The document discusses vernacular architecture and its importance for climate-responsive design. It explores examples of vernacular architecture from regions of India like Kerala and Kutch. Key determinants of vernacular design identified are climate, locally available materials, construction techniques, and socio-cultural influences. Lessons from traditional structures like use of thermal mass, ventilation, shading and passive cooling principles need to be understood and incorporated in modern construction to fight climate change.
The Bidani House project demonstrates how to design a climate-responsive building on a constrained urban site. Located in Faridabad's composite climate zone, the house has large temperature swings throughout the year. Key sustainable features include developing the house form around a central courtyard to act as a heat sink, using buffer spaces on the overheated southwestern exposure, allowing solar penetration according to seasonal changes through the building form, and using local stone for thermal mass to moderate temperature swings. The project shows how responsive design is possible even on a fixed small urban site.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
Need of climate responsive measures for buildingsSukhneet Kaur
This document discusses the need for climate responsive design in buildings. It defines climate responsive design as designing buildings to harmonize with the local climate and site conditions to reduce ecological impacts and increase energy efficiency. It discusses how vernacular designs evolved to be climate sensitive and provides examples of climate responsive design features like sun shading, natural ventilation. The document emphasizes that climate responsive design benefits both the environment and occupants by increasing comfort while reducing energy costs and emissions. It outlines factors to consider in climate sensitive design like orientation, glazing selection, natural ventilation.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
The document describes the Tara Housing Group project in New Delhi, India. It was designed to provide affordable housing for middle-class families in a suburb of New Delhi. The design arranged single-family flats into united blocks around a central garden. This preserved privacy while providing access to shared open space. Each unit had an open terrace and maximized natural light and ventilation. While successful for its time, the design faces challenges today in accommodating increased living standards and development regulations around services, density, parking, and unit sizes. However, the social aspects of community space, interaction, and comfort remain relevant lessons for contemporary housing.
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
The Bidani House project demonstrates how to design a climate-responsive building on a constrained urban site. Located in Faridabad's composite climate zone, the house has large temperature swings throughout the year. Key sustainable features include developing the house form around a central courtyard to act as a heat sink, using buffer spaces on the overheated southwestern exposure, allowing solar penetration according to seasonal changes through the building form, and using local stone for thermal mass to moderate temperature swings. The project shows how responsive design is possible even on a fixed small urban site.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
Need of climate responsive measures for buildingsSukhneet Kaur
This document discusses the need for climate responsive design in buildings. It defines climate responsive design as designing buildings to harmonize with the local climate and site conditions to reduce ecological impacts and increase energy efficiency. It discusses how vernacular designs evolved to be climate sensitive and provides examples of climate responsive design features like sun shading, natural ventilation. The document emphasizes that climate responsive design benefits both the environment and occupants by increasing comfort while reducing energy costs and emissions. It outlines factors to consider in climate sensitive design like orientation, glazing selection, natural ventilation.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
The idea of Energy Efficient design is
to modulate the conditions such that they
are always within or as close as possible to
comfort zone.Modulations introduced by the
landscape,built form,envelope,materials and
other control measures bring the conditions
within the range throughout twenty four hours
cycle.
This is goal of Energy Efficient Architecture
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental and economical problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and environmental damage arises because energy-intensive and monetarily expensive solutions sought to construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources
Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an
Integrated Approach To Building Design.
The document describes the Tara Housing Group project in New Delhi, India. It was designed to provide affordable housing for middle-class families in a suburb of New Delhi. The design arranged single-family flats into united blocks around a central garden. This preserved privacy while providing access to shared open space. Each unit had an open terrace and maximized natural light and ventilation. While successful for its time, the design faces challenges today in accommodating increased living standards and development regulations around services, density, parking, and unit sizes. However, the social aspects of community space, interaction, and comfort remain relevant lessons for contemporary housing.
