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Effects of large-scale male out-migration on the left behind populations and ...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Bimbika Sijapati-Basnett (CIFOR/FTA), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
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Women’s Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 12, 2013. Addis Ababa University
Disrupting Institutional Rules & Organizational Practices for Women's Rights ...Gender at Work .
LSE Talk Presentation, January 2014
Disrupting Institutional Rules & Organizational Practices for Women's Rights and Gender Equality
Includes Case Studies with examples of G@W's work in India and South Africa.
This presentation, given at the 6th Global Symposium on Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries (GAF6), discussed a recent paper by Elisabeth Pruegl (“Neoliberalism with a feminist face: Crafting a new hegemony at the World Bank,” Feminist Economics, 2016) on the World Bank’s approaches to gender equality. Starting in 2001, empirical attempts to establish that economic growth and gender equality (and poverty reduction) were positively correlated produced mixed results: some studies supported the correlation, others contradicted it or gave ambivalent answers. The Bank then turned to micro-level studies, e.g., of institutions such as markets that had failed women. Should women be changed or markets and other social institutions be changed? The presentations at GAF6 reflected some of the possible answers to these questions. If women are considered unequal because of their different endowments, overcoming the gender gap with interventions to help women to compete can help, as illustrated by the participatory projects described by Supaporn Anuchiracheeva in the Earth Net Foundation, Thailand, and the Myanmar agribusiness skills training described by Ram Bhujel. Many presentations also addressed giving women greater voice, rights and negotiating power. Roel Bosma concluded that mass media communication needs to be used to enhance profound changes in norms, values and attitudes of men, before gender equality can be reached. Conversely, GAF6 participants often talked about markets and the economy as absolutes, e.g., lamenting but not challenging the low prices women receive in wages, and accepting the fish price as a financial fact, rather than as a constructed negotiable factor. Pruegl concluded that the World Bank’s emerging “modified kind of neoliberalism produces substantial openings” because it starts to address also the “coercively gendered institutions” previously treated as private, such as the family and care giving. In the new approach, the actors may become more embodied, less abstract. Susana Siar’spresentations on Costa Rica cockle harvesters and Amonrat Sermwatanakul’s social media marketing of Siamese fighting fish both revealed the embodied power of women’s agency. As fisheries and aquaculture are certainly about markets, and many at GAF6 stressed the need for a fish value chain approach, making markets for fish, for labor, enterprises, etc., work for women appear as worthwhile spaces for research and action in achieving gender equality.
Effects of large-scale male out-migration on the left behind populations and ...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Bimbika Sijapati-Basnett (CIFOR/FTA), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
Women’s Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 12, 2013. Addis Ababa University
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Socio-Economic Status Of Working Women In NalgondaKam Raju
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others.
When analysing a family's SES, the household income, earners' education, and occupation are examined, as well as combined income, whereas for an individual's SES only their own attributes are assessed.
However, SES is more commonly used to depict an economic difference in society as a whole.
Interesting presentation as prepared by the Association of University Women (AAUW). Addresses the facts about the pay gaps between men and women in the United States.
On March 2, 2017, Stephanie Leder, Gitta Shrestha and Andrew Reckers of IWMI Nepal presented the participatory gender training manual that was developed by their team under WLE and was trialed in Nepal.
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Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
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An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
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With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Gender, sheep and trees in zan coulibaly, Mali: methodological approaches
1. GENDER, SHEEP AND TREES IN ZAN COULIBALY, MALI:
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Marie France Labrecque, Andréanne Lavoie, Nancy
Gélinas, Jean Bonneville et Alain Olivier
WORLD CONGRESS OF AGROFORESTRY
Trees for life: accelerating the impact of agroforestry
February 2014
The gender dimensions of applying agroforestry innovation
2. Multidisciplinary action research project
Integrating agroforestry and sheep feed in Mali
• Sheep herding in Mali
– Key economic activity
– Socially and culturally important
• Availability and costs of fodder = major
constraint
• Project objectives:
– Improving incomes of rural women
– Investigating the contribution of tree fodder
3. Gender issue in sheep herding
• Gender – more than a comparison between male and
female
• Interest is in women implication in decision making
process
• Need to understand the situation to:
– Improve their capacities
– Provide opportunities to improve their well-being
All that without overloading women
tasks and responsibilities!
4. Gender issue in sheep herding
• Our challenge:
– Deconstruct the assumption about clear
cut sexual division of labour in sheep
herding
– Assumptions
• Raising sheep is typically a female activity
• Tree harvesting is typically a male activity
(with exceptions like shea)
5. Gender issue in sheep herding
• To address this challenge: Gender mainstreaming
– Gender mainstreaming is the process of assessing the
implications for women and men of any planned action,
including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area
and at all levels (UN ECOSOS 1997)
6. Study and work region
•
Commune of Zan Coulibaly
•
•
•
•
90 km east from Bamako, Mali
Area of 387 km2
Composition: 51 localities, including 9
villages
Women (9255) & Men (9235) (RGPH
2009)
1,597 concessions
2,847
18,490
7. Gender consideration in agroforestry project
• Objectives
•
•
•
Take into account a methodological commitment toward
gender mainstreaming
Achieve an adequate representation of women in the
different aspects of the project
Methodological strategies
Develop a participatory process with the community
• Build equal gender samples
• Consider gender in different aspects of social inquiries
•
8. Conceptual approach
3 levels to gender mainstreaming
Macro
Meso
Coordination,
resources
allocation,
network ..
