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This document discusses different theories and concepts related to narrative structure. It begins by distinguishing between a story and a narrative, with a story being the events and a narrative being how the story is told. It then covers various structural elements of narratives including genre, character, form, and time. Common narrative structures like linear, open and closed are defined. The document also summarizes theories from Roland Barthes, Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, Joseph Campbell, and Tzvetan Todorov on narrative codes, character types, binary oppositions, archetypes, and equilibrium models of narrative.
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2. It also covers several narrative theories including Propp's theory of character archetypes, Todorov's theory of narrative equilibrium, and Barthes' theory about establishing and solving narrative enigmas.
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This document discusses several concepts related to analyzing narratives:
1. It describes five common narrative codes - action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural codes - that convey meaning to audiences.
2. It outlines characteristics of closed and open narratives, noting elements like resolution, character development, and timelines.
3. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles that commonly appear in folktales, such as villains, heroes, helpers, and rewards.
4. The concept of binary opposition is explained, in which narratives are driven by conflicts between opposing forces like good vs evil, order vs chaos. Analyzing these forces aids understanding of the narrative.
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Tzvetan Todorov believed that narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and reordered equilibrium. Vladimir Propp examined folk tales and found they could be broken down into characters fulfilling eight roles. Chris Vogler's definition of character archetypes and the 12 stages of the hero's journey have been influential in Hollywood. Claude Levi-Strauss observed that narratives are organized around conflicts between binary oppositions such as good vs evil. Roland Barthes suggested narratives work with five codes: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and cultural code.
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This document discusses different aspects and definitions of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." It then examines various components of narrative including plot, story, time manipulation techniques like montage, points of view, and narrative devices. The document also analyzes common narrative structures like the three-act structure described by Syd Field involving a set up, confrontation, and resolution. It further discusses Tzvetan Todrov's five stages of narrative and different types of modular narratives identified by Allan Cameron.
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1. The document discusses different types of narratives, including open narratives like soap operas which have no defined ending, and closed narratives like films which have a clear beginning, middle, and end.
2. It also covers several narrative theories including Propp's theory of character archetypes, Todorov's theory of narrative equilibrium, and Barthes' theory about establishing and solving narrative enigmas.
3. Additionally, the document examines common film trailer conventions such as the voiceover and mode of address used to engage the audience.
Investigating narrative
Narrative is a chain of causally linked events that occurs over time, and it is found in many forms of entertainment like literature, film, and music. In film specifically, narrative relies on techniques like editing, cinematography, and sound to manipulate time and convey meaning. It is structured around key concepts like plot, character, and point of view. Common narrative structures in film include the three-act structure and Tzvetan Todorov's five stages of equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium. Modern films also employ modular narratives that manipulate time in nonlinear ways through techniques like flashbacks, parallel timelines, and split screens. Narrative is crucial for films because it allows audiences to understand and engage with story
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Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
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2. It outlines characteristics of closed and open narratives, noting elements like resolution, character development, and timelines.
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Tzvetan Todorov and Vladimir Propp analyzed narrative structures and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through a disruption, to a new equilibrium. Propp identified common character archetypes that fulfill narrative functions, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Chris Vogler built on this work and defined the 12 stages of the classic hero's journey narrative structure commonly used in Hollywood films. Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed myths and found they explore binary oppositions like good vs evil, order vs chaos, to make sense of the world. Roland Barthes identified five codes that build narrative meaning and tension: the enigma code creates mysteries, the action code builds anticipation, the
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The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Tzvetan Todorov's theory that stories follow an equilibrium-disruption-new equilibrium structure.
2) Vladimir Propp's analysis of folk tales as having recurring character types like heroes, villains, donors that fulfill narrative functions.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of narratives being driven by binary oppositions like man vs. woman, young vs. old.
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1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
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1. Todorov created a narrative theory in 1969 that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an event, and restoration of a new equilibrium.
2. Propp identified 7 character types that commonly appear in stories, including the villain, donor, dispatcher, and hero.
3. Levi-Strauss discussed the concept of binary oppositions, or pairs of opposites like raw vs cooked, that structure human thought and culture.
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The document discusses various narrative theories that are relevant to understanding stories and media. It covers Aristotle's three unities of drama, Freytag's dramatic arc model consisting of five acts, Todorov's theory of narrative equilibrium being disrupted and then restored, Propp's character archetypes in folktales, Barthes' concept of narratives establishing and solving enigmas, Levi-Strauss' idea of binary oppositions creating meaning, and provides examples of how these theories are applied in analyzing the TV show "24."
