Feminist criticism analyzes literature through a feminist lens by examining how women are portrayed and the role of patriarchal social structures. It believes that Western civilization is rooted in patriarchal ideology that oppresses and marginalizes women. Feminist criticism aims to promote gender equality by challenging traditional views of women and expanding the literary canon to include more women authors. Common approaches include investigating gender roles and relationships, as well as how literature reinforces or contests social expectations of men and women.
This Presentation is about the feminist Criticism.
Here I talk about ,
1) What is Feminist Criticism
2) History of Feminist Criticism
3) Special Video through examples
4) Types of Feminism
this presentation is submitted to Department of English, MKBU
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
This Presentation is about the feminist Criticism.
Here I talk about ,
1) What is Feminist Criticism
2) History of Feminist Criticism
3) Special Video through examples
4) Types of Feminism
this presentation is submitted to Department of English, MKBU
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
A Brief introduction about Feminist literary Criticism- It's History, Criticism as literature and the the role of Female writer and it's Creations-Creative Writings and comparison.
Creative Nonfiction
SHS
Creative writing
Types of Nonfiction
Definition of Nonfiction
Elements of Creative nonfiction
Nonfictional elements
Fi9iction elements
Gender criticism is an extension of feminist literary criticism, focusing not just on women but on the construction of gender and sexuality, especially LGBTQ issues, which gives rise to queer theory.
Bahria Universiry Karachi Campus- Bs English, Semester 5.
Definition of literary criticism and theory.
Comparison between both the terms.
Types of theories and approaches to literary criticism.
A Brief introduction about Feminist literary Criticism- It's History, Criticism as literature and the the role of Female writer and it's Creations-Creative Writings and comparison.
Creative Nonfiction
SHS
Creative writing
Types of Nonfiction
Definition of Nonfiction
Elements of Creative nonfiction
Nonfictional elements
Fi9iction elements
Gender criticism is an extension of feminist literary criticism, focusing not just on women but on the construction of gender and sexuality, especially LGBTQ issues, which gives rise to queer theory.
Bahria Universiry Karachi Campus- Bs English, Semester 5.
Definition of literary criticism and theory.
Comparison between both the terms.
Types of theories and approaches to literary criticism.
The fairy tale is usually regarded as children’s literature. It shapes the characters through rich fantasy and exaggeration. The story reflects every aspect of our life and has an educational effect on readers, especially on children. Originated from the folk lore, fairy tale is one of the most important materials for the research on local conditions and customs at that time as well as its function of moral education. However, feminists analyze it from a brand new perspective. As most of the fairy tales are written or edited during the period when men hold the leading role in society, it is unavoidable that they contain the ideology of patriarchy to some extent. The paper will focus on one classic fairy tale in The Grimm Fairy Tale -- Sleeping Beauty (Briar Rose in Grimm’s book) and try to analyze the contexts from the angle of feminism. The purpose is to reveal the patriarchy hidden behind the seemingly romantic story. What’s more, it is also helpful to put forward the depth and scope of the research of feminism to improve and develop the women’s liberation, and enrich the diversification of the methodology and perspective of research. From the angle of feminism, it can be concluded from the fairy tales that in patriarchal society, women are in the position of “the other” and totally dependent on men, mentally and financially. They have to obey the social rules set by men and meet men’s pleasure for the seemingly happy ending. There are so much left for us to accomplish in the purpose of changing this situation.
used for reporting in ENG 214 - Introduction to Stylistics
includes the 3 waves of feminism, post feminism, feminist writers and literature, stereotypes of women in literature
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Why Feminism?
Most feminists believe that we live in a complex social structure guided by
patriarchy. They believe this patriarchal system must change, and that criticism
may be used as a tool to help foster change.
3. A concern with:
• Women’s role in society as portrayed
through texts.
• Woman as a construct through
literature.
4. Though a number of different approaches exist in feminist criticism, there exist some
areas of commonality. (Tyson)
1.Women are oppressed by patriarchy economically, politically, socially and
psychologically.
2. In every domain where patriarchy reigns, woman is other: she is marginalized, defined
only by her difference from male norms and values.
3. All of Western (Anglo-European) civilization is deeply rooted in patriarchal ideology,
for example, in the biblical portrayal of Eve as the origin of sin and death in the world.
4. While biology determines our sex (male or female), culture determines our gender
(masculine or feminine).
5. All feminist activity, including feminist theory and literary criticism, has its ultimate goal
to change the world by prompting gender equality
7. “The man is by nature superior,
and the female inferior; and the
one rules and the other is ruled”.-
--Aristotle
8. Religious leaders: Thomas Aquinas and
St. Augustine
Women were merely imperfect men.
Spiritually weak creatures.
Possessed a sensual nature that
lures men away from spiritual truths,
thereby preventing males from
attaining their spiritual protection.
10. Mary Wollstonecraft
“ A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
> women must stand up for their rights and not
allow their male dominated society to define what it
means to be a woman.
> called the right for women to have an equal
education and to be treated as equal partners not as
ornamental wives.
11. 1900’s
Women gained the right to vote.
Became prominent activists in the social issues of the day such as
health care, education, politics, and literature,
12. Virginia Woolf
“ A Room of One’s Own” (1929)
Gender prevents her from having a room of
her own.
