18th Century Art
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The Enlightenment valued reason and evidence-based thinking independent of tradition. Voltaire was a key figure who advocated for freedom of thought and religion. Neo-Classicism drew from Greek and Roman art, emphasizing emotionless figures and narratives, as seen in David's Oath of the Horatii. Romanticism valued personal freedoms and feelings over reason, as expressed through Blake's visionary works and Goya's nightmare imagery critiquing the horrors of war.
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Baroqueart
For educational purposes only. All rights reserved. Images reproduced by permission of textbook publisher.
Ms. Fuentes AP Art History class.
Romanticism Art History
Romanticism emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a reaction against Enlightenment ideals that emphasized reason and science. It valued emotion, imagination, individualism, and nature. Key aspects included:
1) A desire for freedom in politics, expression, thought, and other areas, with the belief that freedom came through imagination rather than reason.
2) An interest in the medieval, fantastic, and sublime - including dark emotions like horror. This was seen in works depicting nightmares and terrifying scenes.
3) Landscape painting that used nature allegorically to comment on spiritual, moral, and philosophical issues of the time. Artists expressed a unity of the soul with nature.
Baroque Art
The document summarizes the key characteristics of Baroque art, which was the predominant style between the 17th and 18th centuries. It originated in Italy in contrast to Renaissance art, emphasizing movement, drama, and emotion over balance and simplicity. Baroque architecture used curved lines and elaborate decoration to create a sense of motion. Sculpture aimed to depict dynamic moments and provoke surprise. Painting featured exaggerated lighting, foreshortening, and asymmetrical compositions. The works of artists like Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, and Vermeer are highlighted as emblematic of the Baroque style.
Baroque
Baroque art originated in Rome in the late 16th century as a style that glorified Catholicism and absolute monarchs in response to the Protestant Reformation. Baroque art is characterized by grandeur, drama, movement, and vibrant colors in large-scale works. Key artists included Bernini, whose sculptures exemplified drama and movement, and Rubens, whose paintings depicted religious scenes with theatrical flourishes. Caravaggio introduced greater realism through life-like figures and tenebrism techniques. In Protestant Holland, Baroque art focused on realistic genre paintings, portraits, landscapes and still lifes for the bourgeois class rather than public religious works.
Art in the 19 th century
Art in the 19th century went through several major movements that reflected the social and political changes of the time. Romanticism emphasized emotion and individualism as a reaction to Neoclassicism. Realism emerged in response to the failures of 1848 and problems of industrialization, aiming to accurately depict reality. Impressionism focused on light and color, using short brushstrokes. Post-Impressionism and Symbolism explored new techniques. Modernism broke from tradition incorporating nature and technology. New materials like iron and glass influenced architecture.
Baroque art
The Baroque style originated in Rome in the 17th century and later spread across Europe. It rejected some principles of the Renaissance like symmetry and proportion in favor of complex, dramatic forms intended to astonish viewers. Baroque art was often propagandistic, used by the Catholic Church and absolute monarchs to promote their authority. Key characteristics included dynamism, movement, and depicting strong emotions. Major Baroque artists included Bernini in Italy, Rubens in Flanders, Rembrandt in Holland, and Velazquez in Spain, each known for their realistic styles and masterful use of color, light, and composition.
Romanticism in art
Eugene Delacroix's painting Liberty Leading the People, painted in 1830, depicts a symbolic scene from the French July Revolution of 1830, with Liberty leading the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the flag of the French Revolution in one hand and a bayoneted musket in the other. The painting promotes the ideals of liberty, republicanism, and resistance to tyranny.
19th Century Art
This document provides an overview of 19th century art in Europe and the United States. It discusses major artistic movements and developments such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Realism, and Japonisme. Key artists and works mentioned include Monet, Manet, Van Gogh, Seurat, Gauguin, Munch, Courbet, Hiroshige, Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Cassatt. Major themes covered include the influence of new technologies like photography, urbanization, and cross-cultural influences between Western and Japanese art.
Recommended
Baroqueart
For educational purposes only. All rights reserved. Images reproduced by permission of textbook publisher.
Ms. Fuentes AP Art History class.
Romanticism Art History
Romanticism emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a reaction against Enlightenment ideals that emphasized reason and science. It valued emotion, imagination, individualism, and nature. Key aspects included:
1) A desire for freedom in politics, expression, thought, and other areas, with the belief that freedom came through imagination rather than reason.
2) An interest in the medieval, fantastic, and sublime - including dark emotions like horror. This was seen in works depicting nightmares and terrifying scenes.
3) Landscape painting that used nature allegorically to comment on spiritual, moral, and philosophical issues of the time. Artists expressed a unity of the soul with nature.
Baroque Art
The document summarizes the key characteristics of Baroque art, which was the predominant style between the 17th and 18th centuries. It originated in Italy in contrast to Renaissance art, emphasizing movement, drama, and emotion over balance and simplicity. Baroque architecture used curved lines and elaborate decoration to create a sense of motion. Sculpture aimed to depict dynamic moments and provoke surprise. Painting featured exaggerated lighting, foreshortening, and asymmetrical compositions. The works of artists like Bernini, Rubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, and Vermeer are highlighted as emblematic of the Baroque style.
Baroque
Baroque art originated in Rome in the late 16th century as a style that glorified Catholicism and absolute monarchs in response to the Protestant Reformation. Baroque art is characterized by grandeur, drama, movement, and vibrant colors in large-scale works. Key artists included Bernini, whose sculptures exemplified drama and movement, and Rubens, whose paintings depicted religious scenes with theatrical flourishes. Caravaggio introduced greater realism through life-like figures and tenebrism techniques. In Protestant Holland, Baroque art focused on realistic genre paintings, portraits, landscapes and still lifes for the bourgeois class rather than public religious works.
