1a.introduction to microprocessors
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Microprocessor is a programmable logic device designed with registers, flip flops and timing elements.
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comparison between Microprocessor-Microcontroller
Microprocessors and microcontrollers are both integrated circuits that contain a CPU, but they have key differences. Microprocessors are general purpose processors that do not contain RAM, ROM, or I/O ports on the chip itself, while microcontrollers are application specific and contain RAM, ROM, and I/O ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers are more compact, less expensive, and include more power saving features than microprocessors. Examples of microprocessors include the 8086 and i7, while microcontrollers include the 8051 and msp430.
Applied Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor containing the functions of a CPU on a single integrated circuit. This greatly reduces processing costs. As designs improve, manufacturing costs stay the same despite components shrinking. A microcontroller is a microprocessor with additional memory and input/output peripherals integrated onto a single chip. Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems and devices to digitally control functions. The key difference is microcontrollers have additional integrated components beyond just the CPU.
Micro controller
As we learnt much about micro processor, now its usage as micro controller, the mechanism and technology behind it!
MICROPROCESSOR VS MICROCONTROLLER
1) The document discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2) A microcontroller integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip to make it suitable for applications where cost, power and space are critical constraints.
3) In contrast, a microprocessor-based system has the CPU, memory, and I/O components separated, allowing for more flexibility but also greater expense, higher power consumption, and larger size.
microcontroller vs microprocessor
A microprocessor consists of a central processing unit and minimal additional components like registers, while a microcontroller includes more integrated components like memory, input/output pins and communication modules. Specifically, a microcontroller combines a microprocessor with RAM, ROM, timers and other peripherals onto a single chip, making it self-contained and suitable for embedded applications where cost, power and space are priorities. In contrast, a microprocessor's components are separate, providing more flexibility but also greater expense.
ATmega32
This document discusses the ATmega32 microcontroller. It provides details about the microcontroller, including that it is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable I/O. It notes features of the ATmega32 such as its processing power, memory, programming capabilities, and peripherals. Example code is provided to control a stepper motor using the ATmega32 by setting the data direction registers and outputting different values to PORTB to rotate the motor in both directions.
Introduction of microcontroller
This lecture contain some important and basic things of a microcontrollers. fro more detail visit this post of our website
http://engineermaze.com/introduction-of-microcontroller-51
micro controller
The document discusses microcontrollers and the PIC16F84 microcontroller in particular. It provides the following key details:
- A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit containing specialized circuits and functions used in mechatronic systems, including a CPU, memory, I/O ports, and communication interfaces.
- The PIC16F84 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 1792 bytes of flash memory and 68 bytes of RAM. It has digital I/O pins that allow input and output functionality.
- The microcontroller requires power and ground connections and has a reset pin that allows the device to restart the program stored in its memory.
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comparison between Microprocessor-Microcontroller
Microprocessors and microcontrollers are both integrated circuits that contain a CPU, but they have key differences. Microprocessors are general purpose processors that do not contain RAM, ROM, or I/O ports on the chip itself, while microcontrollers are application specific and contain RAM, ROM, and I/O ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers are more compact, less expensive, and include more power saving features than microprocessors. Examples of microprocessors include the 8086 and i7, while microcontrollers include the 8051 and msp430.
Applied Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor containing the functions of a CPU on a single integrated circuit. This greatly reduces processing costs. As designs improve, manufacturing costs stay the same despite components shrinking. A microcontroller is a microprocessor with additional memory and input/output peripherals integrated onto a single chip. Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems and devices to digitally control functions. The key difference is microcontrollers have additional integrated components beyond just the CPU.
Micro controller
As we learnt much about micro processor, now its usage as micro controller, the mechanism and technology behind it!
MICROPROCESSOR VS MICROCONTROLLER
1) The document discusses the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2) A microcontroller integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip to make it suitable for applications where cost, power and space are critical constraints.
3) In contrast, a microprocessor-based system has the CPU, memory, and I/O components separated, allowing for more flexibility but also greater expense, higher power consumption, and larger size.
microcontroller vs microprocessor
A microprocessor consists of a central processing unit and minimal additional components like registers, while a microcontroller includes more integrated components like memory, input/output pins and communication modules. Specifically, a microcontroller combines a microprocessor with RAM, ROM, timers and other peripherals onto a single chip, making it self-contained and suitable for embedded applications where cost, power and space are priorities. In contrast, a microprocessor's components are separate, providing more flexibility but also greater expense.