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
buildings rated by GRIHA and LEED, sustainable buildings around the wold, gre...DhvaniR2
nearly 10 building of India which are rated for green buildings in India by GRIHA and LEED India,
there is 10-10 buildings which are rated by GRIHA and LEED
there is detailed information of each buildings
inforamtion are in form of:
location,
master plans,
sustainavle factors,
unit plans, sections
construction diagrams
sustainable and green factors diagram which effect the building as a elements
Center of environmental science & engineering building IIT, Kanpur
Indian institute of management, Kozhikode
VVIP Circuit house, Pune
IIT, Kanpur
Titan new corporation building, Bangalore
Indira paryavaran bhavan
Teri building, Bangalore
this all are griha rated buildings
Infinity benchmark, Kolkata
CII, Hyderabad
DPR construction phoenix regional office, Arizona
Infosys limited, Mysore
this are the buildings of leed
Designing for different climatic zones in IndiaGwahyulo Semy
This document summarizes the climate of New Delhi, India, which has a composite climate with three distinct seasons. The hot, dry season lasts for around 2/3 of the year with daytime highs of 32-43°C. The warm, humid season lasts around 1/3 of the year with temperatures of 27-32°C. In the northern and southern parts, there is also a brief cold, dry season with temperatures below 27°C. New Delhi receives around 790mm of annual rainfall mostly during the July-September monsoon. Courtyard buildings with large overhangs and verandahs are well-suited to provide shade from sun and rain across the different seasons.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
The document provides details on the site location, physical features, site plan, zoning, and climate responsive design of an institutional housing project located on a sloping site in Pune. Key aspects include a compact planned layout with residential areas oriented north-south, interconnected open courtyards, extensive use of local and sustainable materials, rainwater harvesting, and solar energy systems.
Building material for different climate activityAmrata Yadav
This document discusses building materials suitable for different climate zones. It describes the general characteristics of hot and dry, humid, and cold climates. For hot and dry climates, it recommends white or green roofs, thick stone walls, and tile flooring. For humid climates, it suggests concrete roofs, sloped roofs, and bamboo flooring. For cold climates, it proposes metal or cement tile roofs, multi-pane windows, solid wood flooring, and carpeting. The document emphasizes choosing durable, insulating materials that regulate indoor temperatures and withstand extreme weather conditions for each climate type.
This document summarizes the sustainable features of the Infinity Benchmark building in Kolkata. It has high insulation in its external walls and roof to reduce energy usage. It uses double glazed windows, efficient HVAC and lighting systems, a building management system, and water efficient fixtures. Sustainable materials are also used, including those with recycled content. Waste is segregated and stormwater is reused. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort are prioritized.
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKSSipAn Hayran
The document discusses different types of residential housing including detached homes, semi-detached homes, terraced homes, and apartments. It provides details on two housing projects - Roj City which consists of 25 apartment blocks arranged in a point and corridor layout, and Megapolis which includes 73 apartment blocks organized into four different zoning types varying from towers to linear blocks. Overall the document covers general residential typologies and specific case studies of multi-family housing developments.
The document provides biographical information about British architect Laurie Baker (1917-2007). It discusses that he went to India in 1945 and lived/worked there for over 50 years, obtaining Indian citizenship in 1989. Some of his accomplishments include designing low-cost housing and medical facilities that incorporated local materials and techniques. He is renowned for promoting simplicity and cost-conscious construction. The document outlines several of Baker's architectural principles and design features, and provides examples of his works including homes, a computer center, and housing for tribal communities.
The document discusses different climate types and their key characteristics:
- Climate Hot and Humid located between 15°N-S with day temperatures 27-32°C, high humidity, and annual rainfall of 2000-5000mm.
- Hot and Dry located 15-30°N/S with day temperatures 43-49°C, low humidity, and low annual rainfall of 50mm.
- Composite climate near tropics with temperatures and rainfall varying between dry and wet seasons.
The term “Vernacular architecture” in general refers to the informal building of structures through traditional building methods without using the services of a professional architect. It is the most widespread form of building .
Vernacular architecture has been growing over time with continuities changes, transformations and adaptations to the different social and economic conditions of each period.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect known for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor. He developed master plans for cities like Navi Mumbai that focused on decentralization into self-sufficient townships with residential neighborhoods organized by income level. At the micro level, his designs for low-income housing emphasized open-to-sky spaces, courtyards, and terraces to accommodate community needs within a limited footprint. His works show an adaptation of modernism to local culture through vernacular influences like tiled roofs, brick walls, and operable wooden louvers.
Raj Rewal designed the Sheikh Sarai housing complex in New Delhi in 1970 as his first large-scale social housing project. The 550-unit complex was structured according to regulations to provide affordable self-housing and technical standards. Rewal drew inspiration from the dense, interconnected urban fabrics and narrow shaded streets of historical cities in Rajasthan like Jaisalmer and Udaipur. The complex features clusters of buildings organized around intimate courtyards and roof terraces, with segregated pedestrian and vehicular access. Materials and construction methods were chosen to be locally sourced and affordable.
Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi is an Indian architect born in 1927 in Pune. He studied at J.J. School of Art in Bombay and worked with Le Corbusier in Paris from 1951-1954. In 1956, he established his own practice, Vastu-Shilpa, in Ahmedabad. Some of his notable works include the Aranya Low Cost Housing in Indore, the National Institute of Fashion Technology in New Delhi, and the Husain-Doshi Gufa art gallery in Ahmedabad. Doshi's works focus on climatic response, use of local materials, flexibility of space, and drawing from traditional Indian architectural principles.
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.Janmejoy Gupta
The document discusses passive solar design considerations for mud huts in Jharkhand, India. It examines how climate impacts rural building design with a focus on the composite climate of the region. Key factors discussed include site selection, orientation, shading calculations, housing forms, window size and placement, indoor temperature balance, and settlement patterns. Climate data from Ranchi and Jamshedpur districts is analyzed to determine optimal design strategies like orientation and shading devices that minimize heat gain in summer and maximize it in winter for thermal comfort.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
Vernacular architecture case study with examplesVISHAKA BOTHRA
case study on vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture, literature case study of vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture of India, Maharashtra, Nanded, Aurangabad, complete case study on vernacular architecture
Padma Shri Achyut Kanvinde was an influential Indian architect known for pioneering modern architecture in India. He studied at Sir JJ School of Arts in Mumbai and Harvard University under Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius, which greatly influenced his style. Some of Kanvinde's most notable works include the IIT Kanpur campus, which he designed in the 1960s. The campus features a central academic complex surrounded by residential buildings, with an emphasis on functionality, open spaces, and connecting walkways influenced by the Bauhaus style.
Sheikh Sarai Housing Complex in New Delhi, designed by architect Raj Rewal in 1982, consists of 550 housing units arranged around shared courtyards in clusters. The complex draws inspiration from traditional Indian cities through its dense urban fabric organized around narrow, shaded streets and pedestrian pathways. Housing units are grouped around intimate courtyards and connected by a central spine, providing cross ventilation while maintaining privacy through perforated walls. The complex fosters community through its structured arrangement of shared outdoor spaces at various scales.
Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMansi Shah
This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
This document provides an introduction to vernacular architecture, including its definition and key characteristics. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on the local environmental, cultural, and historical context. It utilizes indigenous building materials and methods. The document discusses the origins and various approaches to studying vernacular architecture, including aesthetic, anthropological, and architectural approaches. Climate, culture, materials, and construction techniques are some of the main influences on vernacular building forms. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for insights into sustainable design principles is also highlighted.
Designing for different climatic zones in IndiaGwahyulo Semy
This document summarizes the climate of New Delhi, India, which has a composite climate with three distinct seasons. The hot, dry season lasts for around 2/3 of the year with daytime highs of 32-43°C. The warm, humid season lasts around 1/3 of the year with temperatures of 27-32°C. In the northern and southern parts, there is also a brief cold, dry season with temperatures below 27°C. New Delhi receives around 790mm of annual rainfall mostly during the July-September monsoon. Courtyard buildings with large overhangs and verandahs are well-suited to provide shade from sun and rain across the different seasons.
"warm and humid" climate and their designsAnubhav Arora
in this ppt you will know how and what should we design in the warm and humid climate area like Kerala, it is best example for warm and humid zone.
Hope it will be useful for you.
The document provides details on the site location, physical features, site plan, zoning, and climate responsive design of an institutional housing project located on a sloping site in Pune. Key aspects include a compact planned layout with residential areas oriented north-south, interconnected open courtyards, extensive use of local and sustainable materials, rainwater harvesting, and solar energy systems.
Building material for different climate activityAmrata Yadav
This document discusses building materials suitable for different climate zones. It describes the general characteristics of hot and dry, humid, and cold climates. For hot and dry climates, it recommends white or green roofs, thick stone walls, and tile flooring. For humid climates, it suggests concrete roofs, sloped roofs, and bamboo flooring. For cold climates, it proposes metal or cement tile roofs, multi-pane windows, solid wood flooring, and carpeting. The document emphasizes choosing durable, insulating materials that regulate indoor temperatures and withstand extreme weather conditions for each climate type.
This document summarizes the sustainable features of the Infinity Benchmark building in Kolkata. It has high insulation in its external walls and roof to reduce energy usage. It uses double glazed windows, efficient HVAC and lighting systems, a building management system, and water efficient fixtures. Sustainable materials are also used, including those with recycled content. Waste is segregated and stormwater is reused. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort are prioritized.
TYPES OF HOUSING AND RESIDINTIAL BLOCKSSipAn Hayran
The document discusses different types of residential housing including detached homes, semi-detached homes, terraced homes, and apartments. It provides details on two housing projects - Roj City which consists of 25 apartment blocks arranged in a point and corridor layout, and Megapolis which includes 73 apartment blocks organized into four different zoning types varying from towers to linear blocks. Overall the document covers general residential typologies and specific case studies of multi-family housing developments.
