LTE networks get more mature and new terminals of different capabilities are being introduced. 3GPP just defined the new LTE-A UE categories to support terminals with peak data rates of up to 450 Mbps in the downlink. This white paper provides an overview of all existing LTE/LTE-A UE categories and presents the new Release 11 capabilities that have just been standardized. Furthermore it describes key scenarios and use cases such as the support for downlink carrier aggregation with 3 downlink carriers with up to 60 MHz of total bandwidth.
3GPP RAN plenary meeting #84 in Newport Beach, US, in June 2019, discussed the content of 5G New Radio (5G-NR) Release 17 standardization. One of the defined key areas for 5G enhancements for 5G enhancements is NR Broadcast / Multicast (BC/MC). Important use cases for this technology are NR Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), NR Public Safety and NR Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). This white paper proposes a mechanism of link adaptation in coordination with higher layer Error Correction. A detailed description and system-level simulation-based evaluation of the proposed scheme is provided in this White Paper.
Status 3GPP LTE-V2X work item on vehicular communication - Sept 2016 Eiko Seidel
3GPP started to work on developing functionality to provide enhancements specific for vehicular communications both in terms of direct communication between vehicles, and vehicles to pedestrian/infrastructure, and cellular communications with networks. This document summarizes the status of the V2X work in 3GPP.
source: www.3gpp.org - TDoc RP-161788
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status for 5G
New Services and Markets Technology Enablers
Architecture for Next Generation System
Next Generation Radio Access Technology
TSG Plenary Status for LTE-Advanced Pro
References
5G RAN - Split of Functions between Central and Distributed UnitEiko Seidel
R3-161285 from 3GPP TSG RAN WG3 Meeting #92 in Nanjing, China, 23 - 27 May 2016
Source: Deutsche Telekom, Orange, T-Mobile US, Telstra, SK Telecom
See: www.3gpp.org
The document shares some practical considerations from an operator viewpoint with the aim to aid the discussions to find reasonable functional split options between central and distributed unit for the NR.
Towards achieving-high-performance-in-5g-mobile-packet-cores-user-plane-functionEiko Seidel
White Paper Intel SK Telekom
This paper presents the architecture for a user plane function (UPF) in the mobile packet core (MPC) targeting 5G deployments.
3GPP LTE-A Standardisation in Release 12 and Beyond - Jan 2013 Eiko Seidel, C...Eiko Seidel
Quite some time ago major improvements have been made to LTE with LTE-Advanced as part of 3GPP Release 10. Unquestionably, LTE-A will be the leading global 4G standard fulfilling the defined ITU-R requirements [1] on IMT-Advanced such as peak data rates beyond 1Gbps. While further enhancements to LTE-Advanced have just been completed in 3GPP Release 11, the new technology trends become visible to serve the continuously growing traffic demand. This White Paper, based on Nomor’s attendance of 3GPP, provides an outlook on 3GPP standardisation for the forthcoming years. Besides a summary of general trends and a projected release schedule, it includes an overview of the work and study items of Release 12 in the Radio Working Groups. New key technologies that Release 12 will address are: Small Cell Enhancements, a New Carrier Type, 3D-MIMO Beamforming, Machine-Type-Communication, LTE-WiFi Integration at radio level and Public Safety incl. Device-to-Device communication. While the completion of Release 12 is expected mid of 2014, deployments might be seen around the end of 2015 and later. NoMoR is active in different related research projects and offers consultancy services for related research, standardisation, simulation, early prototyping and technology training.
A Flexible Network Architecture for 5G SystemsEiko Seidel
In this paper, we define a flexible, adaptable, and programmable architecture for 5Gmobile networks, taking into consideration the requirements, KPIs, and the current gaps in the literature, based on three design fundamentals: (i) split of user and control plane, (ii) service-based architecturewithin the core network (in line with recent industry and standard consensus), and (iii) fully flexible support of E2E slicing via per-domain and cross-domain optimisation, devising inter-slice control and management functions, and refining the behavioural models via experiment-driven optimisation.The proposed architecture model further facilitates the
realisation of slices providing specific functionality, such as network resilience, security functions, and network elasticity. The proposed architecture consists of four different layers identified as network layer, controller layer, management and orchestration layer, and service layer. A key contribution of this paper is the definition of the role of each layer, the relationship between layers, and the identification of the required internal modules within each of the layers. In particular, the proposed architecture extends the reference architectures proposed in the Standards Developing Organisations like 3GPP and ETSI, by building on these while addressing several gaps identified within the corresponding baseline models. We additionally present findings, the design guidelines, and evaluation studies on a selected set of key concepts identified to enable flexible cloudification of the protocol stack, adaptive network slicing, and inter-slice control and management.
3GPP RAN plenary meeting #84 in Newport Beach, US, in June 2019, discussed the content of 5G New Radio (5G-NR) Release 17 standardization. One of the defined key areas for 5G enhancements for 5G enhancements is NR Broadcast / Multicast (BC/MC). Important use cases for this technology are NR Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), NR Public Safety and NR Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). This white paper proposes a mechanism of link adaptation in coordination with higher layer Error Correction. A detailed description and system-level simulation-based evaluation of the proposed scheme is provided in this White Paper.
Status 3GPP LTE-V2X work item on vehicular communication - Sept 2016 Eiko Seidel
3GPP started to work on developing functionality to provide enhancements specific for vehicular communications both in terms of direct communication between vehicles, and vehicles to pedestrian/infrastructure, and cellular communications with networks. This document summarizes the status of the V2X work in 3GPP.
source: www.3gpp.org - TDoc RP-161788
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status for 5G
New Services and Markets Technology Enablers
Architecture for Next Generation System
Next Generation Radio Access Technology
TSG Plenary Status for LTE-Advanced Pro
References
5G RAN - Split of Functions between Central and Distributed UnitEiko Seidel
R3-161285 from 3GPP TSG RAN WG3 Meeting #92 in Nanjing, China, 23 - 27 May 2016
Source: Deutsche Telekom, Orange, T-Mobile US, Telstra, SK Telecom
See: www.3gpp.org
The document shares some practical considerations from an operator viewpoint with the aim to aid the discussions to find reasonable functional split options between central and distributed unit for the NR.
