Valuation - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Definitions – Various types of valuations – Valuation methods - Necessity – Capitalised value – Depreciation – Escalation – Valuation of land – Buildings – Calculation of Standard rent – Mortgage – Lease
Contracts - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Contract – Types of contracts – Formation of contract – Contract conditions – Contract for labour, material, design, construction – Drafting of contract documents based on IBRD / MORTH Standard bidding documents – Construction contracts – Contract problems – Arbitration and legal requirements.
Valuation - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Definitions – Various types of valuations – Valuation methods - Necessity – Capitalised value – Depreciation – Escalation – Valuation of land – Buildings – Calculation of Standard rent – Mortgage – Lease
Contracts - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Contract – Types of contracts – Formation of contract – Contract conditions – Contract for labour, material, design, construction – Drafting of contract documents based on IBRD / MORTH Standard bidding documents – Construction contracts – Contract problems – Arbitration and legal requirements.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
For civil engineer quantity surveying and estimation costing is very important for any project.
In this presentation we study about the Important terms used in estimation and costing, contingencies, work charge establishment, tools and plants, etc. types of estimates and their functions.
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
I will describe those things in the documents--
Types of Cost Estimates Used in Construction
Following are the different types of cost estimates used in construction,
Preliminary Cost Estimate
Plinth Area Cost Estimate
Cube Rate Cost Estimate
Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate
Detailed Cost Estimate
Revised Cost Estimate
Supplementary Cost Estimate
Annual Repair Cost Estimate
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
For civil engineer quantity surveying and estimation costing is very important for any project.
In this presentation we study about the Important terms used in estimation and costing, contingencies, work charge establishment, tools and plants, etc. types of estimates and their functions.
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
I will describe those things in the documents--
Types of Cost Estimates Used in Construction
Following are the different types of cost estimates used in construction,
Preliminary Cost Estimate
Plinth Area Cost Estimate
Cube Rate Cost Estimate
Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate
Detailed Cost Estimate
Revised Cost Estimate
Supplementary Cost Estimate
Annual Repair Cost Estimate
Lec.2 binifits of estamations...Types of EstimationMuthanna Abbu
In this unit the student will learn:
• The main types of estimation.
• When each type of estimation is used.
• Making approximate estimate to predict the expected cost of a project.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. Types of Estimates
(1) Preliminary or Approximate estimate
(2) Rough cost estimate based on plinth area
(3) Rough cost estimate based on cubic contents
(4) Detailed estimate
(5) Annual repair estimate
(6) Special repair estimate
(7) Revised estimate
(8) Supplementary estimate
3. 1. Preliminary or Approximate estimate
It is prepared after preliminary investigation and preliminary
surveying
Detailed surveying, design, drawings etc. are not required
Rates are determined either from practical knowledge or
from records for similar works
For example: To calculate approximate estimate for a
Hospital, per bed cost is calculated from the recent
completed hospital and is multiplied with the number of
beds required.
4. 2. Rough cost estimate based on plinth area
Plinth area of a building shall be determined first
Plinth area of a building means Length x Breadth
Estimate of a building is calculated by multiplying the
plinth area of the building with plinth area rate of the
locality for similar buildings.
Example
Total cost of a building is Rs. 2 lac and its plinth area is 50 m2
Plinth area rate =2,00,000/50 = Rs.4000/- per m2
For a new building plan with 100m2, Total cost =4000x100 =
Rs.4,000,00/-
5. 3. Rough cost estimate based on cubic content
Plinth area of a building shall be determined first
The cubic contents of a building means plinth area x height
of the building.
Estimate of a building is calculated by multiplying the cubic
content of the building with cubic rate of the locality for
similar buildings.
6. 4. Detailed Estimate
After getting Administrative approval on rough cost
estimate, detailed estimates are prepared
Quantities of various items are calculated individually
An abstract of cost -giving quantities of each item and rate
of every item according to the sanctioned schedule of rates
Detailed specifications & report should also be attached
with the estimate.
Technical sanction is given on detailed estimate
7. 5. Annual repair estimate
To keep building and roads in perfect condition, annual
repairs should be carried
11/2% to 2% of the capital cost of the building
8. 6. Special repair estimate
If the work cannot be carried out of the annual repair funds
due to certain reasons resulting in the genuine increase in
cost, then special repairs estimate is to be prepared.
Eg. Replastering walls, new doors etc.
9. 7. Revised estimate
If the sanctioned estimate exceeds by 5% either due to the
rate being found insufficient or due to some other reasons, a
fresh estimate is prepared which is called a Revised Estimate
A comparative statement on the last page of the estimate is
attached giving there in the reasons of the increase of cost in
case of each item.
10. 7. Supplementary estimate
A fresh detailed estimate in addition to the original
sanctioned estimate prepared due to some changes in
structural design.