Art in the 19 th century
Art in the 19th century went through several major movements that reflected the social and political changes of the time. Romanticism emphasized emotion and individualism as a reaction to Neoclassicism. Realism emerged in response to the failures of 1848 and problems of industrialization, aiming to accurately depict reality. Impressionism focused on light and color, using short brushstrokes. Post-Impressionism and Symbolism explored new techniques. Modernism broke from tradition incorporating nature and technology. New materials like iron and glass influenced architecture.
Baroque art
The Baroque style originated in Rome in the 17th century and later spread across Europe. It rejected some principles of the Renaissance like symmetry and proportion in favor of complex, dramatic forms intended to astonish viewers. Baroque art was often propagandistic, used by the Catholic Church and absolute monarchs to promote their authority. Key characteristics included dynamism, movement, and depicting strong emotions. Major Baroque artists included Bernini in Italy, Rubens in Flanders, Rembrandt in Holland, and Velazquez in Spain, each known for their realistic styles and masterful use of color, light, and composition.
Romanticism in art
Eugene Delacroix's painting Liberty Leading the People, painted in 1830, depicts a symbolic scene from the French July Revolution of 1830, with Liberty leading the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the flag of the French Revolution in one hand and a bayoneted musket in the other. The painting promotes the ideals of liberty, republicanism, and resistance to tyranny.
19th Century Art
This document provides an overview of 19th century art in Europe and the United States. It discusses major artistic movements and developments such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Realism, and Japonisme. Key artists and works mentioned include Monet, Manet, Van Gogh, Seurat, Gauguin, Munch, Courbet, Hiroshige, Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Cassatt. Major themes covered include the influence of new technologies like photography, urbanization, and cross-cultural influences between Western and Japanese art.
Neo classicism
Neoclassicism was an artistic style that emerged in the late 18th century as a reaction against the over-ornamentation of Rococo. Inspired by the clarity and restraint of ancient Greek and Roman art, Neoclassicism emphasized simplicity, order, and rationality. Key figures included the painters Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres, the sculptor Antonio Canova, and the architects Robert Adam and Robert Smirke. Famous works from this period included David's painting The Oath of the Horatii, Canova's sculpture Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss, and buildings like the Madeleine Church in Paris.
02 realism edouard manet
The document provides context and analysis of Édouard Manet's 1863 painting "Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe". It discusses how the painting broke conventions by depicting nude women in a modern setting with clothed men, which shocked viewers. It summarizes the painting's composition and style, and notes that while Manet drew inspiration from classical works, he presented the scene and figures in a bold, unconventional manner that rendered it almost obscene to contemporary audiences. The document also compares the painting to other works that influenced Manet or responded to the controversy around his work.
DADAISM
The Dada art movement originated in Zurich, Switzerland during World War I as a protest against nationalism and bourgeois values through anti-art works incorporating chance, nonsense, and found objects. Key figures included Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, Hans Arp, Max Ernst, Man Ray, and Kurt Schwitters, who created works across mediums like painting, collage, sculpture, photography, and performance that challenged artistic conventions. Dada sought to represent the chaos of the postwar period through absurdist, ironic, and provocative creations.
The Italian Renaissance
Covering the art and culture of the Proto-Renaissance, the Early Renaissance, and the High Renaissance
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The document summarizes the discovery of prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux, France in 1940. Four teenagers discovered the cave paintings when a fallen tree revealed a hole leading underground. The cave contained paintings dated over 17,000 years old, depicting major themes of animals, human representations, and signs. The document includes several images of paintings from the Hall of Bulls and Painted Gallery at Lascaux cave that provide examples of prehistoric cave art from the Paleolithic era.
Early Modern Art
The document provides an overview of early modern art in Europe and America between 1900 and 1945. It discusses the emergence of modernist movements like Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, Dada, and Futurism in Europe in response to World War I and social changes. It also examines the gradual development of modernist art in America, including the influential 1913 Armory Show that introduced avant-garde European art to the United States. Major artists of the period from both sides of the Atlantic like Matisse, Picasso, Duchamp, and Stieglitz are also highlighted.
Art Movements Throughout European History
This document provides an overview of major art movements throughout European history from the Middle Ages to the late 20th century. It describes the key themes, characteristics, areas of influence, and example artists for each movement. The movements discussed include Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art, and Photorealism.
Rococo & Neoclassicism In Early 18th Century
The document provides an overview of Rococo and Neoclassicism in 18th century Europe. It discusses the political context and shifts in power from French royalty to aristocrats. Rococo began as an architectural style featuring undulating forms and spread to painting and sculpture. Neoclassicism emerged in response to Enlightenment ideals and was inspired by the ruins of Pompeii. It featured simpler, more structured compositions with references to Greek and Roman antiquity. The document summarizes key works of Rococo artists like Fragonard and Boucher and Neoclassical artists like David, West, and Ingres.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period between the 14th and 16th centuries that saw a revival of art and intellectual thought rooted in classical antiquity. Notable early Renaissance artists included Giotto, Donatello and Brunelleschi in Florence. The High Renaissance of the 15th century was marked by artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mannerism followed as a brief period characterized by elongated figures and flattened space. Key developments included increased naturalism, linear perspective techniques, and elevating the status of artists.
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The document provides an overview of the High Renaissance period in Italy from 1495-1520. It discusses key developments including the rising status of artists, who became international celebrities socializing with royalty. Leonardo da Vinci is highlighted as a quintessential Renaissance man with wide-ranging interests from science to art. The document analyzes several of his most famous works including the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, noting his mastery of techniques like sfumato. Raphael is also discussed for works like School of Athens, combining elements of Michelangelo, Leonardo, and his own teacher Perugino.