Towards achieving-high-performance-in-5g-mobile-packet-cores-user-plane-functionEiko Seidel
White Paper Intel SK Telekom
This paper presents the architecture for a user plane function (UPF) in the mobile packet core (MPC) targeting 5G deployments.
3GPP LTE-A Standardisation in Release 12 and Beyond - Jan 2013 Eiko Seidel, C...Eiko Seidel
Quite some time ago major improvements have been made to LTE with LTE-Advanced as part of 3GPP Release 10. Unquestionably, LTE-A will be the leading global 4G standard fulfilling the defined ITU-R requirements [1] on IMT-Advanced such as peak data rates beyond 1Gbps. While further enhancements to LTE-Advanced have just been completed in 3GPP Release 11, the new technology trends become visible to serve the continuously growing traffic demand. This White Paper, based on Nomor’s attendance of 3GPP, provides an outlook on 3GPP standardisation for the forthcoming years. Besides a summary of general trends and a projected release schedule, it includes an overview of the work and study items of Release 12 in the Radio Working Groups. New key technologies that Release 12 will address are: Small Cell Enhancements, a New Carrier Type, 3D-MIMO Beamforming, Machine-Type-Communication, LTE-WiFi Integration at radio level and Public Safety incl. Device-to-Device communication. While the completion of Release 12 is expected mid of 2014, deployments might be seen around the end of 2015 and later. NoMoR is active in different related research projects and offers consultancy services for related research, standardisation, simulation, early prototyping and technology training.
A Flexible Network Architecture for 5G SystemsEiko Seidel
In this paper, we define a flexible, adaptable, and programmable architecture for 5Gmobile networks, taking into consideration the requirements, KPIs, and the current gaps in the literature, based on three design fundamentals: (i) split of user and control plane, (ii) service-based architecturewithin the core network (in line with recent industry and standard consensus), and (iii) fully flexible support of E2E slicing via per-domain and cross-domain optimisation, devising inter-slice control and management functions, and refining the behavioural models via experiment-driven optimisation.The proposed architecture model further facilitates the
realisation of slices providing specific functionality, such as network resilience, security functions, and network elasticity. The proposed architecture consists of four different layers identified as network layer, controller layer, management and orchestration layer, and service layer. A key contribution of this paper is the definition of the role of each layer, the relationship between layers, and the identification of the required internal modules within each of the layers. In particular, the proposed architecture extends the reference architectures proposed in the Standards Developing Organisations like 3GPP and ETSI, by building on these while addressing several gaps identified within the corresponding baseline models. We additionally present findings, the design guidelines, and evaluation studies on a selected set of key concepts identified to enable flexible cloudification of the protocol stack, adaptive network slicing, and inter-slice control and management.
3GPP Spectrum Access Evolution Towards 5GGrandmetric
The ever-increasing needs for more spectrum resources, and the emerging new Radio Access Technologies under the 5G
umbrella add to the complexity of the Spectrum Toolbox in mobile networks landscape. This article covers 3GPP LTE
evolution from Release 8 up to the Release 14, which deals with the LTE-Advanced Pro enhancements. A collection of
available frequency bands, spectrum aggregation mechanisms, licensing and duplexing schemes, as well as spectrum
sharing and refarming techniques is described. With such a classification, Spectrum Toolbox is defined and its evolution
directions are discussed, with the opportunities and challenges of the individual features summarized. Studies on the new
non-backwards compatible Radio Access Technology, as well as the new channel models for higher frequency bands are
also covered. The presented Spectrum Toolbox is considered as a baseline for the introduction of the new air interface
framework towards 5G ecosystem in the context of future mobile networks enhancements.
Research article from EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cognitive Communications, doi: 10.4108/eai.23-2-2017.152184
3GPP Newsletter: Status 5G Architecture Study in 3GPP SA2Eiko Seidel
The System and Service Aspects – Architecture group (SA2) of 3GPP has a dedicated study item for the study of the next generation networks. It is expected that this work will form the basis of the system architecture for the future 5G networks. Within SA2 group, regular meetings and discussions are held to discuss the progress of this study item. NoMoR Research follows these activities. This report presents a condensed summary of the earlier mentioned study item, including the latest updates from the most recent meeting held in Vienna, Austria from 11th – 14th July, 2016.
Time is everywhere but it's implementation in #5G is not easy. Unlike #4G, #TDD is more common in 5G especially in mid-bands [ #3.5Ghz (CBRS) and #Sub6Ghz ] to higher bands (as in mmWave) spectrums and also in spectrum overlays. TDD provides #spectrum efficiency but requires precision time synchronization.
Read this article to learn more about 5G synchronization challenges and how to address it.
Overview 5G NR Radio Protocols by Intel Eiko Seidel
Very nice overview of the 5G Radio Interface protocol as defined by 3GPP in NR Rel.15. The document was submitted to the 3GPP workshop on ITU submission in Brussels on Oct 24, 2018.