Narrative theories
This document provides an overview of several narrative theories and theorists, including their key concepts and structures. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of Russian folktales and identification of character types and 31 narrative functions. It also outlines Roland Barthes' description of narrative codes, Tzvetan Todorov's concept of equilibrium shifts, and Claude Levi-Strauss' view of narratives created through binary oppositions. Examples are given of each theorist's approach.
Narrative observation lesson new
This document discusses various narrative theories and how they can be applied to analyze music videos. It defines narrative and describes approaches such as Todorov's 5 stages, Propp's 7 character types, and Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. Roland Barthes' narrative codes of action, enigma, semantic, and cultural are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses postmodern concepts like pastiche, intertextuality, and modular narratives. Students are instructed to choose a music video and use the provided worksheet to analyze the narrative elements.
Narrative powerpoint
Narratives across different cultures generally follow common structural patterns involving disruption of equilibrium, action in response, and restoration of a new equilibrium, with theorists like Propp and Campbell identifying universal narrative archetypes like The Hero's Journey. Narrative theory examines how stories are constructed through elements like characters, events, themes, and the relationship between the story and its telling. Understanding narrative conventions and how they shape meaning is important for analyzing how media texts engage audiences.
Narrative Theory (Postmodernism)
The document discusses various narrative theories and theorists that are relevant for evaluating media productions. It describes key concepts of narrative like story, discourse, diegesis, and verisimilitude. Theories covered include Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Propp's character archetypes, and Campbell's monomyth structure. The document reinforces that narratives across cultures generally have common structures and use binary oppositions. It emphasizes distinguishing narrative structure from theme or ideology.
Approaches to narrative theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis identifying 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in consistent order. Additionally, it summarizes Joseph Campbell's theory of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure involving stages like the call to adventure and return from the quest.
Approaches To Narrative Theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in folktales in a consistent sequence. Additionally, it discusses Joseph Campbell's concept of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure that is common across cultures.
Narrative theories
The document discusses several narrative theories that can apply to music videos:
- Todorov's theory outlines 5 stages - equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, reparation, and new equilibrium.
- Propp's theory examines character roles like the hero, villain, donor, etc.
- Barthes identified 5 codes that activate the audience: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
- Levi-Strauss studied how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary opposites.
Narrative theorist
Tim O'Sullivan argues that all media texts tell stories that convey aspects of culture. Narrative theory examines how these story structures and conventions are constructed. Various scholars have proposed models of narrative structure, including Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative equilibrium disruption and restoration, Propp's 7 character archetypes, and Campbell's monomyth model of the hero's journey. Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as reducing the complex world to simple binary oppositions. Later scholars analyzed narrative structures and conventions specific to music videos.
Exam 1 b narrative
The document discusses various theories of narrative structure, including:
- Plot vs narrative and how they differ
- Time and location manipulation techniques used in narratives
- Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure
- Propp's analysis of 7 character roles and 31 possible narrative functions
- Levi-Strauss' concept of narratives being structured around binary opposites
- Barthes' codes of action, enigma, and other techniques used in narratives
It provides examples and discusses applying these concepts to analyzing one's own creative works.
Narrative theories
The document discusses key concepts in narrative theory, including definitions of narrative, plot, and story. It examines the work of four major narrative theorists: Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Roland Barthes. Todorov identified the three-part structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium in narratives. Propp analyzed character archetypes. Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as being structured around binary oppositions. Barthes identified five narrative codes that make up every narrative.
Media Theories
The document discusses several media theories related to how meaning is constructed in films. It outlines structuralism and how signs and codes convey information based on cultural understanding. It also describes Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium and disequilibrium in stories. Additionally, it mentions Levi Strauss' concept of binary opposites and visual/conceptual oppositions. Finally, it briefly summarizes Vladimir Propp's eight character archetypes, Carol Clover's final girl theory, and Sigmund Freud's ideas of id, ego, superego, sadism, and masochism.
Narrative theories brief version
The document discusses different approaches to analyzing narratives. It explains that narratives have common structural elements like a beginning, middle, and end (Aristotle). Narratives also involve an initial equilibrium that is disrupted, leading characters to try and restore the equilibrium (Todorov). Propp identified common character roles and sequence of plot events across folktales. The document also discusses Levi-Strauss' idea of binary oppositions that drive narrative conflict. Overall, the structuralist view is that narratives share underlying patterns and relationships between elements that can be uncovered through analysis.
