The document summarizes key events in Europe between the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815 and the Revolutions of 1848. It describes Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815 and the goals of the Congress of Vienna in re-establishing a balance of power in Europe and restoring monarchies. It also discusses the rise of liberalism and nationalism in the 1800s and how they contributed to the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 that briefly overthrew some conservative governments across Europe.

1. Congress of
Vienna and
Revolutions of
1848
POLITICAL CHANGES OF
THE 1800’S

2. LIST 5 COUNTRIES IN NAPOLEON’S
EMPIRE

3. How much
territory is
under
Napoleon?
How do you
predict that the
map will
change after
the Congress of
Vienna?

4. WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?

5. Began with his invasion of Russia
Army of 600,000—only 40,000 returned
Other nations attack his crippled army—and he
was exiled to Elba.
Made a triumph return, but was defeated by
the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of
Waterloo.
At Waterloo—Napoleon was defeated by a
combined British and Prussian army and was
once again exiled until his death.
NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL

7. DUKE OF WELLINGTON AND THE BATTLE
OF WATERLOO
France and England are mortal Enemies!

8. What caused the Congress of
Vienna?
Colonies- territories
taken over and ruled
by another country
Reparations- money
That a country owns
In order to pay war
debts
Return of Plundered
Art
British used naval power to
occupy several French colonies.
Now they have colonies elsewhere
Napoleonic wars cost money, lives,
and destruction of cities, towns, and
Farmland. French owe!
Napoleon’s armies stole art from
Conquered countries and put them in
Louvre. Countries want them back.

9. The peace conference between the
countries of Europe
GOALS:
1. Prevent French retaliation
2. Restore a balance of power so that no
country would be a threat to others
3. Restore legitimate royal families to
their thrones
CONGRESS OF VIENNA

10. WHAT SOCIAL CLASSES ARE THE PEOPLE AT THE
CONGRESS OF VIENNA FROM? HOW CAN YOU TELL?

11. THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
SEPTEMBER 1814
Russia
Prussia
Austria
Great Britain
and
France
The congress met to reconstruct the map of Europe
and develop a balance of power that would prevent
another massive take-over by one country.

12. THE VICTORS
(GREAT POWERS)
Country Leader
1. Russia Czar Alexander I
2. Prussia King Frederick
William III
3. Austria Metternich
4. Great Britain Castlereagh

13. Foreign Minister of Austria
Most influential man at the
Congress of Vienna
Divide Europe “equally”
Gold vs. Raw Materials
THE CONSERVATIVE AGE OF METTERNICH

14. How is this map different from the map of 1812?

15. 6 STATES RETURNED TO POWER AFTER
THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
PRUSSIA
AUSTRIA
FRANCE
RUSSIA
GERMAN
ITALY

16. Kings and Princes restored to power
A series of alliances called the Concert
of Europe. They would meet to help one
another if any revolutions broke out.
Concert of Europe’s modern equivalent is
the United Nations. Both have the
purpose of promoting peace.
WHAT DID THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
ACCOMPLISH?

18. BALANCE OF POWER: ADD TO YOUR
WORKSHEET
• Keep peace and stability
•No one country is too powerful
•It is all in the countries best interest
Sardinia
Netherlands
German Confederacy
Switzerland
Great Britain
Prussia
Russia
France

19. Conservatism
 Kings and Queens should rule
 Keep “things” the same
 Suppress the ideals of the French Rev
Liberalism
 Change the current system
 The Enlightenment
 Power in the hands of the people, not Kings
 Natural Rights!
CONSERVATISM VS. LIBERALISM
Natural Rights

20. In what ways would you describe yourself
as conservative? In other words, what
traditions would you want to protect?
 In what ways would you describe
yourself as liberal? In other words,
where do you wish you had more
freedom?
REFLECTION:

21. Nationalism = people belong to a certain
community with common institutions,
traditions, languages, and customs
Citizens owed their loyalty to the nations,
not a king
Liberalism a strong ally of nationalism
NATIONALISM

22. REVOLUTIONS OF 1830
Liberalism + Nationalism =
Revolution
French Liberals overthrew the
monarchy and instituted a
constitutional monarchy
Inspired revolutions in Poland, Italy,
and Belgium

23. 2nd French Revolution leads to universal male
suffrage
French inspired revolts in Germany (Prussia),
Austria, and Italy
Concert of Europe was able to restore old
order
Revolts led to temporary Constitutional
Governments. Revolutionaries could not stay
together and conservative rule was
reestablished.
REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

24. THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
When people have economic power,
they want political power.
IR provided jobs, money, and
opportunity that did not come from
being born into a particular family