I AM SUDANESE,MASTER OF TELECOM FROM SUDAN UNEVERSITY ,THIS IS MY DOCUMENT I INVESTIGATE IN LTE WITH MORE THAN 50 REFERENCE , GOD BLESS US ,PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ABOUT ANY THING IN THIS TOPIC
MY EMAIL khalidaam2015@hotmail,khalidaa@sudatel.sd
دعواتكم لى وللوالدين ولاهلى , الحمد لله فبنعمته تتم الصالحات اللهم احفظ الدول الاسلامية من كل كيد واغدق عليهم الرخاء
White Paper: Dynamic TDD for LTE-a (eIMTA) and 5GEiko Seidel
LTE, which was originally designed with fixed FDD or TDD modes with little flexibility for varying the capacity split between uplink and downlink, is being augmented with features that allow for more flexible use of radio resources. One of these features is “enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation” (eIMTA) which notably allows for very dynamic adaptation of the TDD pattern e.g. in response to varying capacity requirements in uplink and downlink. eIMTA was standardized in LTE-A Release 12 and eIMTA-like functionality is considered to be one of the key enablers for 5G technologies. The purpose of this paper therefore is to shed some light on eIMTA, its main characteristics and capabilities and to illustrate its behaviour by means of system-level simulations.
At present, the global information age has arrived, the total amount of data has exploded, and people's demand for data and information is increasing. The birth of LTE is to continuously optimize wireless communication technology to meet customers' higher requirements for wireless communication.
LTE is a long-term evolution of the UMTS technical standard formulated by the 3GPP organization, in 2004 The project was formally established and launched at the 3GPP Toronto meeting in December.
LTE is a wireless data communication technology standard. The current goal of LTE is to use new technologies and modulation methods to improve the data transmission capacity and data transmission speed of wireless networks, such as new digital signal processing (DSP) technologies, which were mostly proposed around 2000.
The long-term goal of LTE is to simplify and redesign the network architecture to make it an IP-based network, which will help reduce potential undesirable factors in the 3G transition.
LTE technology mainly has two mainstream modes, TDD and FDD, and the two modes have their own characteristics. Among them, FDD-LTE is widely used internationally, while TD-LTE is more common in my country.
The LTE (Long Term Evolution) project is an evolution of 3G, a transition between 3G and 4G technologies, and a global standard of 3.9G.
It has improved and enhanced the 3G air access technology, using OFDM and MIMO as the only standard for its wireless network evolution. It provides a peak rate of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink under a 20MHz spectrum bandwidth, which improves the performance of cell-edge users, increases cell capacity, and reduces system delay.
In order to better understand LTE, we have listed 41 basic knowledge of LTE for your reference.
3GPP Packet Core Towards 5G Communication SystemsOfinno
This presentation provides an overview of 3GPP packet core and 5G systems. Some enabler features are outlined, such as network slicing. This presentation was prepared for the 20th Annual International Conference on Next Generation Internet and Related Technologies Net-Centric 2017 that was held at George Mason University.
Final Performance Evaluation of 3GPP NR eMBB within 5G-PPP consortiumEiko Seidel
Nomor Research contributed extensive system level simulation results to the evaluation group of the 5G-PPP consortium as an independent source. The evaluation has been submitted to 34th meeting of the ITU-R Working Party 5D confirming that the 5G requirements of 3GPP New Radio air interface are indeed fulfilled. With the presentation of the evaluation reports at the ITU-R Working Party 5D meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland, in February 2020, the independent evaluation activity has officially been closed.
The system level simulations performed by Nomor Research GmbH are only a part of the overall evaluation of the 5G NR air interface. A summary of the simulation-based evaluation based on the 5G NR RealNeS system simulator is being provided in this white paper.
Spectrum Toolbox includes a wide set of bands ranging from 450MHz up to 100GHz with licensed and unlicensed spectrum, covering different licensing options, as well as different access schemes, Bandwidth aggregation mechanisms, duplexing and RATs. On top of that, 5G requirements target tight integration of all these elements to unify the operation of the next generation mobile systems and to provide the possibility to adapt to different use cases and scenarios that will further complicate the overall landscape.
The need for Synchronisation in Telecommunications3G4G
The need for some sort of synchronisation in telecommunications has existed almost as long as telecommunications itself. However synchronisation in the form dominant in the last 50 or so years arose from the introduction of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) for transmission of voice telephony, and the use of digital switching techniques to establish voice circuits between subscribers as required. Martin Kingston explains.
*** Shared with Permission - ITP Journal Volume 10 | Part 1 - 2016 ***
LTE Release 13 and SMARTER – Road Towards 5GYi-Hsueh Tsai
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status
RAN workshop on 5G
SA1 5G SMARTER
Radio Interface Technology definition
Time Delay analysis
Four New Building Block Study Items for 5G
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Massive Internet of Things
Critical Machine Communications (ultra-reliable and low latency)
Network operation (including Migration and Interworking)
Capabilities of Future IMT systems
Conclusions
S1 154010 Summary of CEPT Report 52 regarding BDA2GCYi-Hsueh Tsai
1.Background
2.Harmonisationpossibilities-Broadband DA2GC
3.Broadband Direct Air To Ground Communications
- DA2GCS (2x10 MHz for FDD operation)
- DA2GCS (20 MHz for TDD operation)
4.Compatibility/sharing scenarios for DA2GC
- Definitions for Broadband DA2GC (ECC Report 214)
- BDA2GC RL/FL in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz
- BDA2GC RL/FL in the frequency band 2010-2025 MHz
5.Conclusion
Heterogeneous LTE Networks and Inter-Cell Interference Coordination - Dec 201...Eiko Seidel
Initial deployments of LTE networks are based on so-called homogeneous networks consisting of base stations providing basic coverage, called macro base stations. The concept of heterogeneous networks has recently attracted considerable attention to optimize performance particularly for unequal user or traffic distribution. Here, the layer of planned high-power macro eNBs is overlaid with layers of lower-power pico or femto eNBs that are deployed in a less well planed or even entirely uncoordinated manner. Such deployments can achieve significantly improved overall capacity and cell-edge performance and are often seen as the second phase in LTE network deployment.
