This document discusses trends in urbanization in India and its relationship to children's health. It notes that while India's level of urbanization is still low, one in five urban residents live in slums with limited access to basic amenities. Children's health status is better in urban than rural areas based on indicators like infant mortality and immunization rates, but remains poor given deprivation levels. The level of urbanization across states influences children's health outcomes. While central government programs address rural and urban development separately, there is a need for a dedicated national urban health mission to improve conditions in cities.