of the buildings with step back and set back – step back type configurations are modeled and
analyzed. The models are compared for different aspects within the structure, such as the maximum storey displacement, base
shear, storey drift and storey shear, the structure is analyzed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2002
using ETABS software. Results conclude that on sloping ground due to irregularity on ground surface, the structures are more
vulnerable to earthquakes. Hence use of eccentric steel bracing is an effective and economical way to resist earthquake forces,
Inverted V type bracing performs well compared to other bracing types. By using inverted V type bracing in step back buildings
types maximum storey displacement of 70% and storey drift of 66% are obtained. Similarly for setback – step back configuration
maximum storey displacement of 74% and storey drift of 70% are obtained respectively.
Keywords: X-Bracing, Diagonal Bracing, K- Bracing, V-Bracing and Inverted V Bracing
Comparison of Two Similar Buildings with and without Base IsolationIJARIIT
Reinforced concrete is a major construction material for civil infrastructure in current society.
Construction design has always preceded the development of structural design methodology. Dramatic collapse of
buildings has been observed after each disastrous earthquake, resulting in loss of life. To prevent such a loss Baseisolation
is used which enables a building to survive potentially devastating seismic impact by providing flexibility into
the connection between the building and the foundation. The mechanism of the base isolator increases the natural
period of the overall structure, and decreases its acceleration response to earthquake/seismic motion. A reinforced
concrete building with lead rubber bearing is used. The study analysis performed to check for the adequacy of the
base isolation against earthquake damage when compared to the conventional earthquake resistant design. A building
was analyzed using the equivalent lateral force method and response spectrum analysis as fixed base (FB) and as
isolated base (IB) with lead rubber bearing. The analysis represents a case study for reinforced concrete to show the
ultimate capacity of the selected bearing system, and to make a comparison for the difference between the isolated
base and the fixed base buildings. R esults show that the presence of the lead rubber bearing reduces significantly the
displacement, moment and shear generated for the same mode and hence the reinforcement required is also lesser
when compared to the traditional fixed based structure.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Seismic analysis of high damping rubber bearings for base isolationeSAT Journals
Abstract
Base isolation is a mechanism that provides earthquake resistance to the new structure. The base isolation system decouples the building from the horizontal ground motion induced by earthquake, and offers very stiff vertical components to the base level of the superstructure in connection to substructure (foundation). It shifts the fundamental lateral period, dissipates the energy in damping, and reduces the amount of the lateral forces that transferred to the building, inter-story drift, and the floor acceleration.
The work deals with modelling and finite element analysis of a high damping rubber bearing in ANSYS 12.0. A displacement controlled transient analysis was done to analyse the behaviour of the isolator during earthquakes.
Keywords: Base isolation, High damping rubber, Transient analysis
Effect of base isolation in multistoried rc irregular building using time his...eSAT Journals
Abstract Base isolation (BI) is a technique that has been used around the world to protect the building structures from the damaging effects of earthquake. The installation of isolator in building at base level significantly increases the time period of the structure, which means it reduces the possibility of resonance of the structure giving rise to better seismic performance of the building. The study is performed to compare the effectiveness of base isolation in plan irregular and vertical irregular multi-storied RC frame building. For this study, 15 storied R.C frame building is considered and Time History analysis is carried out using ETABS 2013 software. The Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) is designed as per UBC 97 code and the same was used for analysis of base isolation system. The results obtained from the analysis were time period and base shear. Time period for the base isolated structures are higher than that of the fixed base structure. Due to the presence of isolator, Base shear is significantly reduced in each direction (X and Y direction) as compared to fixed base building. It has been found that when compared to plan irregular base isolated building the vertical irregular building gives better performance in high seismic prone area by using isolators at the base of the building.