This paper discusses the concept of heterogeneous networks as compared to homogeneous networks. It demonstrates the need for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) and outlines some ICIC methods that are feasible with release 8 /9 of the LTE standard. System-level simulation results illustrate the benefits of the various features discussed in the following.
Multi-layer heterogeneous network layout including small cell base stations are considered to be the key to further enhancements of the spectral efficiency achieved in mobile communication networks. It has been recognized that inter-cell interference has become the limiting factor when trying to achieve not only high average user satisfaction, but a high degree of satisfaction for as many users as possible. Therefore, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) lies in the focus of researchers defining next generation mobile communication standards, such as LTE-A.
Building upon [1], this paper provides an overview over the background calling for ICIC in heterogeneous LTE-A networks. It outlines techniques standardized in Rel. 10 of LTE-A, discusses them showing their benefits and limitations by means of system-level simulations and motivates the importance of self optimizing network (SON) procedures for ICIC in LTE-A.
3GPP Spectrum Access Evolution Towards 5GGrandmetric
The ever-increasing needs for more spectrum resources, and the emerging new Radio Access Technologies under the 5G
umbrella add to the complexity of the Spectrum Toolbox in mobile networks landscape. This article covers 3GPP LTE
evolution from Release 8 up to the Release 14, which deals with the LTE-Advanced Pro enhancements. A collection of
available frequency bands, spectrum aggregation mechanisms, licensing and duplexing schemes, as well as spectrum
sharing and refarming techniques is described. With such a classification, Spectrum Toolbox is defined and its evolution
directions are discussed, with the opportunities and challenges of the individual features summarized. Studies on the new
non-backwards compatible Radio Access Technology, as well as the new channel models for higher frequency bands are
also covered. The presented Spectrum Toolbox is considered as a baseline for the introduction of the new air interface
framework towards 5G ecosystem in the context of future mobile networks enhancements.
Research article from EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cognitive Communications, doi: 10.4108/eai.23-2-2017.152184
3GPP Newsletter: Status 5G Architecture Study in 3GPP SA2Eiko Seidel
The System and Service Aspects – Architecture group (SA2) of 3GPP has a dedicated study item for the study of the next generation networks. It is expected that this work will form the basis of the system architecture for the future 5G networks. Within SA2 group, regular meetings and discussions are held to discuss the progress of this study item. NoMoR Research follows these activities. This report presents a condensed summary of the earlier mentioned study item, including the latest updates from the most recent meeting held in Vienna, Austria from 11th – 14th July, 2016.
Time is everywhere but it's implementation in #5G is not easy. Unlike #4G, #TDD is more common in 5G especially in mid-bands [ #3.5Ghz (CBRS) and #Sub6Ghz ] to higher bands (as in mmWave) spectrums and also in spectrum overlays. TDD provides #spectrum efficiency but requires precision time synchronization.
Read this article to learn more about 5G synchronization challenges and how to address it.
Overview 5G NR Radio Protocols by Intel Eiko Seidel
Very nice overview of the 5G Radio Interface protocol as defined by 3GPP in NR Rel.15. The document was submitted to the 3GPP workshop on ITU submission in Brussels on Oct 24, 2018.
I AM SUDANESE,MASTER OF TELECOM FROM SUDAN UNEVERSITY ,THIS IS MY DOCUMENT I INVESTIGATE IN LTE WITH MORE THAN 50 REFERENCE , GOD BLESS US ,PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ABOUT ANY THING IN THIS TOPIC
MY EMAIL khalidaam2015@hotmail,khalidaa@sudatel.sd
دعواتكم لى وللوالدين ولاهلى , الحمد لله فبنعمته تتم الصالحات اللهم احفظ الدول الاسلامية من كل كيد واغدق عليهم الرخاء
White Paper: Dynamic TDD for LTE-a (eIMTA) and 5GEiko Seidel
LTE, which was originally designed with fixed FDD or TDD modes with little flexibility for varying the capacity split between uplink and downlink, is being augmented with features that allow for more flexible use of radio resources. One of these features is “enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation” (eIMTA) which notably allows for very dynamic adaptation of the TDD pattern e.g. in response to varying capacity requirements in uplink and downlink. eIMTA was standardized in LTE-A Release 12 and eIMTA-like functionality is considered to be one of the key enablers for 5G technologies. The purpose of this paper therefore is to shed some light on eIMTA, its main characteristics and capabilities and to illustrate its behaviour by means of system-level simulations.
At present, the global information age has arrived, the total amount of data has exploded, and people's demand for data and information is increasing. The birth of LTE is to continuously optimize wireless communication technology to meet customers' higher requirements for wireless communication.
LTE is a long-term evolution of the UMTS technical standard formulated by the 3GPP organization, in 2004 The project was formally established and launched at the 3GPP Toronto meeting in December.
LTE is a wireless data communication technology standard. The current goal of LTE is to use new technologies and modulation methods to improve the data transmission capacity and data transmission speed of wireless networks, such as new digital signal processing (DSP) technologies, which were mostly proposed around 2000.
The long-term goal of LTE is to simplify and redesign the network architecture to make it an IP-based network, which will help reduce potential undesirable factors in the 3G transition.
LTE technology mainly has two mainstream modes, TDD and FDD, and the two modes have their own characteristics. Among them, FDD-LTE is widely used internationally, while TD-LTE is more common in my country.
The LTE (Long Term Evolution) project is an evolution of 3G, a transition between 3G and 4G technologies, and a global standard of 3.9G.
It has improved and enhanced the 3G air access technology, using OFDM and MIMO as the only standard for its wireless network evolution. It provides a peak rate of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink under a 20MHz spectrum bandwidth, which improves the performance of cell-edge users, increases cell capacity, and reduces system delay.
In order to better understand LTE, we have listed 41 basic knowledge of LTE for your reference.