ATmega32
This document discusses the ATmega32 microcontroller. It provides details about the microcontroller, including that it is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable I/O. It notes features of the ATmega32 such as its processing power, memory, programming capabilities, and peripherals. Example code is provided to control a stepper motor using the ATmega32 by setting the data direction registers and outputting different values to PORTB to rotate the motor in both directions.
Introduction of microcontroller
This lecture contain some important and basic things of a microcontrollers. fro more detail visit this post of our website
http://engineermaze.com/introduction-of-microcontroller-51
micro controller
The document discusses microcontrollers and the PIC16F84 microcontroller in particular. It provides the following key details:
- A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit containing specialized circuits and functions used in mechatronic systems, including a CPU, memory, I/O ports, and communication interfaces.
- The PIC16F84 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 1792 bytes of flash memory and 68 bytes of RAM. It has digital I/O pins that allow input and output functionality.
- The microcontroller requires power and ground connections and has a reset pin that allows the device to restart the program stored in its memory.
Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit chip that contains a CPU, memory, and input/output peripherals. It works like a computer but without an operating system and can be programmed to control machinery, appliances, and other devices. Microcontrollers have been used since the 1970s and examples include the Intel 8248 and those found in devices like Arduino boards and automobiles due to their abilities to save space and time in hardware and software applications.
ppt on microprocessor & microcontroller
This document provides information about microprocessors and microcontrollers:
- Microprocessors are the "brains" of computers and electronic devices, containing the central processing unit. They require external memory and input/output components. The first microprocessor was the 4-bit Intel 4004. Major developments included the 8-bit Intel 8008 and 16-bit Intel 8086.
- Microcontrollers integrate the processor, memory and input/output onto a single chip. The first microcontroller was the Intel 8048 in 1975. They are used in compact, embedded systems like MP3 players.
- Compared to microprocessors, microcontrollers are smaller, cheaper and more power efficient since memory and input/output are internal rather
Difference between 8085 and 8086 microprocessor Architecture
The document compares the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It notes that the 8086 was an improvement over the 8085 in several ways: it had a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus compared to the 8085's 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus. The 8086 also had faster clock speeds, supported pipelining and memory segmentation, and had more transistors, flags, and arithmetic instructions. Overall, the 8086 was a more powerful processor able to perform tasks faster than the 8085.
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Difference Between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
A microprocessor is an electronic computer component crafted from miniature sized transistors & some other circuitry elements on a solitary semi-conductor IC (integrated circuit) or micro chip. Microcontroller is a computer on‐a‐chip optimized to manage electric gadgets. It is intended particularly for precise tasks like controlling a particular system.
Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller
What is difference between microprocessor and microcontroller? In these differences between microprocessor and microcontroller have been disuscced. For more info check this link http://microcontrollerslab.com/difference-between-microprocessor-and-microcontroller/
Microcontroller
About microcontroller and why should I learn and daily life uses and history of microcontroller and manufacturing companies of microcontroller and learn
Introduction to Microcontroller
The document discusses microcontrollers, including:
- What a microcontroller is, its basic anatomy and how it works to serve as a bridge between the physical and digital worlds.
- The main components of a microcontroller including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers, and ADC/DAC.
- Types of microcontrollers such as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit varieties as well as external vs embedded memory architectures.
- Popular microcontroller families like 8051, PIC, AVR, and ARM.
- Applications of microcontrollers in devices like home appliances, industrial equipment, and computers.
Introduction in microcontroller
A microcontroller is an integrated chip that contains a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It is designed to control embedded systems and execute single tasks. Microcontrollers are smaller and simpler than microprocessors. They typically have less than 1MB of memory and clock speeds less than 20MHz. A microcontroller receives input from devices like remote controls and sends output to devices like TV screens or LED displays to control systems. Common applications of microcontrollers include devices in homes, offices, and products that are automatically controlled.
microprocessor-and-microcontroller
Microprocessors and microcontrollers are both integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip. Microprocessors are general purpose CPUs used to build computer systems, while microcontrollers are self-contained systems that control embedded devices. Microcontrollers contain additional components like timers and analog-to-digital converters that make them suitable for real-time control applications in devices and appliances. Common applications of microcontrollers include industrial control systems, home appliances, automotive engine control systems, and consumer electronics. Microprocessors are used to build more complex computer systems for applications like desktop PCs, servers, communication equipment, and industrial instrumentation.