Policy,
law, …
• Macro: Role of States
• Meso: Role of Institutions
Micro
Life
conditions,
activities
• Micro: Role of citizens
9. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
Team project gender
repartition
At the Meso level - Give place to
women
Women
8
Men
14
Organisational and institution level
• Women expertise is different
• Different thoughts about sheep
herding
•
Focus on the integration of rural
women in organizations
Field team for the inquiry
10. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
At the Micro level
• Participatory process to select sheep herders
• Seek representativeness of the gender in minority (women or men)
• Building inquiry samples:
Based on on the number of sheep owned
Categories
Based on gender
Men
Women
Few
0 to 3
3
6
Mean
4 to 8
3
6
Many
>8
3
6
11. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
Women perception of labour involvement Men perception of labour involvement in
in sheep herding
sheep herding
Others
persons of the
concession
9%
Man of the
household
26%
Other women
of the
household
2%
Herself
39%
Boys of the
household
21%
Girls of the
household
3%
Others
persons of
the
concession
16%
Other man of
the
household
0%
Himself
43%
Women of
the
household
16%
Boys of the
household
24%
Girls of the
household
1%
12. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
Women and men perceptions of labour involvement in few tasks related to sheep herding
100%
90%
80%
Other men of the concession
70%
Other women of the concession
60%
Boys of the household
50%
40%
Girls of the household
30%
Husband or other men of the
household
20%
Women or other women of the
household
10%
0%
Person herself
w
m
Managing the
herd
w
m
Feeding
w
m
Watering
w
m
Killing
w
m
Selling
13. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
• But the gender concept is more than a
comparison between sexes!
• Need to look at
– Intern characteristics for each gender
– Complexity of tasks division
Purposive sampling based on contrasted
characteristics – Establishment of profiles
14. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep farming in Mali
• Create categories more specific
Based on the number of sheep owned
Women categories
Based on their family situation
Muso singaden
Few
0 to 3
2
Mean
4 to 8
2
Many
>8
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Young married women living with their stepmother
Muso gakela
Married women having their own household and all
the responsibilities
Muso bolobolen
Married women retired from household
responsibilities and working for themselves
15. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
Gender and generational division of labour is finally not that
clear!
100%
90%
Other men of the concession
80%
Other women of the concession
70%
Boys of the household
60%
50%
Girls of the household
40%
Husband or other men of the
household
Other women of the household
30%
20%
Woman herself
10%
Managing the herd
Feeding
Watering
Killing
Selling
Bolobolen
Gakela
Singaden
Bolobolen
Gakela
Singaden
Bolobolen
Gakela
Singaden
Bolobolen
Gakela
Singaden
Bolobolen
Gakela
Singaden
0%
16. How to consider gender…
• Analysis perspective at Micro-level
• Consider
• Women and men contributions in
production, reproduction and collective activities in
terms of money and time invested
• Women and men knowledge about sheep herding
and fattening
• Determine gender access to production
factor, their use and control
17. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
• Land is considered a collective familial good
• Therefore, women, in theory, have access to land when
herding
• However, half of them have to ask for permission
Need to ask a
permission to
use the land ?
yes
no
do not apply
no answer
18. How to consider gender …
Illustration from sheep herding in Mali
• Access to grass fodder does not seem a problem as
long as one asks permission
• As regards to fodder trees, women and men do know
and use the same species to feed their sheep
• However, availability of products varies according to
season
19. Discussion
• Difficulties raised by women gave us some clues:
– Research is needed about fodder availability and their
nutritional value for sheep
– Need for dissemination of new techniques
– Grouping women to promote collective sheep herding
and fattening efficiency (improved techniques )
• Is it enough?
– See our poster communication about financial aspect!
20. Conclusion/recommendations
• Study and integration of specificities related to
gender, generation and domestic life show that
– Labour division is much more complex than expected
– Need a specific methodology to capture this complexity
• To promote change in gender relations, need to
empower women by strengthening
– Their knowledge on the subject
– Their access to financial resources, production factors and
market
21. References
• UN ESCOSOS.1997. Report of the economic
and social council. United Nations Department
for Economic and Social Affairs
• RGPH. 2013. Résultats définitif. 4e répertoire
des villages.
22. Acknowledgements
This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development
Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, www.idrc.ca, and with financial support from
the Government of Canada, provided through Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development
Canada (DFATD), www.international.gc.ca
Special acknowledgements to all our collaborators and partners