3GPP Packet Core Towards 5G Communication SystemsOfinno
This presentation provides an overview of 3GPP packet core and 5G systems. Some enabler features are outlined, such as network slicing. This presentation was prepared for the 20th Annual International Conference on Next Generation Internet and Related Technologies Net-Centric 2017 that was held at George Mason University.
Final Performance Evaluation of 3GPP NR eMBB within 5G-PPP consortiumEiko Seidel
Nomor Research contributed extensive system level simulation results to the evaluation group of the 5G-PPP consortium as an independent source. The evaluation has been submitted to 34th meeting of the ITU-R Working Party 5D confirming that the 5G requirements of 3GPP New Radio air interface are indeed fulfilled. With the presentation of the evaluation reports at the ITU-R Working Party 5D meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland, in February 2020, the independent evaluation activity has officially been closed.
The system level simulations performed by Nomor Research GmbH are only a part of the overall evaluation of the 5G NR air interface. A summary of the simulation-based evaluation based on the 5G NR RealNeS system simulator is being provided in this white paper.
Spectrum Toolbox includes a wide set of bands ranging from 450MHz up to 100GHz with licensed and unlicensed spectrum, covering different licensing options, as well as different access schemes, Bandwidth aggregation mechanisms, duplexing and RATs. On top of that, 5G requirements target tight integration of all these elements to unify the operation of the next generation mobile systems and to provide the possibility to adapt to different use cases and scenarios that will further complicate the overall landscape.
The need for Synchronisation in Telecommunications3G4G
The need for some sort of synchronisation in telecommunications has existed almost as long as telecommunications itself. However synchronisation in the form dominant in the last 50 or so years arose from the introduction of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) for transmission of voice telephony, and the use of digital switching techniques to establish voice circuits between subscribers as required. Martin Kingston explains.
*** Shared with Permission - ITP Journal Volume 10 | Part 1 - 2016 ***
LTE Release 13 and SMARTER – Road Towards 5GYi-Hsueh Tsai
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status
RAN workshop on 5G
SA1 5G SMARTER
Radio Interface Technology definition
Time Delay analysis
Four New Building Block Study Items for 5G
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Massive Internet of Things
Critical Machine Communications (ultra-reliable and low latency)
Network operation (including Migration and Interworking)
Capabilities of Future IMT systems
Conclusions
S1 154010 Summary of CEPT Report 52 regarding BDA2GCYi-Hsueh Tsai
1.Background
2.Harmonisationpossibilities-Broadband DA2GC
3.Broadband Direct Air To Ground Communications
- DA2GCS (2x10 MHz for FDD operation)
- DA2GCS (20 MHz for TDD operation)
4.Compatibility/sharing scenarios for DA2GC
- Definitions for Broadband DA2GC (ECC Report 214)
- BDA2GC RL/FL in the frequency band 1900-1920 MHz
- BDA2GC RL/FL in the frequency band 2010-2025 MHz
5.Conclusion
Heterogeneous LTE Networks and Inter-Cell Interference Coordination - Dec 201...Eiko Seidel
Initial deployments of LTE networks are based on so-called homogeneous networks consisting of base stations providing basic coverage, called macro base stations. The concept of heterogeneous networks has recently attracted considerable attention to optimize performance particularly for unequal user or traffic distribution. Here, the layer of planned high-power macro eNBs is overlaid with layers of lower-power pico or femto eNBs that are deployed in a less well planed or even entirely uncoordinated manner. Such deployments can achieve significantly improved overall capacity and cell-edge performance and are often seen as the second phase in LTE network deployment.
This paper discusses the concept of heterogeneous networks as compared to homogeneous networks. It demonstrates the need for inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) and outlines some ICIC methods that are feasible with release 8 /9 of the LTE standard. System-level simulation results illustrate the benefits of the various features discussed in the following.
Multi-layer heterogeneous network layout including small cell base stations are considered to be the key to further enhancements of the spectral efficiency achieved in mobile communication networks. It has been recognized that inter-cell interference has become the limiting factor when trying to achieve not only high average user satisfaction, but a high degree of satisfaction for as many users as possible. Therefore, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) lies in the focus of researchers defining next generation mobile communication standards, such as LTE-A.
Building upon [1], this paper provides an overview over the background calling for ICIC in heterogeneous LTE-A networks. It outlines techniques standardized in Rel. 10 of LTE-A, discusses them showing their benefits and limitations by means of system-level simulations and motivates the importance of self optimizing network (SON) procedures for ICIC in LTE-A.
3GPP Standards for the Internet-of-ThingsEiko Seidel
Presenation by 3GPP RAN3 Chairman - Philippe Reininger - at the IoT Business & Technologies Congress (November 30, in Singapore). Main topics are eMTC, NB-IOT and EC-GSM-IoT as completed in 3GPP Release 13 and enhanced in Release 14
New tools, multimedia applications, your employees living the BYOD dream – are all stressing most networks to the breaking point. It has become critical for enterprises to right size their core network to support the growing demands of users. For more information visit: http://enterprise.alcatel-lucent.com/?solution=Convergedcampus&page=overview
Health education and social media part 1Jeanette Ross
part 1 presentation to UTHSCSA family Medicine grandrounds. special thanks to Chrsistian Sinclair MD for sharing several slides. if you want to see the webcast you can get CME too at later at http://bit.ly/nneGtg
Let op: Facebook is geen eiland! | Congres Facebook Marketing 2014 | PauwR | ...PauwR Digital Marketing
Deze sessie gaat niet alleen over Facebook. Want Facebook is geen eiland. Hoe kun je een Facebook campagne combineren met AdWords? Wanneer zet je retargeting in op Facebook of ga je je Facebook-bezoekers retargeten? En waarmee mix je Facebook voor een branding-, sales- of voorlichtingscampagne? Dat zijn de uitdagingen voor 2014. En het onderwerp van deze krachtige breakoutsessie.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases3rd Generation Partnership Proj.docxannandleola
Carrier Aggregation in LTE Releases
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), which is an umbrella for these standards organizations, that develop protocols for mobile telecommunication. The 3GPP organizes its work into three different streams: Radio Access Networks, Services and Systems Aspects, and Core Network and Terminals, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications. It was established in December 1998 with the goal of developing a specification for a 3G mobile phone system based on the 2G GSM system, within the scope of the International Telecommunication Union's.LTE and LTE-A
The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging technology, which is standardized by the 3GPP and evolving to meet the International Mobile Telecommunication Advanced (IMT-Advanced) requirements named as LTE-Advanced. The main goal of LTE is to provide a high data rate, low latency and packet optimized radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. The network architecture of LTE has been designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility and great quality of service.