Microprocessors presentation
This document discusses microprocessors and assembly language. It covers several topics:
1. The five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. Microprocessors are integrated circuits that serve as the central processing unit of modern computers.
2. The four generations of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit. Modern microprocessors use techniques like pipelining to improve performance.
3. The differences between accumulator-based and register-based microprocessors. Accumulator-based models store results in an accumulator register while register-based models use general-purpose registers.
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This document provides an overview of embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines embedded systems as dedicated systems that are hidden parts of larger systems. Microcontrollers are described as single-chip computers containing a CPU, memory, and I/O ports. The key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers are explained. The document also discusses common microcontroller vendors including Atmel, various AVR microcontroller categories and features, and the Atmega16 microcontroller in detail.
Microprocessor & microcontroller
The document provides an overview of microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses the history of microprocessors from early 4-bit processors to modern 64-bit processors. A microprocessor contains a central processing unit while a microcontroller contains additional components like memory and input/output interfaces integrated into a single chip. Microcontrollers require less external hardware than microprocessors. The document describes the basic architecture of microprocessors and microcontrollers including components like registers, buses, and memory. It compares the von Neumann and Harvard architectures. Interrupts and memory-mapped I/O are also discussed.
Avr introduction
The document provides an overview of AVR microcontrollers, including:
- AVRs were originally developed in Norway and are now produced by Atmel. They are Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC microcontrollers.
- AVRs come in three broad categories based on memory size and features. They have integrated flash memory, RAM, and optional EEPROM.
- AVRs have 32 general purpose registers and internal I/O registers. Program execution uses a single level pipeline.
- AVRs support clock speeds up to 20MHz and achieve 1 MIPS per MHz. They include features like GPIO, timers, serial interfaces, ADC, and more specialized features depending on the model.
Microprocessor vs. microcontroller
The document discusses the internal architecture of the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It describes the main components of the 8086 including the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and Execution Unit (EU). It also covers the memory organization of the 8086, including the use of separate memory segments for code, data, stack, and extra segments. The Flag Register contained within the EU is also described, which stores condition and control bits used during instruction execution.
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- The AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel in the 1990s. It uses RISC architecture and is commonly used in hobbyist and commercial projects due to its low cost and availability.
- Code is burned onto AVR microcontrollers using a software program called Atmel Studio, which allows writing code in C or assembly language. The program is then loaded onto the microcontroller through its pins.
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Micro controller
Microcontrollers are single integrated circuits that contain a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. They are designed to control systems automatically based on programmed applications. The first microcontroller was the TMS 1000 in 1974. Microcontrollers contain basic hardware components like buses to transfer data, volatile and non-volatile memory, input/output ports, an oscillator for timing signals, and timers/counters. They work by executing programmed instructions in sequence from memory at a rapid pace controlled by the oscillator. Microcontrollers are widely used to control devices in applications like mobile phones, automobiles, appliances, security systems, and more.
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A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit chip that contains a CPU, memory, and input/output peripherals. It works like a computer but without an operating system and can be programmed to control machinery, appliances, and other devices. Microcontrollers have been used since the 1970s and examples include the Intel 8248 and those found in devices like Arduino boards and automobiles due to their abilities to save space and time in hardware and software applications.
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This document provides information about microprocessors and microcontrollers:
- Microprocessors are the "brains" of computers and electronic devices, containing the central processing unit. They require external memory and input/output components. The first microprocessor was the 4-bit Intel 4004. Major developments included the 8-bit Intel 8008 and 16-bit Intel 8086.
- Microcontrollers integrate the processor, memory and input/output onto a single chip. The first microcontroller was the Intel 8048 in 1975. They are used in compact, embedded systems like MP3 players.
- Compared to microprocessors, microcontrollers are smaller, cheaper and more power efficient since memory and input/output are internal rather
Difference between 8085 and 8086 microprocessor Architecture
The document compares the 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It notes that the 8086 was an improvement over the 8085 in several ways: it had a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus compared to the 8085's 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus. The 8086 also had faster clock speeds, supported pipelining and memory segmentation, and had more transistors, flags, and arithmetic instructions. Overall, the 8086 was a more powerful processor able to perform tasks faster than the 8085.