Renaissance painting
This document provides an overview of Renaissance and Mannerism painting. It discusses key characteristics like naturalism, rationalism, and idealization in Renaissance works. Major Renaissance artists like Masaccio, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo are profiled. The document also describes techniques used during the Renaissance and Mannerism periods like fresco painting, oil painting, and the development of engraving. Key themes in works are also outlined like religious subjects and the growing importance of portraiture and landscape. Characteristics of Mannerism painting like surprising compositions and deformations are also summarized.
The Baroque Period
The Baroque period and style began in 1600 in Rome and spread across Europe, known for exaggerated gestures and drama in sculpture, painting, literature, dance and music. Baroque architecture is characterized by grand buildings like the Palace of Versailles. Baroque painting used dynamic movement and emotion in works by artists like Rubens. Baroque music featured mood-driven works, complex melodies, basso continuo accompaniment, terraced dynamics and polyphonic textures.
Mannerism
The document summarizes Mannerism in the later 16th century in Italy. It emerged in the 1520s in reaction to High Renaissance styles like Raphael. Key features included artificiality, twisted figures, and complex compositions that were difficult to interpret. Major mannerist artists included Pontormo, Bronzino, and Parmigianino. Architecture during this period synthesized mannerist and classical elements, as seen in the works of Palladio. The Counter Reformation also influenced art through directives from the Council of Trent.
Baroque painting
Baroque painting is characterized by complicated compositions with different centers of attention, dynamic and complicated lines often using diagonals, and rich colors designed to create dramatic effects. Major Baroque painters include Caravaggio who used strong contrasts of light, Carracci who combined naturalism with idealization, Rubens who achieved balance between realism and idealism, Rembrandt with his mastery of light and shadow, and Velazquez who gave equal importance to subjects from royal portraits to everyday scenes. Rococo painting featured sensual beauty and depictions of high society, with Watteau, Fragonard, and Tiepolo portraying elegant figures in vibrant colors.
Renaissance Art
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art history between 1400-1600 AD. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles with a focus on individualism, linear perspective, and new painting techniques using oil paints. Famous Renaissance artists mentioned include Michelangelo, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, and their influential works in sculpture, painting, and architecture that advanced realism and humanism through their artistic skills and knowledge of anatomy.
Baroque Art
Baroque art developed in the early 17th century in Rome as a reaction to the perceived perfection of Renaissance art. It later spread across Europe, with each country adding its own style. A key characteristic was the use of light and shadow to elicit an emotional response from viewers. Major patrons included wealthy individuals and merchants seeking art for their homes. The movement emphasized dynamism and emotion over rationality. The two main branches were Catholic Baroque in countries like Italy and Flanders, featuring huge religious works, and Protestant Baroque in Holland and England, which focused more on landscapes, still lifes and portraits with little religious content.
Mannerism
Mannerism (from maniera, manner, or style), the artistic style prevailed in Italy from the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s until Baroque style 1590. Early Mannerism (c.1520-35) is known for its "anti-classical" or "anti-Renaissance" style, which later evolved into High Mannerism (c.1535-1580), a more intricate, inward-looking, and academic style intended to cater to more sophisticated patrons. The term used for anti-classical indicates that the naturalism painting style is during the high renaissance departure to an artificial and exaggerated painting style, also known as Mannerism.
Neoclassicism
The document discusses the rise of Neoclassicism during the Enlightenment period. Neoclassicism rejected the ornate styles that came before it in favor of a simpler, more rational style inspired by classical antiquity. Artists like Jacques-Louis David created works depicting stories of virtue from Greek and Roman history that promoted Enlightenment ideals of patriotism and civic duty. While Neoclassicism intended to educate through moral examples, the French Revolution it helped inspire descended into violence and terror rather than the noble republic envisioned in its classical references.
Mannerism & Baroque
The document provides an overview of several major artistic periods and styles between the 16th and 18th centuries in Europe, including Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo. [1] Mannerism emphasized style over substance and featured twisted figures. [2] Baroque art was characterized by bright colors, dramatic emotions, and grand themes as seen in the works of Bernini and Rubens. [3] Rococo emerged in the 18th century as a lighter and more delicate offshoot of Baroque featuring pastoral scenes and pastel colors.
Italian Renaissance Art
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
ARTA - BAROC & ROCCOCO
This document provides an overview of Baroque and Rococo art between the 17th-18th centuries in Europe. It discusses the political and religious context during this period and profiles many prominent artists including Bernini, Caravaggio, Artemisia Gentileschi, Velazquez, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and others. Their works reflected the dramatic and theatrical qualities of the Baroque style as well as the refined Rococo style that emerged later. Patronage came from the Catholic Church promoting the Counter-Reformation as well as wealthy urban classes and royal courts across Europe.
Art and Culture - Module 11 - Enlightenment
Eleventh and final module for GNED 1201 (Aesthetic Experience and Ideas). This one ever so briefly covers the aesthetics of the Enlightenment. I only had a single lecture available to me so it only really covers the topic in a very cursory way.
This course is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Art History and Culture course. Some of the content overlaps with my other Gen Ed course.
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Neo classicism
Neoclassicism was an artistic style that emerged in the late 18th century as a reaction against the over-ornamentation of Rococo. Inspired by the clarity and restraint of ancient Greek and Roman art, Neoclassicism emphasized simplicity, order, and rationality. Key figures included the painters Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres, the sculptor Antonio Canova, and the architects Robert Adam and Robert Smirke. Famous works from this period included David's painting The Oath of the Horatii, Canova's sculpture Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss, and buildings like the Madeleine Church in Paris.