LTE is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. LTE is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. LTE increases the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication by using a different radio interface and other core network improvements. LTE uses different frequencies and bands in different countries. LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G. LTE is also commonly known as 3.95G. LTE-Advanced or LTE-A is a major enhancement of the LTE standard. LTE-A uses several techniques and technologies (hardware and software) to meet higher network-performance standards. The technique of this standard which we are using in our work is following.
· Increased peak data rate for DL/UL
· Improved performance at cell edges.
· Carrier Aggregation (CA), the enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
· Support for Relay Nodes, LTE Femtocell and macro cell.
Based on the requirements and observations, the 3GPP has identified carrier aggregation (CA) as major feature for achieving improved data rate. It is a worth noting that BW aggregation basic concept has been used in 3G. Similarly, there are options in High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) evaluation to aggregate up to four carriers for downlinks, up to two carriers for uplink and have consider both the carriers contiguous. In release 8/9 of 3GPP LTE different carrier BW of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz being used that provide support for several deployment plus spectrum plans. Succeeding the desires of 100 MHz BW of system, Release 10 of 3GPP LTE has presented CA one of the foremost important structure of LTE-Advanced to balance the bandwidth a far 20 MHz. CA Release 10 described up to 100 MHz system bandwidth can.
LTE-Advanced standardisation in Release 10 was completed some time ago and vendors are busy implementing the latest features. In a previous 3GPP newsletter we introduced the various Release 11 work and study items. By now Release 11 is well advanced and first features will be completed at the next RAN plenary in September 2012.
This newsletter provides an overview about Release 11 enhancements defined for one of most important LTE-Advanced features – Carrier Aggregation. Core of the described enhancements are the support of Carrier Aggregation in Heterogeneous Networks with non collocated cell sites.
The second phase of lte advanced lte-b 30-fold capacity boosting to ltessk
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Future LTE-A UE Capabilities - 450 Mbps and Beyond
1. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 1/7
Eiko Seidel, Chief Technical Officer
NoMoR Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
March, 2014
Summary
LTE networks get more mature and new
terminals of different capabilities are being
introduced. 3GPP just defined the new LTE-A UE
categories to support terminals with peak data
rates of up to 450 Mbps in the downlink. This
white paper provides an overview of all existing
LTE/LTE-A UE categories and presents the new
Release 11 capabilities that have just been
standardized. Furthermore it describes key
scenarios and use cases such as the support for
downlink carrier aggregation with 3 downlink
carriers with up to 60 MHz of total bandwidth.
Introduction UE Categories
LTE defines UE categories that group terminals’
capabilities in classes supporting certain data
rates in downlink and in uplink. Such UE
categories reduce the base station complexity
(less options and scheduler restrictions), limit
over the air signalling overhead and avoid a too
strong terminal market fragmentation.
Table 1 provides an overview of the defined UE
categories [2]. As can be seen the supported
peak data rates increase with the UE category.
The requirements on physical layer processing
concerning the maximum number of bits to be
processed per 1 ms transmission time interval
will scale accordingly. All UEs have to support
the maximum bandwidth of up to 20 MHz. Class
5 is unlikely to appear on the market. It supports
4x4 MIMO in downlink and 64QAM on uplink
which is extremely demanding.
The peak data rates should not be
misunderstood as user data rates that are
achievable in a regularly loaded system. They
represent the maximum rate a UE can be
allocated by a base station in a 1 ms scheduling
interval and sometimes even represent the
maximum possible cell capacity. It means, they
can only be achieved in the rare event that all
resources are given to a single user and that this
user experiences the best possible channel state.
At initial attach, a terminal will report its
capabilities with the RRC procedure [3] shown in
Figure 1. Amongst others the UE categories,
supported LTE Release, supported access
technologies and frequency bands etc. are
signalled. Due to the ever growing number of
optionally supported features of different
releases, the message size has been growing
significantly. Once received by the base station,
the Mobility Management Entity will store the UE
capabilities of all UEs registered in its tracking
Table 1: Rel.8/9 UE Categories
LTE-Advanced UE Capabilities -
450 Mbps and Beyond !
2. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 2/7
area. It will provide this information to the base
station each time the terminal will reconnect to
the network.
Figure 1: UE Capability Exchange
Initial LTE terminals were of Class 3 providing
peak date rates up to 100 Mbps and are being
replaced by Class 4 terminal of a maximum data
rate of 150 Mbps.
LTE-Advance UE Categories
LTE-A introduced a new set of advanced
functions like Carrier Aggregation [1] and MIMO
with spatial multiplexing of up to 8x8 SU-MIMO.
The theoretically achievable peak data rates will
scale with the number of supported carriers and
supported MIMO streams.
Three additional UE categories have been
defined in LTE-Advanced Release 10 [4] as
shown in Table 2 below:
Besides the supported UE class, the supported
band combinations for Carrier Aggregation and
the supported number of layers for MIMO spatial
multiplexing are signalled as part of the
capability exchange.