Micro controller & Micro processor
This document outlines the course for a Microprocessor and Microcontroller class. It includes the objectives, which are to provide an overview of microcontroller architecture, addressing modes, instruction sets, subroutines, interrupts, and software/hardware interfacing. The course outline then details the various topics that will be covered, such as internal architecture of microprocessors and microcontrollers, instruction sets, addressing modes, interrupts and timers. It lists exam dates and required textbooks.
Difference Between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
A microprocessor is an electronic computer component crafted from miniature sized transistors & some other circuitry elements on a solitary semi-conductor IC (integrated circuit) or micro chip. Microcontroller is a computer on‐a‐chip optimized to manage electric gadgets. It is intended particularly for precise tasks like controlling a particular system.
Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller
What is difference between microprocessor and microcontroller? In these differences between microprocessor and microcontroller have been disuscced. For more info check this link http://microcontrollerslab.com/difference-between-microprocessor-and-microcontroller/
Microcontroller
About microcontroller and why should I learn and daily life uses and history of microcontroller and manufacturing companies of microcontroller and learn
Introduction to Microcontroller
The document discusses microcontrollers, including:
- What a microcontroller is, its basic anatomy and how it works to serve as a bridge between the physical and digital worlds.
- The main components of a microcontroller including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers, and ADC/DAC.
- Types of microcontrollers such as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit varieties as well as external vs embedded memory architectures.
- Popular microcontroller families like 8051, PIC, AVR, and ARM.
- Applications of microcontrollers in devices like home appliances, industrial equipment, and computers.
Introduction in microcontroller
A microcontroller is an integrated chip that contains a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It is designed to control embedded systems and execute single tasks. Microcontrollers are smaller and simpler than microprocessors. They typically have less than 1MB of memory and clock speeds less than 20MHz. A microcontroller receives input from devices like remote controls and sends output to devices like TV screens or LED displays to control systems. Common applications of microcontrollers include devices in homes, offices, and products that are automatically controlled.
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Microprocessors and microcontrollers are both integrated circuits that contain a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip. Microprocessors are general purpose CPUs used to build computer systems, while microcontrollers are self-contained systems that control embedded devices. Microcontrollers contain additional components like timers and analog-to-digital converters that make them suitable for real-time control applications in devices and appliances. Common applications of microcontrollers include industrial control systems, home appliances, automotive engine control systems, and consumer electronics. Microprocessors are used to build more complex computer systems for applications like desktop PCs, servers, communication equipment, and industrial instrumentation.
Microprocessors presentation
This document discusses microprocessors and assembly language. It covers several topics:
1. The five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. Microprocessors are integrated circuits that serve as the central processing unit of modern computers.
2. The four generations of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit. Modern microprocessors use techniques like pipelining to improve performance.
3. The differences between accumulator-based and register-based microprocessors. Accumulator-based models store results in an accumulator register while register-based models use general-purpose registers.
Micro-controller course lec 01
This document provides an overview of micro-controller systems and their features. It discusses the evolution from large computers to single-chip embedded controllers. Micro-controllers have limited components and are programmed with high-level languages. They contain various memory types including RAM, ROM, EEPROM and flash. Micro-controllers also feature things like timers, interrupts, analog to digital converters and serial I/O. They can operate with different architectures like Von Neumann or Harvard and use number systems like binary, decimal and hexadecimal. Recommended resources are provided to learn more.
Intro to micro controller (Atmega16)
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines embedded systems as dedicated systems that are hidden parts of larger systems. Microcontrollers are described as single-chip computers containing a CPU, memory, and I/O ports. The key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers are explained. The document also discusses common microcontroller vendors including Atmel, various AVR microcontroller categories and features, and the Atmega16 microcontroller in detail.
Microprocessor & microcontroller
The document provides an overview of microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses the history of microprocessors from early 4-bit processors to modern 64-bit processors. A microprocessor contains a central processing unit while a microcontroller contains additional components like memory and input/output interfaces integrated into a single chip. Microcontrollers require less external hardware than microprocessors. The document describes the basic architecture of microprocessors and microcontrollers including components like registers, buses, and memory. It compares the von Neumann and Harvard architectures. Interrupts and memory-mapped I/O are also discussed.
Avr introduction
The document provides an overview of AVR microcontrollers, including:
- AVRs were originally developed in Norway and are now produced by Atmel. They are Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC microcontrollers.