02 realism edouard manet
The document provides context and analysis of Édouard Manet's 1863 painting "Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe". It discusses how the painting broke conventions by depicting nude women in a modern setting with clothed men, which shocked viewers. It summarizes the painting's composition and style, and notes that while Manet drew inspiration from classical works, he presented the scene and figures in a bold, unconventional manner that rendered it almost obscene to contemporary audiences. The document also compares the painting to other works that influenced Manet or responded to the controversy around his work.
DADAISM
The Dada art movement originated in Zurich, Switzerland during World War I as a protest against nationalism and bourgeois values through anti-art works incorporating chance, nonsense, and found objects. Key figures included Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, Hans Arp, Max Ernst, Man Ray, and Kurt Schwitters, who created works across mediums like painting, collage, sculpture, photography, and performance that challenged artistic conventions. Dada sought to represent the chaos of the postwar period through absurdist, ironic, and provocative creations.
The Italian Renaissance
Covering the art and culture of the Proto-Renaissance, the Early Renaissance, and the High Renaissance
Cave paintings
The document summarizes the discovery of prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux, France in 1940. Four teenagers discovered the cave paintings when a fallen tree revealed a hole leading underground. The cave contained paintings dated over 17,000 years old, depicting major themes of animals, human representations, and signs. The document includes several images of paintings from the Hall of Bulls and Painted Gallery at Lascaux cave that provide examples of prehistoric cave art from the Paleolithic era.
Early Modern Art
The document provides an overview of early modern art in Europe and America between 1900 and 1945. It discusses the emergence of modernist movements like Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, Dada, and Futurism in Europe in response to World War I and social changes. It also examines the gradual development of modernist art in America, including the influential 1913 Armory Show that introduced avant-garde European art to the United States. Major artists of the period from both sides of the Atlantic like Matisse, Picasso, Duchamp, and Stieglitz are also highlighted.
Art Movements Throughout European History
This document provides an overview of major art movements throughout European history from the Middle Ages to the late 20th century. It describes the key themes, characteristics, areas of influence, and example artists for each movement. The movements discussed include Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art, and Photorealism.
Rococo & Neoclassicism In Early 18th Century
The document provides an overview of Rococo and Neoclassicism in 18th century Europe. It discusses the political context and shifts in power from French royalty to aristocrats. Rococo began as an architectural style featuring undulating forms and spread to painting and sculpture. Neoclassicism emerged in response to Enlightenment ideals and was inspired by the ruins of Pompeii. It featured simpler, more structured compositions with references to Greek and Roman antiquity. The document summarizes key works of Rococo artists like Fragonard and Boucher and Neoclassical artists like David, West, and Ingres.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period between the 14th and 16th centuries that saw a revival of art and intellectual thought rooted in classical antiquity. Notable early Renaissance artists included Giotto, Donatello and Brunelleschi in Florence. The High Renaissance of the 15th century was marked by artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mannerism followed as a brief period characterized by elongated figures and flattened space. Key developments included increased naturalism, linear perspective techniques, and elevating the status of artists.
High Renaissance and Mannerism PART 1
The document provides an overview of the High Renaissance period in Italy from 1495-1520. It discusses key developments including the rising status of artists, who became international celebrities socializing with royalty. Leonardo da Vinci is highlighted as a quintessential Renaissance man with wide-ranging interests from science to art. The document analyzes several of his most famous works including the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, noting his mastery of techniques like sfumato. Raphael is also discussed for works like School of Athens, combining elements of Michelangelo, Leonardo, and his own teacher Perugino.
Renaissance painting
This document provides an overview of Renaissance and Mannerism painting. It discusses key characteristics like naturalism, rationalism, and idealization in Renaissance works. Major Renaissance artists like Masaccio, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo are profiled. The document also describes techniques used during the Renaissance and Mannerism periods like fresco painting, oil painting, and the development of engraving. Key themes in works are also outlined like religious subjects and the growing importance of portraiture and landscape. Characteristics of Mannerism painting like surprising compositions and deformations are also summarized.
The Baroque Period
The Baroque period and style began in 1600 in Rome and spread across Europe, known for exaggerated gestures and drama in sculpture, painting, literature, dance and music. Baroque architecture is characterized by grand buildings like the Palace of Versailles. Baroque painting used dynamic movement and emotion in works by artists like Rubens. Baroque music featured mood-driven works, complex melodies, basso continuo accompaniment, terraced dynamics and polyphonic textures.
Mannerism
The document summarizes Mannerism in the later 16th century in Italy. It emerged in the 1520s in reaction to High Renaissance styles like Raphael. Key features included artificiality, twisted figures, and complex compositions that were difficult to interpret. Major mannerist artists included Pontormo, Bronzino, and Parmigianino. Architecture during this period synthesized mannerist and classical elements, as seen in the works of Palladio. The Counter Reformation also influenced art through directives from the Council of Trent.
Baroque painting
Baroque painting is characterized by complicated compositions with different centers of attention, dynamic and complicated lines often using diagonals, and rich colors designed to create dramatic effects. Major Baroque painters include Caravaggio who used strong contrasts of light, Carracci who combined naturalism with idealization, Rubens who achieved balance between realism and idealism, Rembrandt with his mastery of light and shadow, and Velazquez who gave equal importance to subjects from royal portraits to everyday scenes. Rococo painting featured sensual beauty and depictions of high society, with Watteau, Fragonard, and Tiepolo portraying elegant figures in vibrant colors.
Renaissance Art
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art history between 1400-1600 AD. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles with a focus on individualism, linear perspective, and new painting techniques using oil paints. Famous Renaissance artists mentioned include Michelangelo, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, and their influential works in sculpture, painting, and architecture that advanced realism and humanism through their artistic skills and knowledge of anatomy.
