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Single sideband modulation transmits only one sideband while vestigial sideband modulation transmits one full sideband and a portion of the other. Wideband FM has a greater modulation index and bandwidth than narrowband FM. CDMA has a variable capacity depending on the number of codes used but requires tight power control to avoid the near-far problem where a nearby transmitter can overwhelm a distant one. AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave while FM varies the frequency, with FM having greater bandwidth requirements but being less susceptible to noise.
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FM broadcasting provides high-fidelity sound over radio using frequency modulation. It transmits two audio channels for stereo sound. FM has better noise control and signal quality than AM as environmental factors only affect amplitude, not frequency. However, AM has a greater transmission range. Key advantages of FM include high-fidelity sound, noise reduction, and ability to transmit stereo audio. Its uses include radio broadcasting, magnetic tape storage, and sound synthesis.
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The slides are contained with different types of radio receivers & its mechanisms as well as advantages,disadvantages of these radio receivers on different purposes. I think everyone will get basic knowledge on that. Thanks
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This slide discusses about the working and usage of an fm transmitter.It can help you with a physics project
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The students constructed a simple AM radio over several weeks using components for tuning, demodulation, and amplification circuits. They tested the radio and were able to receive signals from two local radio stations. An experiment demonstrated how an AM transmission works by using a function generator to generate a signal that was modulated and picked up by a receiver, with the signals shown on an oscilloscope. AM transmission encodes an audio signal into a carrier wave by varying the amplitude of the carrier wave. The receiver then demodulates the signal to separate the audio and amplifies it to be played on a speaker.
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- The basic principles and processes of transmitting and receiving radio signals, including modulation of carrier waves, signal amplification, and conversion to sound waves.
- Key components of AIR's operations including studios, broadcast stations, mixing, control rooms and microphone technology.
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I HOPE U MAY LIKE IT.
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Radio broadcasting in India began in 1922 when the first license was granted. The government established the India State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) which later became All India Radio (AIR) in 1936. AIR today has a network of over 400 stations across the country. In the 1990s, private FM radio was introduced and has increased listenership. The document discusses the working of an FM transmitter which involves modulating a carrier wave with left and right audio signals using a stereo coder and VHF oscillator. It also describes some of the studios used for different types of radio programming at AIR Jodhpur such as drama, talk, music, and commercial broadcasting studios.
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The document describes the key components and operation of a super heterodyne receiver. It has five main sections: RF section, mixer/converter section, IF section, audio detector section, and audio amplifier section. The RF section captures the signal and RF amplifier boosts it. The mixer downconverts the RF signal to an intermediate frequency. The IF section filters and amplifies the IF signal before the audio detector extracts the audio signal, which is then amplified in the audio section. Benefits of this receiver design include simplicity, good fidelity, selectivity, and adaptability.
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Amplitude Modulation: The type of modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier signal varies linearly with respect to the instantaneous amplitude of the message signal is called Amplitude modulation.
Types
(DSB FC, DSB SC, SSB, VSB, QAM)
Advantages and Disadvantages each type of amplitude modulation
01 ofdm intro
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a digital multi-carrier modulation technique that partitions the available bandwidth into multiple orthogonal sub-carriers. Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme at a low symbol rate and maintains similar data rates as single-carrier modulation in the same bandwidth. OFDM provides advantages like easy adaptation to severe channel conditions, robustness against interference and fading, and high spectral efficiency through FFT implementation. Some disadvantages include sensitivity to Doppler shift and frequency synchronization errors. OFDM has been used in various wireless and wired communication systems.
MODULATION
This document discusses different types of modulation including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), and pulse width modulation (PWM). It defines each type of modulation and compares their characteristics. It also discusses the needs for modulation, advantages and disadvantages of PM, and the relationship between PM and FM.
311 linear modulation
This document discusses linear modulation techniques, specifically amplitude modulation (AM). It describes the main types of AM including double sideband full carrier (DSBFC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC). It provides details on how each is generated and transmitted, their advantages and disadvantages, and the basic components and functioning of AM transmitters and receivers.