- AVRs come in three broad categories based on memory size and features. They have integrated flash memory, RAM, and optional EEPROM.
- AVRs have 32 general purpose registers and internal I/O registers. Program execution uses a single level pipeline.
- AVRs support clock speeds up to 20MHz and achieve 1 MIPS per MHz. They include features like GPIO, timers, serial interfaces, ADC, and more specialized features depending on the model.
Microprocessor vs. microcontroller
The document discusses the internal architecture of the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It describes the main components of the 8086 including the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and Execution Unit (EU). It also covers the memory organization of the 8086, including the use of separate memory segments for code, data, stack, and extra segments. The Flag Register contained within the EU is also described, which stores condition and control bits used during instruction execution.
1 introducing embedded systems and the microcontrollers
This chapter introduces embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines embedded systems as systems that are controlled by computers embedded within them, with computing not being their primary function. Examples of embedded systems like refrigerators and cars are provided. The chapter discusses computer essentials like instruction sets and memory types. It explains that microcontrollers are microprocessors with added circuitry used for embedded applications. Finally, it provides details about Microchip's PIC microcontroller families including the 12F508 model.
Advance Microcontroller AVR
- Microcontrollers are small computers contained on a single chip that contain a processor core, memory, and input/output interfaces. They are used in automatically controlled embedded systems.
- The AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel in the 1990s. It uses RISC architecture and is commonly used in hobbyist and commercial projects due to its low cost and availability.
- Code is burned onto AVR microcontrollers using a software program called Atmel Studio, which allows writing code in C or assembly language. The program is then loaded onto the microcontroller through its pins.
ATMEGA 328
The Atmega328 is a low-power 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR architecture that can achieve throughputs of 1 MIPS per MHz. It has 32KB of flash memory, 1KB of EEPROM, 2KB of SRAM, 3 I/O ports, 32 general purpose registers, and a 16-bit timer/counter that can generate delays of up to 262ms when running on a 16MHz oscillator.
Micro controller
Microcontrollers are single integrated circuits that contain a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. They are designed to control systems automatically based on programmed applications. The first microcontroller was the TMS 1000 in 1974. Microcontrollers contain basic hardware components like buses to transfer data, volatile and non-volatile memory, input/output ports, an oscillator for timing signals, and timers/counters. They work by executing programmed instructions in sequence from memory at a rapid pace controlled by the oscillator. Microcontrollers are widely used to control devices in applications like mobile phones, automobiles, appliances, security systems, and more.
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The document discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers. It provides a history of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit models over time from companies like Intel and Fairchild. Microcontrollers are described as self-contained systems with a processor, memory, and I/O on a single chip. Common microcontroller architectures and components like memory, I/O, and interrupts are outlined. The key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers are that microcontrollers have integrated memory, I/O devices and require less external hardware, while microprocessors are more flexible but require more external components.
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The document discusses the history of microprocessors from 1971 to present. It begins with the Intel 4004, the first commercially available microprocessor with 2300 transistors. Important subsequent microprocessors discussed include the Intel 8008, 8080, 8085, Pentium, and Core 2. The document explains the basic components of a microprocessor including the ALU, register array, and control unit. It describes how a microprocessor works by fetching, decoding, and executing instructions from memory.
Pic microcontroller [autosaved] [autosaved]
The PIC microcontroller is a single-chip computer with RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a CPU. The PIC16F73 has features like a RISC CPU, 4K bytes of flash memory, 192 bytes of RAM, three I/O ports and a built-in oscillator. It has peripherals like timers, PWM, ADC and serial communication modules. The PIC memory is divided into program memory for instructions and data memory consisting of register banks. Common applications include interfacing with LCDs and 7-segment displays.
Intro to up.pptx
This document provides an introduction to microprocessors including definitions, components, and applications. It discusses that a microprocessor is the central processing unit of a computer built on a single integrated circuit. It contains the arithmetic logic unit, control unit and registers. The document outlines the evolution of microprocessors from 4-bit to 32-bit models. It describes the basic components of a microcomputer including the address bus, data bus, and control bus. Finally, it discusses many applications of microprocessors in devices, industrial systems, transportation, computers, medical equipment, and more.