Baroque Art
Baroque art developed in the early 17th century in Rome as a reaction to the perceived perfection of Renaissance art. It later spread across Europe, with each country adding its own style. A key characteristic was the use of light and shadow to elicit an emotional response from viewers. Major patrons included wealthy individuals and merchants seeking art for their homes. The movement emphasized dynamism and emotion over rationality. The two main branches were Catholic Baroque in countries like Italy and Flanders, featuring huge religious works, and Protestant Baroque in Holland and England, which focused more on landscapes, still lifes and portraits with little religious content.
Mannerism
Mannerism (from maniera, manner, or style), the artistic style prevailed in Italy from the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s until Baroque style 1590. Early Mannerism (c.1520-35) is known for its "anti-classical" or "anti-Renaissance" style, which later evolved into High Mannerism (c.1535-1580), a more intricate, inward-looking, and academic style intended to cater to more sophisticated patrons. The term used for anti-classical indicates that the naturalism painting style is during the high renaissance departure to an artificial and exaggerated painting style, also known as Mannerism.
Neoclassicism
The document discusses the rise of Neoclassicism during the Enlightenment period. Neoclassicism rejected the ornate styles that came before it in favor of a simpler, more rational style inspired by classical antiquity. Artists like Jacques-Louis David created works depicting stories of virtue from Greek and Roman history that promoted Enlightenment ideals of patriotism and civic duty. While Neoclassicism intended to educate through moral examples, the French Revolution it helped inspire descended into violence and terror rather than the noble republic envisioned in its classical references.
Mannerism & Baroque
The document provides an overview of several major artistic periods and styles between the 16th and 18th centuries in Europe, including Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo. [1] Mannerism emphasized style over substance and featured twisted figures. [2] Baroque art was characterized by bright colors, dramatic emotions, and grand themes as seen in the works of Bernini and Rubens. [3] Rococo emerged in the 18th century as a lighter and more delicate offshoot of Baroque featuring pastoral scenes and pastel colors.
Italian Renaissance Art
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
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This document provides an overview of Baroque and Rococo art between the 17th-18th centuries in Europe. It discusses the political and religious context during this period and profiles many prominent artists including Bernini, Caravaggio, Artemisia Gentileschi, Velazquez, Rembrandt, Vermeer, and others. Their works reflected the dramatic and theatrical qualities of the Baroque style as well as the refined Rococo style that emerged later. Patronage came from the Catholic Church promoting the Counter-Reformation as well as wealthy urban classes and royal courts across Europe.
Art and Culture - Module 11 - Enlightenment
Eleventh and final module for GNED 1201 (Aesthetic Experience and Ideas). This one ever so briefly covers the aesthetics of the Enlightenment. I only had a single lecture available to me so it only really covers the topic in a very cursory way.
This course is a required general education course for all first-year students at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Canada. My version of the course is structured as a kind of Art History and Culture course. Some of the content overlaps with my other Gen Ed course.
Age of Enlightenment Art
University work presentation for Philosophy of Art on paintings of the Age of Enlightenment (Rococo, Neo-Classicism, Britain & America in the Age of Revolution) (Presentation contains mostly pictures.) Group: Andry Tamara, Isabella Rosellini, Meidyna Budiman, Sonia Nina Gondhowahyudi, Tanu Rudyanto.
Ancient Roman Art
The Romans were inspired by Greek art and architecture as they expanded their Republic and later Empire throughout the Mediterranean. They adopted styles like realistic portraiture and propaganda sculptures of emperors to convey imperial ideals. Major construction projects such as the Colosseum and Pantheon combined Greek orders with innovative Roman techniques and featured painted interior decor.
Renaissance Graphic Design
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press around 1450 in Mainz, Germany, which allowed for mass production of text. He developed movable metal type and a technique for casting type in molds. Gutenberg's most famous work was the Gutenberg Bible printed in 1450-1455, considered the first major book printed with movable type. Printing spread rapidly across Europe after Gutenberg and helped usher in major cultural and intellectual developments during the Renaissance. Notable early printers included Anton Koberger, whose Nuremberg Chronicle included over 1800 woodcut illustrations, and Albrecht Dürer, a renowned artist who created influential woodcut designs.
Graphic design and the industrial revolution new
The Industrial Revolution from 1760-1840 in England led to technological advancements that increased productivity and mass production. This made graphic communications more important and accessible. Photography was invented during this time. Advancements in printing presses and typography allowed for faster printing and the mass production of materials like newspapers. Chromolithography was developed in the 1860s, allowing for colorful prints without constraints of traditional printing. Photography also advanced, being used for things like reporting on the American Civil War. Overall, these technological changes transformed graphic design and communications.
International Typographic Style
The International Typographic Style emerged from Switzerland and Germany in the 1950s and was influenced by the Bauhaus. It was characterized by asymmetrical layouts, sans-serif typography, and factual visuals on a grid. This style had a major influence on graphic design and was embraced by designers in Europe and America. It featured in posters, publications, and identity work by designers such as Müller-Brockmann, Hofmann, and Casey through the 1960s and 70s.
Ancient Greek Art
Ancient Greek art focused on humanism, seeking perfection of the body and mind. It greatly influenced Western culture. The Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods are covered. Examples shown include the Kouros and Kore sculptures, works by Polykleitos like the Doryphorus, and the Venus de Milo. Greek pottery styles like black figure and red figure are described. Architecture like the Parthenon and its columns are analyzed using the Golden Ratio. The Parthenon's pediments and metopes are examined.
Lecture 5 Art Deco & advent of Modernism
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6 CT PPT Kitty Maffinda Liu Wong 20 C Fashion Designers 2014
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PrenticeHallTheRomanticAge.ppt
The Romantic Age saw the rise of the Romantic hero - unconventional individuals like Napoleon, Beethoven, and Lord Byron who embodied free-spirited and original qualities. Key values of Romanticism included a belief in man's natural goodness, glorification of the self, and a love of nature. During this era, Napoleon made himself emperor but was eventually defeated, while Beethoven struggled with deafness and helped bridge Classical and Romantic styles of music. Artists like Delacroix were also attracted to the sensuality and freedom associated with the Romantic literary figure of the Byronic hero.