Keywords: Base isolation, Lead rubber bearing, Time history analysis, Irregular building
Analysis of rc framed structures with central and partial openings in masonry...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Reinforced concrete frames the masonry infill walls are a common practice in countries like India, where the region is prone to seismic activity. In general, the masonry infill walls are treated as nonstructural element in structural analysis and only the contribution of its mass for is considered and it’s structural parameters like strength and stiffness is generally ignored in practice, such an approach may lead to an unsafe design. Infill walls resist lateral loads but because of the openings in the infill wall the resistance may slightly reduce. The IS code provisions do not provide guidelines for the analysis and design of RC frames with infill wall and for different percentage of openings. In this study, an office or residential building outer side central opening or outer side partial openings are used and analysis is carried for Bare Frame model, infill walls without opening, infill walls with outer periphery central opening and infill wall with outer periphery partial opening models. In ETABS software G+14 RC framed building models has been prepared, Equivalent Static Lateral force method, Response spectrum method has been performed for analysis as per IS 1893 : 2002 including p-delta effects. Storey displacement, Storey shear, Storey drift, with soft storey considering the effects of infill wall with central and partial openings are the parameters considered in this study. For modeling, the Equivalent diagonal strut method has been used to find out the width of Strut using FEMA 273 .The results for bare frame, infill wall, and infill wall with central and partial openings are discussed and conclusions are made. Keywords: Equivalent diagonal strut, stiffness, Drift limitation
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
Study on laminated rubber bearing base isolators for seismic protection of st...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Base isolation or seismic base isolation is an effective means for protection of structures, its contents and its occupants during the event of an earthquake. The principle of base isolation is vibration isolation. It decouples the building from damaging action of the earthquake. The isolator partially reflects and partially absorbs input seismic energy before it gets transmitted to the superstructure. Laminated Rubber Bearing Isolators are placed between the superstructure and foundation, which reduces the horizontal stiffness of the system. It thereby increases the time period of the structure and decreases the spectral acceleration of the structure. The superstructure acts like a rigid body, thus inter storey drift is reduced. Such type of isolators are used in practice in India, yet a proper design procedure based on IS code is unavailable. The paper presents design procedure for LRB adopting the procedure of IS 1893:2002 (Part-1) for earthquake resistant design of buildings. Design charts have been developed and presented in this paper which gives isolator diameter and rubber thickness as design outputs. The design procedure requires different input parameters like fundamental period and damping of the fixed base structure, axial load on the column, seismic zone, type of soil and shore hardness of rubber. These design charts enable the designer to easily arrive at the isolator parameters to achieve seismic isolation. Using the charts, case study has been done using SAP2000. Building displacement and acceleration are compared for model with and without base isolator. Comparative study of linear and non-linear base isolators has also been carried out. Linear and non-linear time history analysis has been done using El Centro earthquake.
Keywords: base isolation, laminated rubber bearing, IS Code, seismic protection, design charts, time history analysis, SAP2000
Seismic performance of r c buildings on sloping grounds with different types ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Structure are highly susceptible to serve damages in earthquake scenario, so choosing an appropriate lateral force resisting
bracing systems will have a significant effect on performance of the structure. So this present study is aimed at evaluating and
comparing various types of eccentric steel bracings for 12 storey RC frame building resisting on sloping ground configurations.
For this 5 types of bracing systems like X-Bracing, Diagonal bracing, K- bracing, V-bracing and inverted V bracing are
considered on the outer periphery of the buildings with step back and set back – step back type configurations are modeled and
analyzed. The models are compared for different aspects within the structure, such as the maximum storey displacement, base
shear, storey drift and storey shear, the structure is analyzed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2002
using ETABS software. Results conclude that on sloping ground due to irregularity on ground surface, the structures are more
vulnerable to earthquakes. Hence use of eccentric steel bracing is an effective and economical way to resist earthquake forces,
Inverted V type bracing performs well compared to other bracing types. By using inverted V type bracing in step back buildings
types maximum storey displacement of 70% and storey drift of 66% are obtained. Similarly for setback – step back configuration
maximum storey displacement of 74% and storey drift of 70% are obtained respectively.
Keywords: X-Bracing, Diagonal Bracing, K- Bracing, V-Bracing and Inverted V Bracing
Comparison of Two Similar Buildings with and without Base IsolationIJARIIT
Reinforced concrete is a major construction material for civil infrastructure in current society.
Construction design has always preceded the development of structural design methodology. Dramatic collapse of
buildings has been observed after each disastrous earthquake, resulting in loss of life. To prevent such a loss Baseisolation
is used which enables a building to survive potentially devastating seismic impact by providing flexibility into
the connection between the building and the foundation. The mechanism of the base isolator increases the natural
period of the overall structure, and decreases its acceleration response to earthquake/seismic motion. A reinforced
concrete building with lead rubber bearing is used. The study analysis performed to check for the adequacy of the
base isolation against earthquake damage when compared to the conventional earthquake resistant design. A building
was analyzed using the equivalent lateral force method and response spectrum analysis as fixed base (FB) and as
isolated base (IB) with lead rubber bearing. The analysis represents a case study for reinforced concrete to show the
ultimate capacity of the selected bearing system, and to make a comparison for the difference between the isolated
base and the fixed base buildings. R esults show that the presence of the lead rubber bearing reduces significantly the
displacement, moment and shear generated for the same mode and hence the reinforcement required is also lesser
when compared to the traditional fixed based structure.