One of the use cases of Class 6 for instance is
the support of 2 carriers each having 20 MHz
bandwidth with 2x2 SU-MIMO. Once again a
high end class, Class 8, was introduced
supporting 5 carriers with an aggregated
downlink bandwidth of up to 100 MHz, 8x8 SU-
MIMO (4x4 SU-MIMO in uplink) as well as
64QAM. It can be understood that due to
complexity reasons these capabilities will not be
practical for quite some time to come, besides
the unavailability of an respective RF
specification or available band allocation of 100
MHz. Class 8 was defined in the specification to
fulfil the ITU-R requirements for 4G with respect
to the maximum peak data rate and maximum
bandwidth supported.
As a matter of fact, besides the LTE-A
categories, LTE-A capabilities are also signalled
separately. Therefore existing Rel.8 LTE UE
categories can also be extended by LTE-A
features. This would for instance allow for higher
data rates at lower bandwidth allocation. The
first LTE-Advanced terminals on the market are
likely to be Class 4 terminals supporting Carrier
Aggregation of two times 10 MHz bandwidth.
Introducing 450 Mbps
The marketing race on announcing higher and
higher peak data rates to the customers is
ongoing. New bands and Carrier Aggregation
band combinations are being standardized and
will be allocated in the different regions around
the globe to serve the ever growing data
demand.
Only this month Release 11 Change Requests for
the introduction of two new capabilities have
been approved at 3GPP RAN plenary #63 [5][6].
This functionality introduces UE categories
supporting the following downlink/uplink rates:
• UE category 9 - 450/50 Mbps
• UE category 10 - 450/100 Mbps
The new 450Mbps classes address a deployment
scenario of 3 downlink CA component carriers
Table 2: Rel.10 UE Categories
3. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 3/7
with total aggregated bandwidth of 60 MHz.
Neglecting the various SU-MIMO configurations,
Carrier Aggregation scenarios as depicted in
Figure 2 are now supported by the different LTE
releases. According to the Carrier Aggregation
RF band specifications, intra-band contiguous,
intra-band non-contiguous and inter-band
combinations will be supported [7]. Even before
specifications was available, several vendors and
operators announced tests and trials of
respective equipment in their labs [8][9][10].
The announced equipment seem to support FDD
and TDD variants of LTE-A.
Figure 2: Supported CA Bandwidths
First markets to be addressed by such
technology will be Korea or US. Of course it
remains questionable which of the operators is
actually owning multiple 20 MHz blocks that can
be combined to an aggregated spectrum of 60
MHz bandwidth. In an upcoming White Paper
NoMoR will provide an overview of standardized
band combinations.
Although heavily marketed to the customer the
technology does not increase spectrum efficiency
as such. Still significant gain due to
instantaneous load balancing between carriers
can be expected at low to medium load. This
assumes a sufficient penetration of Carrier
Aggregation enabled terminals of course.
Future LTE-Advance UE Categories
We can expect more UE categories to come in
future releases. Physical layer peak data rates
will increase by aggregation of more and more
carriers and by multi-layer MIMO transmission.
As part of Release 12, 3GPP is currently defining
the use of 256QAM in the downlink. A scenario
to use such high modulation order might for
instance be an isolated indoor small cell.
After Release 12 functionality is fixed
(completion is targeted for end of 2014), we
might see new classes with downlink/uplink rates
like
• UE category xx - 600/ 50 or 100 Mbps
• UE category xx - 750 / 50 or 100 Mbps
Today’s practically used uplink peak data rates
are 50 Mbps. Uplink MIMO with transmissions on
multiple antennas or uplink carrier aggregation
with transmission in multiple bands might be a
major step in UE implementation complexity.
Furthermore, considering a defined overall UE
maximum output power of the LTE/LTE-A power
class of 23 dBm (±2dB) also limits the possible
gain compared to the downlink. The use of
64QAM as UE modulation scheme might be an
alternative to reach higher uplink rates.
Today the use of uplink 64QAM is linked to the
not used high end classes, class 5 and class 8. A
more flexible use of uplink 64QAM, independent
of the UE categories, has been discussed already
in 3GPP and is seen as feasible [11]. The
optional support of uplink 64QAM, providing
peak data rates of 75Mbps, at least for UE
categories 6, 7, 9 and 10 was thus agreed at the
RAN plenary last month.
Uplink 64QAM might have some impact on RF
specification and thus per signalling band per
band combination might be required, same as
for MIMO and Carrier Aggregation. Next RAN
plenary will decide if this functionality will
become part of Release 11 or part of Release 12.
4. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 4/7
Disclaimer: This information, partly obtained from
official 3GPP documents, is assumed to be reliable,
but does not necessarily reflect the view of Nomor
Research GmbH. The report is provided for
informational purpose only. We do not accept any
responsibility for the content of this newsletter. Nomor
Research GmbH has no obligation to update, modify
or amend or to otherwise notify the reader thereof in
the event that any matter stated herein, or any opinion,
projection, forecast or estimate set forth herein,
changes or subsequently becomes inaccurate.
Backwards Compatibility
Of course backwards compatibility of LTE-A
equipment with LTE equipment is of high
importance and so far this backwards
compatibility was never broken.
As illustrated in the first case in Figure 3, an
LTE-A eNB will look like an LTE eNB to a LTE UE
by sending backwards compatible system
information.
Conversely, an LTE-A UE will also signal its LTE
capabilities to the network in case there are LTE
only capable eNBs. This means that by now the
UE will signal its capabilities for every release.
Actually a single UE will support different UE
classes for the different Releases.