Baroque period ( history & style) duskyrose 29
The Baroque period saw flourishing of the arts like painting, music, architecture and literature between 1600-1750. Gian Lorenzo Bernini transformed an open space near St. Peter's Basilica into an impressive approach to the church using structures like a gilded bronze chair believed to be used by St. Peter. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was a leading painter who used realistic figures and dramatic lighting. The Romantic period emphasized emotion and nature, seen in the works of Theodore Gericault who used social themes and Caspar David Friedrich who showed humanity's insignificance compared to nature.
Romanticism
The document discusses the key characteristics and themes of Romanticism between 1790-1850. Some of the major themes discussed include the rise of the individual and alienation from industrialization, a distrust of reason and embrace of emotion and subjectivity, a glorification of nature, and an interest in the supernatural. The movement saw a revival of past artistic styles like Gothic and embraced dark, dramatic subjects. Major Romantic artists and writers discussed include William Blake, Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, Eugene Delacroix, Lord Byron, and Mary Shelley.
Chapter12romanticism
Romanticism emerged in the late 18th century as a reaction against the ideals of the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. It valued emotion, nature, and the individual. Key figures included the English poets William Wordsworth and Lord Byron, the painters J.M.W. Turner and Caspar David Friedrich who depicted nature romantically, and composers such as Beethoven, Berlioz, and Wagner who incorporated programmatic elements into their music. The movement also saw a rise in nationalism across Europe and expressions of political liberty.
From 16th to 20th century
The document provides an overview of major art movements from the 16th to early 20th century in Europe, including Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. It summarizes some of the key characteristics of each movement and lists influential artists such as Caravaggio, Bernini, Rembrandt, and Manet. Major political and scientific events of each era are also briefly mentioned.
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The document discusses the Enlightenment period and the rise of Neoclassicism in art and architecture between 1700-1780. During this period, there was a greater emphasis on reason and empiricism that questioned established powers like the monarchy and church. Artists like Jacques-Louis David painted in a classical style depicting moral stories from antiquity that represented Enlightenment ideals of liberty and reason. Neoclassical architecture was also simpler and based on Greek and Roman designs. This style was then influential during the American and French Revolutions to depict leaders like George Washington.
Romanticism3a
The document discusses Romanticism in art through several works:
- Piranesi's Prisons #14 depicts haunting, mysterious prison structures and figures.
- Goya's The Third of May 1808 depicts the brutal suppression of Spanish rebels by faceless French soldiers.
- Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People shows Liberty leading a group of revolutionaries over a barricade.
It also briefly mentions Romantic traits like an emphasis on emotion, individualism, and nature; and influence from writers like Rousseau and Goethe. Romanticism rejected order and rationality for imagination and emotion.
ART102Art History IIUnit 5 LectureAge of Enlightenment.docx
ART102
Art History II
Unit 5 Lecture
Age of Enlightenment
1750-1793
Age of Romanticism
1793-1848
David’s painting is the quintessential example of
Neo-Classicism, a style of severe realism, precise
details, and subject matter derived from antiquity.
The subject is based on a story of betrayal, where
three men must fit to the death, and their women
react and mourn. It is a powerful image inspired by
the Revolutionary atmosphere of France.
Age of Enlightenment
1750-1793
The Oath of Horatii
Voltaire
Cupid and Psyche
The Death of Marat
The Death of
General Wolfe
Jaques-Louis David
The Oath of Horatii
Ca. 1783-1784
Oil on canvas
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Age of Romanticism
1793-1848
Voltaire, a NeoClassical writer and philosopher, was
a key element to the shift in power in France during
the French Revolution.
These leaders believed in meritocracy over privilege,
and rule by democracy instead of aristocracy.
Here, Voltaire is portrayed near the end of his life,
wearing a ancient Roman-style toga, symbolizing the
role models of Ancient philosophers like Socrates
and Aristotle.
Jean-Antoine Houdon
Voltaire
Ca. 1781
Terra cotta for marble original
Musee Voltaire, Switzerland
Age of Enlightenment
1750-1793
The Oath of Horatii
Voltaire
Cupid and Psyche
The Death of Marat
The Death of
General Wolfe
Age of Romanticism
1793-1848
In the Neoclassical tradition, Canova creates a
stunning sculpture of Cupid and Psyche in the
ancient Roman tradition. The figures are rendered to
perfection, and the moment depicted is emotional
and powerful.
Antonio Canova
Cupid and Psyche
Ca. 1787-1793
Marble
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Age of Enlightenment
1750-1793
The Oath of Horatii
Voltaire
Cupid and Psyche
The Death of Marat
The Death of
General Wolfe
Age of Romanticism
1793-1848
David returns and becomes a powerful voice for the
Revolution in France. This is an image of a Marat, a
Revolutionist murdered in his bathtub.
He is no longer using ancient Roman references
or styles, but instead leading the way into a new
approach to painting.
This is considered to be one of the first truly
modern paintings, because David is taking the
politics of his day and revealing the horror behind it.
Jacques Louis David
The Death of Marat
Ca. 1793
Oil on canvas
Royal Museums of Fine Arts, Belgium
Age of Enlightenment
1750-1793
The Oath of Horatii
Voltaire
Cupid and Psyche
The Death of Marat
The Death of
General Wolfe
Age of Romanticism
1793-1848
In America, historical paintings were using
contemporary events as their subject. Benjamin
West, an English painter, shows the people wearing
modern clothes instead of ancient costumes, and
the public was initially outraged because they
aren’t wearing Roman costumes. West defined
the contemporary history painting by defying the
Neoclassical tradition.