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method. Regarding the conceptual design phase early collaboration between the architect and civil engineering is crucial.
Il Festival della Lentezza è un manifestazione che si è tenuta dal 12 al 14 giugno presso la Reggia di Colorno (PR). Si tratta di una tre giorni di dibattiti che hanno avuto come tema centrale la "lentezza" e nasce dall’idea di restituire a noi stessi quel tempo sottratto a cui abbiamo rinunciato, un giorno alla volta.
Assieme al team di cui faccio parte, mi sono occupato della revisione del sito internet e della gestione dei social network, in particolare Facebook, Instagram e Twitter, raggiungendo importanti risultati sia in termini di engagement sui diversi social, sia in termini di presenze durante la tre giorni del festival.
Blog 7 - Promotional – Creating Brand - A2 Media Courseworkfredwardy
A blog post of which i did for part of my A2 media coursework on media and media consumption as well as the different techniques used and different examples that have been produced in previous years.
Highly Deformable Energy-Dissipating Reinforced Concrete Elements in Seismic ...IJERA Editor
Incorporating scrap tyre rubber particles as partial replacement for aggregates has been found to produce concrete with improved ductility, deformability and damping which are desired characteristics of a viable material for enhancing structural response to earthquake vibrations. An analytical study using Drain-2dX was carried out to investigate the response of 4-storey, 3-bay reinforced concrete frames on innovative rubberised concrete deformable foundation models to simulated earthquake scaled to 5 different peak ground accelerations. Stress-strain properties of 3-layers aramid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confinement for concrete incorporating waste rubber from scrap vehicle tyres were used to model the elements of this foundation models. With a partial decoupling of the superstructure from the direct earthquake force, the models showed up to 70% reduction in base shear, an improved overall q-factor of 7.1, and an estimated frame acceleration of 0.11g for an earthquake peak ground acceleration of 0.44g. This implies that a non-seismically designed reinforced concrete frame on the proposed rubberised concrete deformable foundation system would provide a simple, affordable and equally efficient alternative to the conventional and usually expensive earthquake resistant concrete frames. A supplementary Arrest System (SAS) was proposed to anchor the frame from the resulting soft storey at the rubberised concrete foundation. A further research is recommended for the design of concrete hinges with rubberised concrete as used in the model with the most impressive response
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Seismic analysis of base isolated building in rc framed structures 1868
1. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 170
Research Publish Journals
Seismic Analysis of Base Isolated Building in
RC Framed Structures
1
Anusha R Reddy, 2
Dr. V Ramesh
2
Proffessor and HOD of Civil Engineering Department, East Point College of Engineering and Technology,
Bangalore, India
Abstract: An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, which may be dangerous enough to destroy
major buildings and kill thousands of people. To protect the structures from earthquake effects there is a system
known as base isolation systems. Base isolation is the technique is most widely accepted and used for seismic
protection of the building in earthquake prone areas. The aim of this research is to study the mode period of
different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In this study, two building’s are considered
first structure is G+13 storey building and second is G+5 storey building which is designed and analyzed in E
TABS 13.2.1 software. Lead rubber isolator are provided to both the structures and then linear response spectrum
and time history analysis are carried out for both fixed base and base isolated buildings under zone v and soil type
II i.e. medium soil (according to IS 1893(part 1):2002). After analysis, the mode period, base shear, acceleration
and displacement are compared for response spectrum and time history analysis for fixed base and base isolated
buildings.
Keywords: Base isolation, response spectrum analysis, time history analysis, lead rubber bearing, E TABS.
1. INTRODUCTION
The first step in understanding earthquake risk is to dissect the earthquake risk or loss process into its constituent steps.
Earthquake risk begins with the occurrence of the earthquake, which results in a number of earthquake hazards. The most
fundamental of these hazards is faulting, that is, the surface expression of the differential movement of blocks of the
Earth’s crust. To avoid the consequences of earthquake there is a technique known as base isolation.
Seismic isolation is a simple structural design approach to mitigate or reduce earthquake damage potential. Seismic
isolated structures are currently difficult to analyze, design and implement, however, due to complex code requirements.
Seismic isolation is an approach to earthquake-resistant design that is based on the concept of reducing the seismic
demand rather than increasing the earthquake resistance capacity of the structure. Proper application of this technology
leads to better performing structures that will remain essentially elastic during large earthquake.