Data encoding and modulation
Data encoding and modulation techniques are discussed. Modulation involves varying properties of a high-frequency carrier signal according to a message signal. This allows transmission of baseband signals over long distances. Common modulation types are amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). Encoding converts data into formats for transmission, storage, processing and more. Common encoding schemes for digital data transmission include non-return to zero (NRZ) encoding and Manchester encoding. Pulse modulation can transmit signals as pulses using techniques like pulse code modulation (PCM).
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httpsstaff.ui.ac.idsystemfilesusersir.muhammadmaterialsistel56.pdf.pdf
httpsstaff.ui.ac.idsystemfilesusersir.muhammadmaterialsistel56.pdf.pdf
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India.pptx
It gives the overall description of SIH problem statement " AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India".
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
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The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
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- 1. 1. What are the difference between VSB and SSB modulation?(APR/MAY 2016) Single Side Band (SSB) where only one sideband is transmitted. Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier(DSB-SC) where both sidebands are sent with carrier filtered. ... Vestigial Sideband Modulation where one full sideband with portion of another (Applied for Video broadcast. checkout SSB) is sent. 1. 2. Compare WBFM and NBFM. (NOV/DEC 2016) Parameter/Characteristics Wideband FM Narrowband FM Modulation index Greater than 1 Less than or slightly greater than 1 Maximum Deviation 75KHz 5KHz Range of Modulating Frequency 30Hz to 15KHz 30 Hz to 3KHz Maximum Modulation index 5 to 2500 Slightly greater than 1 Bandwidth Large, about 15 times higher than BW of narrowband FM Small, approximately same as that of AM 3. What are the Advantages of CDMA? CDMA has a soft capacity. The greater the number of codes, the more number of users. However, many codes are used S/I drops and the BER (Bit Error Rate) will increase for all users.CDMA requires a tight power control as it suffers from near-far effect. In other words, a user near the base station transmits the same power as a user later will drown the latter signal. All signals must have more or less equal power at the receiver.Rake receivers can be used to improve signal reception. Delayed versions of time (a chip or later) of the signal (multipath signals) can be collected and used to make decisions at the bit level. Flexible transfer may be used. Mobile base stations can switch without changing operator. Two base stations receive
- 2. mobile signal and the mobile receives from two base stations.Transmission Burst - reduces interference. 4. Define near-far problem(dec 11) • When the strength of unwanted signal is strong because its source is located close to the receiver and the strength of the desired signal is weak because its transmitter is located far from the receiver,the near far problem arrives.because of this ,the desired signal suppressed. Near far p[roblem can be avoided because of orthogonal codes. 5. Compare Frequency Modulation With Amplitude Modulation.(NOV/DEC 2017) AM FM Stands for AM stands for Amplitude Modulation FM stands for Frequency Modulation Modulating differences In AM, a radio wave known as the "carrier" or "carrier wave" is modulated in amplitude by the signal that is to be transmitted. The frequency and phase remain the same. In FM, a radio wave known as the "carrier" or "carrier wave" is modulated in frequency by the signal that is to be transmitted. The amplitude and phase remain the same. Frequency Range AM radio ranges from 535 to 1705 KHz (OR) Up to 1200 bits per second. FM radio ranges in a higher spectrum from 88 to 108 MHz. (OR) 1200 to 2400 bits per second. Bandwidth Requirements Twice the highest modulating frequency. In AM radio broadcasting, the modulating signal has bandwidth of 15kHz, and hence the bandwidth of an amplitude- modulated signal is 30kHz. Twice the sum of the modulating signal frequency and the frequency deviation. If the frequency deviation is 75kHz and the modulating signal frequency is 15kHz, the bandwidth required is 180kHz. Complexity Transmitter and receiver are simple but syncronization is needed in case of SSBSC AM carrier. Tranmitter and reciver are more complex as variation of modulating signal has to beconverted and detected from corresponding variation in frequencies.(i.e. voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage conversion has to be done). Noise AM is more susceptible to noise because noise affects amplitude, which is where information is "stored" in an AM signal. FM is less susceptible to noise because information in an FM signal is transmitted through varying the frequency, and not the amplitude.
- 3. 6.