Benjamin West
The Death of General Wolfe
Ca. 1770
Oil on canvas
National Gallery of Canada, Ottowa
Age ...
Background reading of Romantic age
This presentation is for students of English literature. This presentation contains, History(social, political and economic) and literary features of Romantic age, poets, novelists and prose writers of the age.
20 the romantic age
This document provides an overview of key developments during the Romantic Age. It discusses advances in technology including the development of gas lighting, electricity, steam engines, and refrigeration. It also outlines major social changes such as the spread of the industrial revolution, emergence of new social classes, and proposed solutions to problems faced by the working class like socialism. The document also summarizes major artistic, literary, philosophical, and scientific movements of the period including Romanticism, Idealism, Positivism, Materialism, Evolution, and Marxism. Key figures and their contributions are discussed such as Turner, Delacroix, Goya, and Pugin.
Romanticism Painting
This document provides an overview of Romanticism in painting. It discusses how Romanticism valued depictions of nature as sublime and awe-inspiring. Key characteristics included a focus on individual genius and emotion, as well as opposition to classical norms and industrialization. The document explores works by Romantic painters like Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, Theodore Gericault, and Eugene Delacroix that capture feelings of melancholy, mystery, and the power of nature through their dramatic landscapes and scenes. It also notes Romanticism's influence on later artistic periods and questions whether Romantic ideals still exist today.
Neoclassical, romantic, realism 2013
This document discusses the artistic movements of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Neoclassicism drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art and emphasized rationality and order. Romanticism was an emotional reaction that valued intuition and nature. Realism depicted everyday subjects and social issues in a realistic style. The document provides examples of major artists from each movement like David, Friedrich, and Courbet. It describes how Realism grew out of Romanticism but focused on ordinary people and scenes instead of the idealized.
Romanticism Post
Romanticism emphasized individualism, subjectivity, irrationality, imagination, emotion, and the visionary over order, reason, and classicism. It reacted against enlightenment ideals and valued nature, emotion, genius, and the heroic. Major artists and works mentioned include Fuseli's The Nightmare, Blake's Ancient of Days, Piranesi's Prisons, Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, Goya's The Third of May 1808 and Saturn Devouring His Son, Constable's The Hay Wain, and Friedrich's Abbey in the Oak Forest.
NeoclassicalRomanticismGRADE9.pptx
The document discusses the Neoclassical and Romantic periods in art between the late 18th and 19th centuries. Neoclassicism from 1780-1840 drew inspiration from Ancient Greek and Roman art and emphasized order, reason, and morality. Leading Neoclassical artists included Jacques-Louis David, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, and Antonio Canova. Romanticism from 1800-1810s focused on emotion, imagination, and nature. Major Romantic artists were Eugene Delacroix, Francisco Goya, and Theodore Rousseau known for their landscape paintings. Both periods included sculptures, architecture, and paintings that reflected the ideals of reason during Neoclassicism or passion in Romantic
Romanticism brief
Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that spread across Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It emphasized emotion, imagination, individualism, spontaneity, and a fascination with nature and the past. Romantic artists believed imagination was superior to reason and devoted themselves to depicting feelings and emotions in imaginative forms. Their works, like Caspar David Friedrich's "Wanderer above the Sea of Fog," often featured solitary figures in nightmarish or emotional landscapes. Romantic music also pushed boundaries by including complex melodies and climaxes meant to evoke intense feelings.
Chapter12romanticism
Romanticism was an aesthetic and intellectual movement that emphasized nature, emotion, and individualism. It revolted against order and rationalism and occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Some key figures that heralded Romanticism included Napoleon, William Blake, and Friedrich. Romantic art and literature featured more emotional expressions and themes of nature, the sublime, and the exotic.
Romanticism
An overview of the Romantic period,providing examples of the arts, literature and music that was influenced by the ideology of the time.
Week6 hellenistic_roman_part1
mediterranean, greek, classical, helenistic, sculpture, ancient, egyptian, art, art appreciation, art history
ART HISTORY 132RomanticismRomanticismaim reacti.docx
ART HISTORY 132
Romanticism
Romanticismaim: reaction against established order (“status quo”)government religioncult of the artist:assertion of subjective experience & feelingextreme states of emotionas opposed to form & objectivity of Neo-Classicismcult of nature: sublimewild, ever-changing aspectsexotic & supernatural
Fuselli’s The Nightmare
(1781)
Blake’s Ancient of Days
(c. 1800)
Francisco Goya
(1746-1828)biography:denied entry into Royal Academyjourneyed to Rome (1771)court painter to Charles III (1786)court Painter to Charles IV (1789)serious illness left him deaf (1792-93)
media: oils & graphic arts
political context: social revolutionaryopposed to Charles IV’s corrupt & suppressive reignsympathies w/ failed French Revolution & Enlightenmentopposes FR invasion of SP in 1808 lead to Peninsular War (1808–1814)opposes "Intruder king", Joseph I, brother of Napoleon
Goya
“Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters” date: 1798series: Los Caprichosmedium: etching & aquatintsignificance: pro-Enlightenment vs. cultural superstitionnarrative: secular Temptation of St. Anthonymotifs: beasts of the night (e.g., owls, bats & felines)composition: dynamic diagonalrecalls Caravaggio’s Entombmentlight/shadow: modified tenebrism & chiaroscuro effects
(Left) CARAVAGGIO’s Italian Baroque Entombment (c. 1600)
vs.