Base isolation is now a mature technology and is used in many countries, and there are a number of acceptable isolation
systems, the construction of which is well understood. Conventionally, seismic design of building structures is based on
the concept of increasing the resistance capacity of the structures against earthquakes by employing.
A seismic base isolator is a flexible support of the building, which should fulfil the following requirements:
The material is stiff under low service loads like wind and small tremors.
Period of vibration of the system is increased sufficiently so as to reduce the seismic force response.
It should have the ability to with stand the large displacement and pulse-type base motions from near-fault
earthquakes.
It should have a parallel damping mechanism such that the relative deflection between the building and the ground is
reduced.
2. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 171
Research Publish Journals
1.1 Types of base isolators:
The most common types of base isolators used in buildings are
1. Elastomeric (rubber) bearings.
2. Lead rubber bearing.
3. High damping rubber bearing (HDRB)
4. Friction pendulum system bearing.
Figure 1. Lead rubber bearing
2. METHODOLOGY
Two 3D RC frames structures in which first building with 3 bay by 3 bay and 14(G+13) storey of dimension
15mx15mx49m and second building with 3 bay by 3 bay and 6(G+5) storey of dimension 15mx15mx21m has been taken
for seismic analysis. four building models are considered for comparison
Model 1: fixed base building for G+13 storey’s
Model 2: lead rubber isolated building for G+ 13 storeys
Model 3: fixed base building for G+5 storey’s
Model 4: lead rubber isolated building for G+ 5 storeys
After modeling of structures in ETABS software, their response is studied under response spectrum and time history
analysis.
The parameters considered for G+13 and G+5 storey buildings are as follows:
Beam size = 0.3 m x 0.5 m
Column size = 0.5 m x 0.5 m
Slab thickness = 0.12 m
Live load on the slab = 2.5 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1.0 kN/m2
Grade of Concrete = M25
Grade of Steel = Fe415
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 415000 kN/m2
Compressive strength of concrete, fck = 25000 kN/m2
3. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 172
Research Publish Journals
Figure 2: Building plan of G+ 13 storeys with fixed base
Figure 3: Building plan of G+ 5 storeys with fixed base
Figure 4: 3D of G+ 13 storeys with fixed base
4. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 173
Research Publish Journals
Figure 5: 3D of G+ 5 storeys with fixed base
Building data for G+13 storey building is:
Number of Storey’s = 14 Storey (G +13)
Bottom storey = 3.5 m
Other storey’s = 3.5 m
Link element = 0.5 m
Building data for G+5 storey building is:
Number of Storey’s = 6 Storey (G +5)
Bottom storey = 3.5 m
Other storey’s = 3.5 m
Link element = 0.5 m
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. Mode period:
Table 1. Comparison of mode (time) period for G+13 storey building
Model Time period(sec) Mode-1
(X-direction)
Time period(sec) Mode-2
(Y-direction)
Time period(sec) Mode-3
(Torsion)
Model- 1 2.146 2.146 1.805
Model- 2 2.667 2.667 2.305
5. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 174
Research Publish Journals
Table 2. Comparison of mode (time) period for G+5 storey building
Model Time period(sec)Mode-1 (X-
direction)
Time period(sec) Mode-2
(Y-direction)
Time period(sec) Mode-3
(Torsion)
Model- 1 0.875 0.875 0.758
Model- 2 1.642 1.642 1.463
The mode period of the structure being 2.146 sec in fixed condition is increased to 2.667 sec after providing base isolator
i.e. the time period of G+13 storey building almost increased by 19% after providing lead rubber isolator when compared
to fixed base building in both X and Y direction.
The mode period of the structure being 0.875 sec in fixed condition is increased to 1.642 sec after installing lead rubber
isolator i.e. the time period of G+5 storey building almost increased by 47 % after providing lead rubber isolator when
compared to fixed base building in both X and Y direction.
