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Ww1 battle notes
- 1. The Who, What & Why of WWI MANIA
- 2. THE ALLIED POWERS (Triple Entente) • Great Britain • France • Russia
- 3. Additions to the Allied Powers • Japan joined within weeks • Italy joined 9 months later • U.S. in 1917
- 4. THE CENTRAL POWERS • Germany • Austria- Hungary
- 5. Additions to the Central Powers • Later Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
- 6. Causes of World War I: MANIA • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination
- 7. Militarism The aggressive preparation for war. • European counties were building up their military forces in a bid to outdo each other. • Conscription = Russia 1.3 million, French and German = 900k, British, Italian, Austro-Hungarian 250 to 500k. • Generals planned how TO FIGHT not how to AVOID a war.
- 8. Nationalism • Feeling of devotion to your country • People under the control of an empire wanted to rule themselves.
- 9. Imperialism • One country dominates another • The CENTRAL and ALLIED powers fought over land and who would control the land
- 10. System of Alliances Countries that: oShare ideals oTrade
- 11. Assassination • The murder of a political figure • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated • This sealed Austria’s alliance with Germany
- 12. Recruitment
- 13. Schlieffen (SHLEE*fuhn) Plan 2 front war with France and Russia Fast invasion into France by going through Belgium Plan was to sweep around Paris and surround most of the French army After Paris captured, German army go east against 6 million Russian troops
- 15. Germany Advances • Q: Look at the physical map of Europe. Explain why the passage though Belgium was the best route for the Germans. A: It was not as heavily defended as the border by Luxembourg • Q: Explain how the delay in marching through Belgium helped France survive. A: It allowed the French time to move troops closer to Paris and the Marne River
- 16. • Q: Situated between France and Germany, Belgium chose a position of neutrality. Do you think they should have chose sides? Was Belgium in a sense choosing sides when she refused passage to the German army? A: Yes or No. You tell me • Q: Why was the world outraged when Germany marched into Belgium? A: Belgium was a neutral country
- 17. • Q: Explore how a hasty attack by the Russians at Stalluponen, Gumbinnen, and Tannenberg helped to save Paris. A: It caught the Germans by surprise and they had to divert many troops to the east • Q: Explain the impact the taxicab drivers of Paris had on the Battle of the Marne. A: They were able to play an important role in defending Paris and thus the French people rallied behind the war cause
- 18. Parisian taxicabs French military leaders loaded over 2,000 taxis and sent troops to the front line at the Marne
- 19. • What creates animosity between people? • Is it human nature to be violent? And is war really a choice? • What is the difference between killing in war and murder? • Who are the enemies of the U.S. today? Would you fight against them if the president asked you to? • Is there a difference if a man, woman or child is killed? • Should there be rules to war? • Is it o.k. to kill using drones or should soldiers be forced to kill face to face?
- 20. Alsace and Lorraine • Franco-Prussian War of 1870 • 1871 France surrenders • France burning for Revenge!
- 21. WW1 Battles The Western Front
- 22. Trench Warfare Western Front: From English Channel to Switzerland
- 24. Battle of Marne Attrition = the enemy must be worn down to the point of collapse by continuous losses Stalemate = a point where neither side can achieve victory
- 26. First Battle at Ypres, Flanders, Belgium 1914 The most damaged area in all of Europe Great Britain lost 86,000 men
- 27. Fields of Flanders became infamous for loss of life Fields of Poppies
- 30. Battle of Somme
- 31. Great Britain launches attack on German troops, July 1, 1916
- 32. Soldiers Prepare 70 pounds of gear • Rifle • Ammunition • Grenades • Shovel • Mess kit • Water bottle
- 33. Great Britain Plan 15 miles of troops Launch shells into German trenches Germany fortified • 3 rows of trenches • barbed wire German guns fell silent GB attacked across No Man’s Land
- 34. Battle of Verdun (France) 1916 Symbolic of the “new kind of war”
- 35. French troops supplied by one truck every 14 seconds Day and Night!
- 36. War of Attrition 10 months of fighting A few miles of land Futile loss of life Thousands of wounded soldiers left to die because not enough medical care French and German 700,000 deaths 460,000 were French
- 37. Totals • Marne = 1,525,000 DEAD • Ypres = 21,000 GB DEAD First Day Alone • Somme = 1,100,000 DEAD • Verdun = 760,000 DEAD
- 39. Eastern Front Tannenberg (August 1915) Gallipoli (April 1915) • Russians invaded Eastern Germany • Russians defeated • No longer threat to Germans • Poorly planned battle by British and Austrialian troops • Dardanelles, near Turkey • Unsuccessful • Central Powers victory
- 40. “Gallipoli” • Archy is a sprinter who just won a big race, and grew up on a ranch riding horses. He is eager to join the “Light Horse”- and Australian regiment- and fight in the war. He is too young to join up. And is going to Perth to try to sign up. • His coach used to have him repeat “What are your legs- steel springs, How fast will you run?- as fast as a leopard-then let’s see you do it.”
- 41. • Frank Dunne (Mel Gibson) is also a sprinter and just lost a race and $ in the race Archy won. • He is traveling w/ Archy, but does NOT support Australia's participation in Britain's war. • He left a job he had w/ 3 friends, Barney, Snow,Bill