(right) GOYA’s “Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters” (c. 1800)
Goya’s The Disasters of War
(c. 1800)
Goya’s Third of May, 1808
(1814)
Goya’s Saturn Devouring One of His Sons
(c. 1819-23)
Théodore Géricault
(1791-1824)training: self-taught @ Louvre (1810-15) copied Titian, Rubens, Velazquezrejected prevailing Neoclassicismaesthetic: Baroque revivalnarrow range (browns, flesh tones)dramatic lighting effectsdynamic compositionsnarrative: immediacy & emotional intensitysubjects: contemporary eventsoutrage at French monarchy’s restorationprocess: uncompromising truthInterviews w/ survivorsreconstruction of events
Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa
(1818-19)
Eugène Delacroix
(1798-1863)
significance: “last of great artists of the Renaissance and first modern” (Baudelaire)biography: bastard son of Talleyrandsubjects: contemporary history exotic foreign cultures reclining nudesancient & medieval literatureaesthetic: Baroque revivalcompositions: dynamiccolor: Venetian influence & Rubensbrushwork: painterly
11.psd
Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People
(1830)
(Left) Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People (1830)
vs.
(right) photograph of barricade at Maidan Square
during Ukrainian Revolution (2014)
(Left) Detail of Liberty from DELACROIX’S Liberty Leading the People (1830 CE)
vs.
(right) Hellenistic Greek Winged Victory of Samothrace (c. 250 BCE)
(Left) Detail from DELACROIX’s Liberty Leading the People (1830)
vs.
(right) detail from CARAVAGGIO’s Entombment (1603)
(Left) Detail from DELACROIX’s Liber.
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18th Century Art
- 1. 18th Century Art The Enlightenment, Neo-Classicism, Romanticism
- 3. A new enlightened way of thinking critically about the world and about humankind, independent of religion, myth, or tradition
- 4. Voltaire (1694 – 1778) One of the most important figures of the Enlightenment. He was a French writer and philosopher critical of the rule of Kings and the selfish privileges of the nobility and the church Voltaire protested for freedom of thought and religion
- 5. Jean-Antoine Houdon Voltaire Seated 1781 Terra Cotta model for marble sculpture
- 6. Seated Portrait Smile of Voltaire shows his satisfaction in his old age that he helped change France with his activism. Voltaire helped pave the way for the French Revolution (1789 – 1799) Voltaire believed “all men are created equal”
- 7. The Enlightenment was grounded in empirical evidence (using reason and needing evidence) Scientific Questioning
- 8. Joseph Wright of Derby, An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, 1768, Oil on Canvas
- 9. Drama of candlelit scene (Inspired by Baroque Style) The wonders of scientific knowledge Need to prove ideas scientifically / evidence Air Pump related to discovery of oxygen / “power of steam” – steam engines used in England for industrial revolution
- 10. Comparison
- 11. Neo-Classicism
- 12. Renewed interest in “Classical” Ancient Greek and Roman art and culture
- 13. Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784, Oil on Canvas
- 14. Inspired by Classic Greek and Roman Art and Art of the Renaissance Oath of the Horatii – Roman History – 3 Horatius brothers and their father swear to “win or die” for Rome (conflict between Rome and Alba, Italy) Statuesque figures Emotional female figures on right
- 15. Comparison
- 16. Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat 1793 Oil on Canvas
- 17. “Neo-classical spareness” – cold, empty space above Inspired by French Revolution Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat (revolutionary radical and friend of David – stabbed to death) Narrative details to tell story – the knife, the wound, the blood, the letter
- 18. Antonio Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808, Marble Sculpture
- 19. Napoleon’s sister as the goddess of beauty (Napoleon Bonaparte – French Emperor) Napoleon commissioned several Neo-classical artworks by Canova Holding a golden apple – symbol of goddess triumph in the Judgment of Paris (story from Greek Mythology – who’s the most beautiful goddess) Pose and drapery recall Greek sculpture
- 20. Comparison
- 21. Antonio Canova Cupid and Psyche 1787 Marble Sculpture
- 22. Illustrates story from Greek Mythology (Love story between a human and a God involving jealousy) Psyche – beautiful human daughter of King and Queen Cupid – god – son of Venus – Venus jealous of Psyche’s beauty
- 23. Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun Self-Portrait with her Daughter, Julie 1789 Oil on Canvas
- 24. Artist was one of a very few women admitted to the art academy After the French Revolution, they took back her degree because women were no longer accepted to the art academy Neo-Classical clothing Closeness between a mother and child (reference to Renaissance Art - Virgin Mary / triangle composition)
- 25. Romanticism
- 26. Interest in Personal Freedoms (freedom of thought, freedom of feeling, freedom of action, freedom of speech, etc.) “Feeling is all” - Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749 – 1832)
- 27. William Blake The Ancient of Days 1794 Illustration (Hand-colored etching)
- 28. Blake was a visionary poet, painter and engraver Blake visited by “spirits” in his dreams Classical references (ideal, classical anatomy of figure) – Blake admired ancient Greek art Energy and Movement – Ancient of Days leans forward unleashing power into rays of light - wind through his hair and beard
- 29. Henri Fuseli The Nightmare 1781 Oil on Canvas
- 30. Fantasies of artist’s imagination (Human subconscious – dreams) Incubus – mythological creature that preys on women at night Title is a play on words – “nightmare” – mara is a ghost horse who torments and suffocates sleepers Composition related to Baroque art - Dynamism Neo-Classical details – woman lying on bed with draped cloth
- 31. Francisco Goya The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters 1798 Graphic Arts (Etching and Aquatint)
- 32. If you forget reason, “monsters will appear” (connection to Enlightenment) Goya, himself, asleep Attacked by owls and bats (Fear) The unleashing of imagination, emotion, and nightmares
- 33. Francisco Goya, The 3rd of May 1808, 1814, Oil on Canvas
- 34. French soldiers killing Spanish people Violent scene – blood / dead Spanish people Resistance and Patriotism of Spanish Emotional / Dramatic – use of strong light and dark