A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer in Mushroom Technology Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

2. By
Allah Dad Khan
What are mushrooms, edible and non-
edible mushrooms.

4. What are mushrooms?
 Mushrooms are unique. They
are neither animal or plant.
 Some people consider them
plants for various reasons, but
they differ from plants in that
they lack the green chlorophyll
that plants use to manufacture
their own food and energy. For
this reason they are placed in a
Kingdom of their own," The
Kingdom of Fungi".

6. What are mushrooms?
 A mushroom (or toadstool) is
the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting
body of a fungus, typically
produced above ground on soil
or on its food source.

8. Classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Hymenomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Tricholomataceae
Genus: Pleurotus
Species: Pleurotus ostreatus

9. Classification
 Kingdom: Fungi
 Phylum: Basidiomycota
 Class: Agaricomycetes
 Order: Agaricales
 Family: Agaricaceae
 Genus: Agaricus
 Species: Agaricus bisporus

10. Classification
 Kingdom: Fungi
 Phylum: Basidiomycota
 Class: Agaricomycetes
 Order: Agaricales
 Family: Agaricaceae
 Genus: Agaricus
 Species: Agaricus campestris

13. Species of Mushrooms
 There are about 10,000 different species of which at
least 1,290 are reported to the edible. Mushrooms are
used as food as well as medicine.

15. Natural Growth

16. Edible mushrooms
 Edible mushrooms occupy a pivotal
position among the lower organisms.
 In the developed countries, mushrooms
have become one of the most important
of all the horticultural crops.

17. Edible mushrooms
 The production of mushrooms is increasing everywhere in the
world, and nowadays these are available all the year round and are
used in enormous quantities to serve with all kinds of table dishes.
 Mushrooms are used extensively in cooking, in
many cuisines (notably Chinese, Korean, European,
and Japanese). Though neither meat nor vegetable, mushrooms are
known as the "meat" of the vegetable world.

18. Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 94 kJ (22 kcal)
Carbohydrates 4.3 g
Fat 0.1 g
Protein 2.5 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1) (9%) 0.1 mg
Riboflavin (B2) (42%) 0.5 mg
Niacin (B3) (25%) 3.8 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5) (30%) 1.5 mg
Vitamin C (0%) 0 mg
Trace minerals
Calcium (2%) 18 mg
Phosphorus (17%) 120 mg
Potassium (10%) 448 mg
Sodium (0%) 6 mg
Zinc (12%) 1.1 mg

19. Edible mushrooms
Oyster Fungus
Pleurotus ostreatus
Golden oyster, Pleurotus cornucopiae

20. Edible mushrooms
Button fungi (Agaricus bisporus)
Agaricus campestris

21. Edible mushrooms
The Horse Mushroom, Agaricus arvensis

22. Edible mushrooms
Morels, Morchella spp.
Shiitake Mushrooms
Lentinula edodes

23. Edible mushrooms
Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) Chinese mushroom

24. Edible mushrooms
Jews ear (Auricularia auricula-judae)

25. Edible mushrooms
Lycoperdon perlatum (common puffball)

26. Edible mushrooms
Maitake mushrooms

27. Edible mushrooms
Lion’s mane mushrooms

28. Non-edible toxic (poisonous)
mushrooms
 Many mushroom species produce secondary
metabolites that can be toxic, mind-altering, antibiotic,
antiviral, or bioluminescent.
 Although there are only a small number of deadly species,
several others can cause particularly severe and unpleasant
symptoms.

29. Mushroom and Toxins
 Cellular toxins
 Extremely serious. Species include Destroying Angel, Death
Cap, poisonous Cortinarius species (Webcaps), Deadly
Skullcap. Among other things, the liver and kidneys are
affected.
 Neurotoxins: Serious. Species include Fly Agaric and
Inocybe species (Fiber Caps). Nerve system affected.
 Gastro-intestinal toxins: Unpleasant, sometimes serious.
Many different mushrooms. Digestive tract affected. Those
poisonous with alcohol.

30. Medicinal value
 Anti-tumor (tumor reduction and control)
 Immune response (boost bodies ability to fight disease)
 Anti-inflammatory (relief tension due to muscle
inflammation)
 Antiviral (as an immune response)
 Antibiotics (as an immune response)
 Lower cholestrol and triglycerol levels as well as very low-
density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood plasma

31. Medicinal value
 Chemotherapy for cancer (e.g maitake).
 It is also used for HIV/AIDS, chronic fatigue syndrome
(CFS), hepatitis, hay fever, diabetes, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, weight loss or control,
and infertility due to a condition called polycystic
ovary syndrome (e.g. maitake).

32. Lingzhi/Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma
lucidum)
1. Boosting immune system
2. Effective in viral infection
(influenza, swine flu and avian flu).
3. Effective against lungs allergies,
asthma, bronchitis, heart diseases,
4. Improve liver functions and cure
hepatitis, HIV/AIDS
5. Effective in anxiety treatment, high
blood pressure and high cholesterol
6. Insomnia
7. Stomach ulcers and chronic fatigue
syndrome and cancer therapy.

33. Poisonous Mushrooms
Death caps: (Amanita phalloides)

34. Poisonous Mushrooms
Destroying angels (Amanita virosa)

35. Poisonous Mushrooms
Cortinarius rubellus and C. orellanus (deadly webcap/fool's
webcap

36. Poisonous Mushrooms
Amanita pantherina (panther cap)

37. Poisonous Mushrooms
Amanita muscaria (fly agaric)

38. Poisonous Mushrooms
Gyromitra esculenta (false morel)

39. Clitocybe rivulosa (fool's funnel)
Poisonous Mushrooms

40. Poisonous Mushrooms
Boletus satanas (devil’s bolete)

41. Poisonous Mushrooms
Agaricus xanthodermus (yellow-stainer)

42. Poisonous Mushrooms
Omphalotus olearius (jack o' lantern

43. Deadly Galerina: Galerina marginata (G. autumnalis)
Poisonous Mushrooms

44. Poisonous Mushrooms
Emetic Russula, Russula emetica

45. Poisonous Mushrooms
Gabled False Morel, Gyromitra brunnea

46. COMMON
TYPES OF
MUSHROOMS

47. White mushrooms

48. Cantharellus cibarius

49. Jack-O-Lantern (Omphalotus illudens/olearius)

50. The Scaly Vase Chanterelle
(Gomphus floccosus)

51. Brown Roll rim (Pluggsopp)

52. Penny Bun Bolete or Cep (Steinsopp)

53. Hydnum / Hedgehog species (Lyse
piggsopper)

54. Sheep polypore (Fåresopp)

55. Shaggy Ink caps (Matblekksopp)

56. Edible Milk caps (Matriske)

57. Leccinum species (Skrubber)

58. Honey Fungus (probably Armillaria mellea)

59. Northern Tooth (Climacodon septentrionale)

60. Old Man of the Woods (Strobilomyces floccopus)

61. COLOURED
MUSHROOMS

73. Thanks