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1bnarrative
- 1. Narrative The way you tell the story
- 2. Narrative v story "Story is the irreducible substance of a story (A meets B, something happens, order returns), while narrative is the way the story is related (Once upon a time there was a princess...)" (Key Concepts in Communication - Fiske et al (1983))
- 3. Narrative Explores different elements Genre Character Form Time NB There will be key events , and information that is not shown
- 4. Structure Linear – start middle end Open – audience left to wonder what happen next Closed – definite conclusion Circular, begins at end and then taken back to explain the journey, how we arrived at that point.
- 5. Roland Barthes Explained narrative as a series of codes that can be read by the audience Action code - proairetic Enigma code - hermeneutic Semic code Symbolic code Cultural code - referential
- 6. Barthes’ Codes Action code – device by which any action implies further action. A cowboy draws his gun and we wonder what the resolution will be. Suspense created by the action itself. Enigma code – device that teases the audience by presenting a puzzle or riddle to be solved. By snares (deliberate evasion of truth), equivocations (partial answer or lammings ( openly acknowledgement that there is no answer) Semic (Semantic) code – connotation within the story that gives additional meaning over denotative menaing Symbolic code – similar, hard to distinguish but organised Cultural code – device which the audience can recognise as referring to a science or a body of knowledges or proverbs
- 7. Quite good analysis http://media-studies- thriller.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/use-of-barthes- code-by-quentin.html Barthes got very deep into all this but very basically texts may be ´open´ (ie unravelled in a lot of different ways) or ´closed´ (there is only one obvious thread to pull on).
- 8. Narrative Structure Tvzetan Todorov – suggests narrative is equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium Vladimir Propp – characters and actions Claude Levi-Strauss - binary oppositions
- 9. Time Films do not normally live in real time, which can be manipulated by Flashbacks/flashforwards Dream sequences Repetition Different characters POV
- 10. Binary Oposition Part of A 20th century theory of meaning called structuralism
- 11. Binary Opposition the way we understand certain words depends not so much on any meaning they themselves directly contain, but much more by our understanding of the difference between the word and its 'opposite' or, as they called it 'binary opposite'. Words merely act as symbols for society's ideas and that the meaning of words, therefore, is a relationship between opposing ideas. one side of the binary pair is always seen by a particular society or culture as more valued over the other (Jacques Derrida)
- 12. Claude Levi-Strauss Binary oppositions love/hate young/old good/evil masculine/feminine, man/nature control/panic quiet/ loud strong/weak peace/war mankind/aliens alive/dead coward/hero wealth/poverty body/soul truth/lies health/illness natural/artificial strong/weak fair/unfair
- 13. Joseph Campbell Looked at myths, legends and religions in various cultures, observed that most narratives follow a common pattern of hero quest, journey or momomyth. (The Hero with a Thousand Faces) Same narrative stages and universally recognisable characters and situations ie archetypes
- 14. Archetypes These are recurring types and relationships and patterns symbols or situations Hero outcast devil figure Woman figure – temptress, unfaithful wife etc wise old man Quest Initiation Fall Death and rebirth
- 15. Simplification Campbell quite religious and got really into this stuff was simplified by story analyst Chris Vogler in The Writers Journey. Great films are such because they ‘ have an appeal that can be felt by everyone because they well up from a universal source in the shared unconsciousness and reflect universal concerns’ Has become very influentional in Hollywood
- 16. Voglers hero’s journey Ordinar world Call to adventure Refusal of the call Meeting with the mentor Crossing the first threshold Tests, allies, enemies Approach to the inmost cave Supreme ordeal Reward ( seizing the sword) The road back Resurrection Return with the elixir
- 17. Vogler;s archetypes Hero – to serve and sacrifice Mentor – to guide Threshold guardian – to test Shapeshifter – to question and deceive Shadow – to destroy
- 18. Propp – A stucturalist approach Starting to look like Propp now with character types such as The Hero, Helper, Villian, False Hero, Donor, Dispatcher, Princess, Princess’s Father Who identified 31 stages Fairy Stories (known as his Morphology) also broke the section down into Preparatory section, Villainy, EITHER - A struggle and victory over villainy, end of lack and return, OR unrecognised arrival, recognition, punishment wedding
- 19. Propp condensed He compared his fairy story stages to different genres and realised in many cases they were common we can condense his 31 into 6 Preparation – setting the scene Complication – a problem occurs and some evil taking place Transference – hero receives help ( often a magic object) and goes on a quest Struggle- there is a fight Return – the hero succeeds in his mission Recognition – villian is punished and the hero rewarded
- 20. Tzvetan Todorov Believed that there are five stages to narrative structure Equilibrium Disruption ( by an event – an agent of change) Recognition that disruption has occurs Ann attempt to repair the damage Restoration and new equilibrium