Manufacturing of Phenol Barbital
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Manufacturing . There are two main way to Manufacturing of Phenobarbital. It is prepared from benyl cyanide. Barbiturate drugs are obtained via condensation reactions between a derivative of diethyl malonate and urea in the presence of a strong base. Here we Phenobarbital prepared from benyl cyanide.
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Hello everyone, we the students of Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Nagpur have created a presentation of subject pharmaceutical organic chemistry -2 of third semester, Unit 4 : polynuclear hydrocarbons . This presentation was made for the purpose of better understanding of the topic structure and medicinal uses of naphthelene , anthracene, diphenylmethane , triphenylmethane , phenanthrene and their derivatives . This portion covers topics like structure, properties , and medicinal uses of polynuclear hydrocarbons such as naphthelene , anthracene , di-phenylmethane, tri-phenylmethane , phenanthrene and their respective derivatives.
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1. Fractional Distillation:
• This usually takes place under vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert gas,?? as many hydrocarbons are sensitive to heat in atmospheric oxygen (product name? ? ?).
• This can carried out by gradual increase of the distillation temperature by (1-5oC) or (5-10 oC) according to the boiling point of components.
2. Preparation of the Corresponding Crystalline Additive Products “Adducts”:
Characteristic addition products are formed by N2O3 (Dinitrogen trioxide), N2O4, NOCl (Nitrosyl chloride) and NOBr to yield nitrosites, nitrosates, nitrosochlorides, and nitrosobromides, respectively.
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This document describes the extraction of eugenol from clove oil and caffeine from tea through steam distillation and liquid-liquid extraction. Whole cloves are steam distilled with water to isolate clove oil, which is then extracted with dichloromethane and aqueous potassium hydroxide to isolate eugenol. Tea leaves are brewed and extracted with dichloromethane through liquid-liquid extraction to isolate caffeine, which is then recrystallized from ethanol and collected. Key steps involve steam distillation, liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents and aqueous bases, drying, filtration and crystallization to obtain pure compounds.
Non aq titrations unit 2
Non-aqueous titration has several advantages over aqueous titration:
1. Organic acids and bases insoluble in water can be soluble in non-aqueous solvents allowing them to be titrated.
2. A non-aqueous solvent may help separate two or more acids in a mixture so they can be titrated individually.
3. More substances can be titrated as the solubility and application ranges are enlarged for weak acids/bases that cannot be titrated in water.
Some common non-aqueous solvents used include acetic acid, acetonitrile, alcohols, DMF. Indicators suitable for specific titrations must be selected to indicate the endpoint
Acetone
Acetone is the simplest ketone with formula (CH3)2CO and IUPAC name Propan-2-one. It is an important solvent used in laboratories and industry that is miscible with water and can dissolve many compounds, serving as a cleaning agent. There are five main methods to produce acetone: the cumene process, from alkane nitriles, hydrolysis of gem-dihalides, oxidation of isopropyl alcohol, and fermentation. The fermentation process uses strict anaerobic organisms like Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium saccharoacetobutylicum to convert substrates like molasses into acetone, butanol and ethanol through
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Manufacturing of Phenol Barbital
- 1. Chemical Process Industries - 2 (2140506) TOPIC Manufacturing of Phenol Barbital Presented by Rana Pranav (160170105046) Rathava Atul (160170105047) Savukiya Ankit (160170105048) Shah Subham (160170105049)
- 2. INTRODUCTION PROPERTIES PARTICULAR Chemical Name Phenobarbital , phenobarbitone , luminal , 5-Ethyl-5-pheny1-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione Structure Molecular Formula C12H12N2O3 Molecular Weight 232.2 gm/mole Appearance Crystalline powder or colorless crystal Odor Odorless Solubility Insoluble in water and benzene; soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in dimethtyl sulfoxide Melting point 174 ⁰C
- 3. Manufacturing There are two main way to Manufacturing of Phenobarbital. 1. It is prepared from benyl cyanide. 2. Barbiturate drugs are obtained via condensation reactions between a derivative of diethyl malonate and urea in the presence of a strong base. • Here we Phenobarbital prepared from benyl cyanide.
- 4. Raw Materials: Benyl Cyanide , Ethanol , Diethyl carbonate , Sulfuric acid, Ethyl bromide, Urea Chemical reaction:- It is Prepared from benyl cyanide by following steps:
- 5. Flowchart for phenol barbital production
- 6. Process Description Preparation of Diethyl phenyl ethyl malonate : in reflux kettle with jacket and agitator, clean sodium metal is taken and dissolved it in absolute ethanol to prepare sodium ethylate solution. Diethyl carbonate is charged with stirring and dissolve it in sodium ethylate solution. Benzyl cyanide is added drop wise to a solution and reflux the reaction mixture for 5 hours. It is them cooled, collected from bottom of kettle and charged into another jacketed reflux kettle. Cooled mixture of sulfuric acid in anhydrous ethanol is added. This alcoholic mixture is refluxed for 5 hrs and cooled.
- 7. The reaction mass is collected from bottom and transferred into neutralization chamber. Sodium ethylate is charged with stirring to precipitate sodium sulphate. The mass undergo filtration to remove sodium sulphate. The filtration is added into jacketed reflux kettle containing sodium metal. Reflux while adding ethyl bromide drop wise. Heat for another 2 hrs after the addition is completed . Remove the alcohol by distillation and dissolve the remaining residue in water. Extract the substance from the water with benzene and vacuum distillation to get pure diethyl phenyl malonate and benzenes is recycled.
- 8. Preparation Of Phenobarbitone : Pure diethyl phenyl ethyl malonate and dry urea are stirred together in a vessel equipped with an efficient stirring device. To the above mixture add a solution of clean metallic sodium in dry ethanol. Heat to boiling and distill the ethanol off slowly, over six hrs with stirring. When the alcohol is completely distilled out of the mixture, the remaining white powder is added to hydrolysis chamber. Coned hydrochloric acid in water and finely crushed ice is added in chamber. The mixture is kept at 0 ⁰C until the acid has crystallized, then it is centrifuged and give charcoal treatment to get pure phenobarbitone.
- 9. Application Treatment of Sleeplessnee The Relief of anxiety , tension And Fear Treatment of certain types of seizures, especially in emergency situation.