“A woman must have money and a room of
her own if she is to write fiction>”
“It would have been impossible, completely
and entirely, for any woman to have written
the plays of Shakespeare in the age of
Shakespeare.”
13. Simone de Beauvoir
“The Second Sex” (1949)
Declares that French society (and Western
societies in general) are patriarchal, controlled
by males.
Like Woolf, believed that the male defines what
it means to be human.
14. Kate Millet
“Sexual Politics” (1970)
Women and men (consciously and unconsciously)
conform to the cultural ideas established for the by
society.
Cultural norms and expectations are transmitted
through media, television, movies, songs and
literature.
15. CRITICISM OF 1980’S
ELAINE SHOWALTER
“A Literature of their Own” (1977)
Chronicles 3 historical/ evolutionary phases of female writing.
1. Feminine Stage (1840-1880)--- imitation of the prevailing modes of
domination
2. Feminist Stage (1880-1920) --- protest against the prevailing standard
3. Female Stage (1920- 2000) --- phase of self discovery, a turning
inwards freed from some of the dependency of opposition, a search for
identity.
16. Novelists recognized as major figures:
Jane Austen
The Bronte's
George Eliot
Virginia Woolf
*What is needed is a “ feminist criticism” that is
genuinely women- centered.
17. Coined the term “gynocritic/ gynocriticism.
---- the process of constructing a female framework for analysis of
women’s literature to develop new models based on the study of female
experience, rather than to adapt to male models and theories.
Subject it deals with: History, Style, Themes, Genres and Structures.
18. Gynocriticism has provided critics with 4 models that address the nature of women writing:
1. The Biological --- how the female body marks itself upon the
text.
2. The Linguistic --- concerns itself with the need for a female
discourse.
3. The Psychoanalytic --- based on an analysis of the female
psyche and how such an analysis affects the writing process.
4. The Cultural --- investigates how the society in which female
authors work and functions shapes women’s goals, responses
and points of view.
19. AIMS of a Feminist Critic
Attempts to show the ignorance of women in the
traditional literature
Stimulates the creation of a critical environment.
Expansion of the literary canon of women writers
Urges language transformation.
21. What is Homer’s view of women, and how is it presented in the text?
Roles— What does it mean to be a woman in Ancient Greece? What different
roles do women play in The Odyssey? Are they all traditionally feminine
roles?
Power and Influence— How are women denied power and influence in the
epic? In what ways are women able to exert their power and influence? How
do women both aid and hinder Odysseus and other men during their
journeys?
Relationships— How do men and women relate with one another in the
epic? What are their relationships like? How do Odysseus and other male
characters view women? Is this the same way Homer views women?
The Odyssey
22. Traditional Lens:
Monument honoring America’s
founding presidents.
Feminist Lens:
History glorifies men; women have
no impact in America’s history.
Till this day, there hasn’t been a
female president in the U.S.
Politics is a “masculine” career
path.
Feminist Lens: Mount Rushmore
23. Feminist Lens: Barbie Doll
Traditional Lens:
The Barbie doll is a popular girl’s toy.
Feminist Lens:
Barbie reinforces traditional female roles
(mother, nurse, teacher). The doll tells
girls that these are the “ideal” career
paths.
Depicts fashion and materialism as
“feminine”
Promotes an unrealistic body image
24. Feminist Lens: “Love Story” by Taylor Swift
Traditional Lens:
Daydreaming of marriage
Idealization of the tragedy of Romeo and
Juliet
25. • Feminist Lens:
Women are incomplete without a man
Men are in control (“Romeo save me,” “I’ll be waiting,”
“you were everything to me,” “I was begging you,” “I
talked to your dad”)
Switching of “gender roles” from Shakespeare’s
original text
27. 1. How are women’s lives are portrayed in the work?
2. Is the form and content of the work influenced by the writer’s gender?
3. How do male and female characters relate to one another? Are these
relationships sources of conflicts? Are these conflicts resolved?
4. Does the work challenge or affirm traditional views of women?
5. How do the images of women in the story reflect patriarchal social forces
that have impeded women’s efforts to achieve full equality with men?
6. What marital expectations are imposed on the characters? What effect do
these expectations have?
28. 7. What behavioral expectations are imposed on the characters? What effect do
these expectations have?
8. If a female character were male, how would the story be different (and vice
versa)?
9. How does the marital status of the character affect her decisions or
happiness?
10. Does the literature include stereotypes as it relates to women?
11. How does the use of pronouns represent masculine ideology? (ex. He, in
place of she)
12. Can the gender of the author be determined simply through the text?
13. Does the text seem to favor one gender over the other?
29. Advantages of Feminist Criticism
Women have been somewhat underrepresented in the traditional
cannon, and a feminist approach to literature redresses this problem.
30. Disadvantages of Feminist Criticism
Turns literary criticism into a political battle field.
It ignores other merits of the works they considered “patriarchal”
They relegate women literature to a particular class thus removing it from the
main stream.
31. REMEMBER THAT:
You don’t have to be a woman to be a feminist
and to look at things at the feminist
perspective. It’s an interesting theory no
matter who you are.