embedded systems ppts
This document provides an overview of embedded systems, including what they are, where they are commonly found, and the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers. It defines embedded systems as special purpose computer systems that perform dedicated functions, often as part of a larger system. Examples of where embedded systems are used include household appliances, vehicles, medical equipment, and more. The document also outlines the typical components of a microprocessor and microcontroller like the CPU, memory, I/O, and timers. It notes that microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip, while microprocessors require external components. Microcontrollers are generally used in applications where cost, power and space are critical factors.
micro controllers 1.ppt
The document discusses microcontrollers and the 8051 microcontroller. It provides an overview of embedded systems and microcontrollers, describing microcontrollers as single-chip computers containing a CPU, RAM, ROM, and I/O ports. It then details the components and architecture of the 8051 microcontroller, including its CPU, memory, timers, serial port, and I/O ports. Selection criteria for choosing a microcontroller for an application are also summarized.
8051 block diagram
Microcontrollers are small computers that integrate RAM, ROM, I/O ports and other components onto a single chip. They are used in applications where cost, power and space are critical. The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers have all components on one chip while microprocessors have separate chips. It then describes the typical internal blocks of a microcontroller, including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers and serial ports. Block diagrams show the connections between these internal components.
8051 microcontroller
The document discusses microcontrollers and microprocessors. It defines a microcontroller as a programmable digital processor with integrated peripherals that can operate as a standalone system. A microcontroller is compared to a Swiss army knife for its multifunctional nature. The key differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors are that microcontrollers have on-chip memory and integrated peripherals, require less external components, and are used for dedicated applications, while microprocessors require external memory and are more general purpose. Modern microcontroller features and the internal architecture of the Intel 8051 microcontroller are also described.
Challenges in Embedded Computing
This document discusses embedded computing and microcontrollers. It provides information on characteristics of embedded systems like meeting deadlines and real-time constraints. It explains why microprocessors are useful for implementing digital systems efficiently. Microprocessors can be customized for different price points and markets. The document also discusses challenges in embedded computing like power consumption and testing. It provides specifications of computer components like the processor, memory, and ports. Finally, it describes several families of microcontrollers like the Intel 4004, 8051, and ARM profiles.
I. Introduction to Microprocessor System.ppt
This document provides an introduction to microprocessors, including their components, classifications, and how they interface with memory and I/O devices. It discusses the components of a microprocessor including the ALU, register array, and control unit. It also describes different types of memory like ROM, RAM, SRAM and DRAM. Finally, it summarizes the two main methods for microprocessor I/O interfacing: direct I/O and memory-mapped I/O.
Processors
A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer.
An Introduction to Microcontrollers.pptx
The presentation covers an introduction to the microcontroller and its application. It contains key points about communication types, the microcontroller's components, and the way to program a microcontroller at a basic level.
Microcontroller
A microcontroller (or MCU, short for microcontroller unit) is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and operate a frequencies as low as 4 kHz, for low power consumption (single-digit milliwatts or microwatts). They will generally have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for an event such as a button press or other interrupt; power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be just nanowatts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications. Other microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a digital signal processor (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.
8051 basics
This document provides information about 8051 microcontrollers. It begins by defining embedded systems and their key characteristics such as being application-specific, containing dedicated processors, and having real-time constraints. It then discusses various applications of embedded systems in areas like aerospace, automotive, communication, computers, home appliances, industrial equipment, medical, office automation and personal devices. The document outlines the essential components of embedded systems and why microcontrollers are needed. It compares microcontrollers to microprocessors and describes the evolution of microcontrollers over time. Finally, it discusses the 8051 microcontroller architecture in detail including its memory mapping, pin descriptions and programming in C.
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1a.introduction to microprocessors
- 2. Digital Computer • Multipurpose programmable machine that reads binary information from its memory accepts binary data as its input and processes data according to instructions and provides results as output Input Memory CPU Output
- 3. Microcomputer • The CPU is replaced by the microprocessor Reg. Array Control Input Output ROM R/WM Microprocessor Memory System Bus ALU Reg. Array Control Unit
- 4. Microprocessor • Microprocessor is a programmable logic device designed with registers, flip flops and timing elements. • General-purpose microprocessor CPU for Computers Example：Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0 CPU (Micro-processor) 4 Joshua ECE
- 5. Microcontroller • A smaller computer • On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... • Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port CPU A single chip Microcontroller 5 Joshua ECE
- 6. Microprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. expensive versatility general-purpose Microcontroller • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip • fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports • Highly bit addressable • for applications in which cost, power and space are critical • single-purpose Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller 6 Joshua ECE