Figure 3: UE and eNB Backwards
Compatibility
5. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 5/7
References
[1] NOMOR 3GPP Newsletter, “LTE-A
Carrier Aggregation Enhancements”,
Eiko Seidel, August 2012
[2] 3GPP TS36.306 Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
User Equipment (UE) radio access
capabilities – Release 8
[3] 3GPP TS36.331 Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Radio Resource Control (RRC);
Protocol specification
[4] 3GPP TS36.306 Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
User Equipment (UE) radio access
capabilities – Release 10
[5] RP-140290 CRs to 36.213 on new UE
categories for DL 450Mbps class RAN1
CR36.213 Rel.11
[6] RP-140364 RAN2 agreed CRs on New
UE categories for DL 450Mbps class
RAN2 REL-11
[7] 3GPP TS36.101 Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
User Equipment (UE) radio
transmission and reception
[8] NSN breaks new ground with LTE-
Advanced for superior performance
#MWC14, Espoo, Finland, February 4,
2014
http://nsn.com/news-events/press-
room/press-releases
[9] Huawei and LG Uplus Demo World’s
First Three-Carrier CA for 450 Mbps
LTE-A at MWC 2014, Barcelona, Spain,
February 25, 2014
http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/abou
t-huawei/newsroom/
[10] SK Telecom: World’s First
Development of Four Time Faster
3band LTE-A, January 23, 2014
http://www.sk.com/Channel/News/vie
w/1182
[11] R2-131940, “Decouple UL 64QAM
from UE category”; Huawei, HiSilicon,
Clearwire, CMCC; 3GPP TSG RAN WG2
meeting #82, Barcelona, Spain,
August 19 – 23, 2013
[12] RP-140490, “Way forward on
introducing capability of UL 64QAM”;
Huawei, HiSilicon, KDDI, Qualcomm
Incorporated, CMCC, China Unicom,
Verizon, Deutsche Telekom, China
Telecom, TeliaSonera, Soft bank
mobile Corporation, eAccess Ltd,
AT&T, Samsung, Telecom Italia, NEC;
3GPP TSG RAN meeting #64,
Fukuoka, Japan, March 3 – 6, 2014
Note: This white paper is provided to you by Nomor
Research GmbH. Similar documents can be obtained from
www.nomor.de. Feel free to forward this issue in
electronic format. Please contact us in case you are
interested in consultancy services on related subjects.
Please note in our assessment(s) we only considered
those facts known to us and therefore the results of our
assessment/assessments are subject to facts not known
to us. Furthermore, please note, with respect to our
assessment(s) different opinions might be expressed in
the relevant literature and for this purpose there may be
some other interpretations which are scientifically valid.
6. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 6/7
Standardisation Service
Standardisation is often essential to drive
technology, to get knowledge about market
trends, customer or competitors and basically to
lay ground for future business with the required
knowledge for implementation. Real impact in
standardisation will be time and cost intensive
since it requires years of attendance with
excellent contributions, working across various
groups and contacts to the decision makers, and
is thus mostly limited to the key player.
Nomor Research's standardisation services
provide you the resources and the knowledge
needed to understand and influence
standardisation. Sharing the resources between
partners and projects maximized your impact
and presence while limiting your cost.
3GPP RANx, 3GPP SAx, ETSI, DVB, IETF, ITU,
ISO/MPEG, and DASH-IF, we can support you in
manifold tasks on short notice as well as in long
lasting projects.
Contact us at standard@nomor.de or visit
http://www.nomor.de/lte-standardisation
Technology Training
NoMoR provides you professional training held
by distinguished expert in mobile communication
industry.
Standard Courses:
LTE Technology Training
LTE Signalling/Protocols
LTE MIMO Technologies
LTE-Advanced
LTE Self-Organizing Networks
LTE Heterogeneous Networks
Consulting can include, but is not limited to:
Regular standardisation updates,
In-depth information on technical areas,
Release overview, analysis, feature
roadmaps and complexity analysis,
Contribute and influence standards activities,
Represent your company at standardization,
Analyze the feasibility of concepts for
standardization,
Evaluation of own and other contributions,
Answer questions concerning certain
standards.
As development cycles are getting shorter and
new technologies are emerging frequently in a
rapidly changing market, your teams need to act
quickly once strategic decisions have been taken.
Professional training tailored to your specific
needs and any level of background will get your
team up-to-date and will save you money, since
your staff can focus on the task to be done.
Contact us at training@nomor.de or visit
http://www.nomor.de/training
7. Nomor Research GmbH / info@nomor.de / www.nomor.de / T +49 89 9789 8000 7/7
System Level Simulation Services
Nomor Research has developed a comprehensive
simulation environment supporting various
standards such as LTE, LTE Advanced and HSPA
and offers related services to support research,
development and standardisation.
Features of the dynamic multi-cell, multi-user
system level simulator include:
• macro-cell and HetNet deployments (pico-,
femto-cell, relay nodes)
• flexible base station and user configurations
and drop models
• different transmitter and receiver chains incl.
MIMO, ZF, MMSE
• channel modelling with slow/fast fading,
pathloss, full user mobility
• intra- and intercell interference modelling for
OFDMA, SC-FDMA and WCDMA
• 2D and 3D antenna pattern and multi-
antenna beam forming
• extensive metrics and KPIs: capacity,
throughput, spectral efficiency, user QoS etc
The simulator can be used on project basis or in
customized simulation campaigns. The
performance of the system level simulator has
been calibrated to simulation results obtained in
standardisation.
Research on advanced algorithms include, but
are not limited to:
• various aspects of scheduling and resource
allocation algorithms considering channel
and buffer status, QoS etc.
• inter-cell interference coordination,
avoidance and cancellation
• single user-, multi-user MIMO with open and
closed loop feedback
• cooperative multi-point transmission and
reception
• functions for self-organising and self-
optimizing networks (e.g. load balancing,
mobility optimization, tilt optimisation, range
extension, power saving etc.)
If you are interested in our services please
contact us at info@nomor.de or visit us at
http://www.nomor-research.com/simulation