2. Base shear:
Table 3. Comparison of base shear (kN) for G+13 storey building
Models
Base shear (kN)
Response spectrum analysis Time history analysis
X-direction Y-direction Y-direction X-direction
Model-1 760.774 760.774 1219.09 1219.09
Model-2 611.85 611.85 1071.65 1071.65
Figure: 6. Variation of base shear (kN) in G+13 storey building
Table: 4. Comparison of base shear (kN) for G+5 storey building
Models
Base shear (kN)
Response spectrum analysis Time history analysis
X-direction Y-direction Y-direction X-direction
Model-1 753.81 753.81 2266.32 2266.32
Model-2 392.77 392.77 608.18 608.18
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
X-direction Y-direction X-direction Y-direction
RESPONSE SPECTRUM TIME HISTROY
Baseshear(kN)
model1(FIXED)
model2(Base-isolated)
6. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 175
Research Publish Journals
Figure: 7. Variation of base shear (kN) in G+5 storey building
In response spectrum method the base shear obtained in both X and Y direction is 760.774 kN for fixed base building and
611.84 kN for lead rubber isolated building. Thus the bases shear of the building in X and Y direction is reduced by 20%
for lead rubber isolator when compared to fixed base.
In time history method the base shear obtained in both X and Y direction is 1219.09 kN for fixed base and 1071.65 kN for
rubber isolated building. Thus the base shears of the building in X and Y direction is reduced by 12% for lead rubber
isolator when compared to fixed base.
In response spectrum method the base shear obtained in both X and Y direction is 753.81 kN for fixed base building and
392.77 kN for lead rubber isolated building. Thus the base shears of the building in X and Y direction is reduced by 48%
for lead rubber isolator when compared to fixed base.
In time history method the base shear obtained in both X and Y direction is 2266.32kN for fixed base building and 608.18
kN for lead rubber isolated building. Thus the base shears of the building in X and Y direction is reduced by 74% for lead
rubber isolator when compared to fixed base.
Thus result of base shear is found to be highly reduced when lead rubber bearing is installed, and thus lead rubber bearing
are more suitable for multi-storeyed building which are situated in higher zone.
4. CONCLUSION
After providing rubber base isolator the mode period of structure is increased by 19% and 47% for G+13 and G+5
storey buildings. It is investigated that the mode period is increased after providing rubber isolator due to the flexible
property of the isolator.
For response spectrum analysis the base shear for G+ 13 storeys building in X and Y direction for fixed condition is
760.77 kN and for G+5 storey is 753.81 kN. After providing rubber isolator the base shear for G+13 storey building is
611.85 kN and for G+5 storey is 392.3 kN.
For time history analysis the base shear for G+ 13 storeys building in X and Y direction for fixed condition is 1219.09
kN and for G+5 storey is 2266.32 kN. After providing rubber isolator the base shear for G+13 storey building is 1071.76
kN and for G+5 storey is 608.18 kN. By proving rubber isolator, the base shear is reduced to an average of 34% in
response spectrum analysis and 43% in time history analysis.
When compared with fixed base structure, the base shear is reduced in base isolated structures, thus the response of
building is good in base isolated structures than fixed base structures.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
X-direction
Y-direction
X-direction
Y-direction
RESPONSE
SPECTRUM
TIME HISTROY
Baseshear(kN)
model1(fixed)
model2(base-isolated)
7. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (170-176), Month: April 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Page | 176
Research Publish Journals
REFERENCES
[1] IS 1893:2002, Indian Standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, General provisions and
buildings, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[2] IS 456-2000 Indian Standard Plain and reinforced concrete.
[3] Naeim, F. and Kelly, J.M. (1999). Design of seismic isolated structures: from theory to practice. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York.
[4] Kelly JM. ―Earthquake Resistant Design with Rubber‖, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., Great Britain,
1997.
[5] Duggal S. K. (2010), ―Earthquake Resistance Design of Structure‖, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
[6] Uniform Building Code UBC (1997), Chapter 16, Division IV—Earthquake regulations for Seismic-Isolated
Structures.
[7] Chandak N. R.,‖ Effect of Base Isolation on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Building‖, Journal of Civil
Engineering Research, pp. 135-142, 2013.
[8] Mr.D.Dhandapany (2014), Comparative Study of and Analysis of Earthquake G+5 Storey Building with RC Shear
Wall, Int.J. Engineering Research and Advanced Technology, Vol 2 (3),167-171.
[9] Shirule. P.A, Jagtap.P, Sonawane.K.R, Patil.T, D, Jadwanir N and Sonar. S. K ―Time History Analysis of Base
Isolated Multi-Storyed Building‖ , august 2012,p.p-809-816,vol(04)..
[10] A.B.M. Saiful Islam a, Raja Rizwan Hussain b, Mohammed Jameel a, Mohd Zamin Jumaat a ―Non-linear time
domain analysis of base isolated multi-storey building under site specific bi-directional seismic loading‖ (2012)
554–566.