The document provides biographical information about British architect Laurie Baker (1917-2007). It discusses that he went to India in 1945 and lived/worked there for over 50 years, obtaining Indian citizenship in 1989. Some of his accomplishments include designing low-cost housing and medical facilities that incorporated local materials and techniques. He is renowned for promoting simplicity and cost-conscious construction. The document outlines several of Baker's architectural principles and design features, and provides examples of his works including homes, a computer center, and housing for tribal communities.
The document discusses different climate types and their key characteristics:
- Climate Hot and Humid located between 15°N-S with day temperatures 27-32°C, high humidity, and annual rainfall of 2000-5000mm.
- Hot and Dry located 15-30°N/S with day temperatures 43-49°C, low humidity, and low annual rainfall of 50mm.
- Composite climate near tropics with temperatures and rainfall varying between dry and wet seasons.
The term “Vernacular architecture” in general refers to the informal building of structures through traditional building methods without using the services of a professional architect. It is the most widespread form of building .
Vernacular architecture has been growing over time with continuities changes, transformations and adaptations to the different social and economic conditions of each period.
Charles Correa was an Indian architect known for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor. He developed master plans for cities like Navi Mumbai that focused on decentralization into self-sufficient townships with residential neighborhoods organized by income level. At the micro level, his designs for low-income housing emphasized open-to-sky spaces, courtyards, and terraces to accommodate community needs within a limited footprint. His works show an adaptation of modernism to local culture through vernacular influences like tiled roofs, brick walls, and operable wooden louvers.
Raj Rewal designed the Sheikh Sarai housing complex in New Delhi in 1970 as his first large-scale social housing project. The 550-unit complex was structured according to regulations to provide affordable self-housing and technical standards. Rewal drew inspiration from the dense, interconnected urban fabrics and narrow shaded streets of historical cities in Rajasthan like Jaisalmer and Udaipur. The complex features clusters of buildings organized around intimate courtyards and roof terraces, with segregated pedestrian and vehicular access. Materials and construction methods were chosen to be locally sourced and affordable.
Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi is an Indian architect born in 1927 in Pune. He studied at J.J. School of Art in Bombay and worked with Le Corbusier in Paris from 1951-1954. In 1956, he established his own practice, Vastu-Shilpa, in Ahmedabad. Some of his notable works include the Aranya Low Cost Housing in Indore, the National Institute of Fashion Technology in New Delhi, and the Husain-Doshi Gufa art gallery in Ahmedabad. Doshi's works focus on climatic response, use of local materials, flexibility of space, and drawing from traditional Indian architectural principles.
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.Janmejoy Gupta
The document discusses passive solar design considerations for mud huts in Jharkhand, India. It examines how climate impacts rural building design with a focus on the composite climate of the region. Key factors discussed include site selection, orientation, shading calculations, housing forms, window size and placement, indoor temperature balance, and settlement patterns. Climate data from Ranchi and Jamshedpur districts is analyzed to determine optimal design strategies like orientation and shading devices that minimize heat gain in summer and maximize it in winter for thermal comfort.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
Vernacular architecture case study with examplesVISHAKA BOTHRA
case study on vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture, literature case study of vernacular architecture, examples of vernacular architecture of India, Maharashtra, Nanded, Aurangabad, complete case study on vernacular architecture
Padma Shri Achyut Kanvinde was an influential Indian architect known for pioneering modern architecture in India. He studied at Sir JJ School of Arts in Mumbai and Harvard University under Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius, which greatly influenced his style. Some of Kanvinde's most notable works include the IIT Kanpur campus, which he designed in the 1960s. The campus features a central academic complex surrounded by residential buildings, with an emphasis on functionality, open spaces, and connecting walkways influenced by the Bauhaus style.
Sheikh Sarai Housing Complex in New Delhi, designed by architect Raj Rewal in 1982, consists of 550 housing units arranged around shared courtyards in clusters. The complex draws inspiration from traditional Indian cities through its dense urban fabric organized around narrow, shaded streets and pedestrian pathways. Housing units are grouped around intimate courtyards and connected by a central spine, providing cross ventilation while maintaining privacy through perforated walls. The complex fosters community through its structured arrangement of shared outdoor spaces at various scales.
Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMansi Shah
This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
This document provides an introduction to vernacular architecture, including its definition and key characteristics. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on the local environmental, cultural, and historical context. It utilizes indigenous building materials and methods. The document discusses the origins and various approaches to studying vernacular architecture, including aesthetic, anthropological, and architectural approaches. Climate, culture, materials, and construction techniques are some of the main influences on vernacular building forms. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for insights into sustainable design principles is also highlighted.
cultural influence of vernacular architectureamzathkhan7
The document discusses various design principles for architecture in hot and dry climates. It recommends orienting buildings and their openings to minimize sun exposure in summer, using compact forms to reduce heat gain, and providing adequate shade. Courtyards are suggested as a passive cooling technique, and features like thick walls, small windows, and high thermal mass materials are described. Natural ventilation strategies like wind orientation, cross ventilation and stack effect are also outlined.
Laurie Baker was a British architect who came to India in 1945 as a missionary. He lived and worked in India for over 50 years, obtaining Indian citizenship in 1989. Baker is renowned for his initiatives in low-cost housing and sustainable architecture using locally available materials. Some key aspects of his work included using cost-effective materials like brick, laterite, mud and cow dung in innovative construction techniques like rat trap bond. He designed over 1000 residences and 40 other buildings in Kerala emphasizing natural ventilation, privacy and historical influences. Baker received the Padma Shri award in 1990 for his contributions to architecture.
Laurie Baker was an architect in India who pioneered the use of alternative and sustainable building techniques. He designed over 1,000 homes and other buildings using local and natural materials to reduce costs. Some of his techniques included using brick jalis for natural ventilation, mangalore roof tiles, and filler slabs. At the Centre for Development Studies in Trivandrum, he designed buildings that curved around the hilly landscape and trees, with courtyards providing microclimate control. Baker's work demonstrated affordable and environmentally-friendly architecture adapted to India's climate and traditional styles.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which is architecture based on localized needs, materials, and traditions. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on its environmental and cultural context. It tends to use simple and inexpensive local materials and designs that meet the needs of the local population. Examples of architectural elements, materials, and regional variations from around the world are provided to illustrate how vernacular design is adapted to the environment and resources available.
The document provides details about a technical seminar presentation on vernacular architecture in civil engineering. The presentation covers the introduction to vernacular architecture, literature review on previous papers about the topic, an overview of vernacular architecture including its influences and construction materials used. It also discusses vernacular elements and examples of vernacular architecture seen in different regions of India, specifically highlighting architecture in hot and dry climate zones.
A review of the House, Form and Culture by Amos Rapoport Prasad Thanthratey
A presentation on review of the book "House, Form, and Culture" by Amos Rapoport from students of 6th Semester of architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (Jan-March 2016)
Several factors influenced traditional house forms, including climate, materials, technology, culture and site conditions. While climate initially drove early shelters, culture became more influential over time as societies evolved. Houses came to symbolize cultural practices and beliefs, with spaces organized according to social hierarchies and religious symbols incorporated. Site constraints like flooding or earthquakes also directly shaped house designs in some areas. Overall, houses reflected and reinforced the collective understanding and identity of their communities.
Charles Correa: Seeking new Identity of Indian Architecture through " Criti...souvik das
This document discusses Charles Correa's approach to critical regionalism in architecture. It provides background on the origins of the term "critical regionalism" and its goals of addressing issues of placelessness while rejecting pure ornamentation. It examines Correa's focus on site context, climatic responsiveness, cultural values, and use of local materials blended with new technologies. The document analyzes two of Correa's projects - the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya museum in Ahmedabad, which uses a modular design with a central pool, and the Jahar Kala Kendra center, whose plan draws from the nine-square city model of Jaipur. Both prioritize ventilation, light, and response to climate.
The document discusses sustainability in architecture from traditional and modern perspectives. It summarizes that traditional architecture was more sustainable due to use of local materials, passive design techniques, joint family structures, and production of own resources. However, modern architecture focuses more on artificial comfort through advanced technologies and materials with high embodied energy, leading to less sustainability. While technology is important, traditional principles of simplicity, resource efficiency and climate responsiveness provide lessons for creating sustainable modern architecture.
- The book addresses issues of housing and urbanization through various projects designed by Charles Correa over 40 years. It presents projects ranging from small weekend houses to entire townships.
- A key theme is responding to climate - in India, built forms were designed to create natural ventilation and "climatic controls" before air conditioning. The Tube House project exemplifies this with its narrow form and openings to induce air flow.
- Later projects also explore themes of density, open space, and adapting modernism to local contexts. The book shows how Correa's approach connected micro and macro details in an iterative design process.
This document summarizes the vernacular architecture of Himachal Pradesh. It discusses how the architecture is influenced by the climate and culture of the region. The architecture uses local materials like wood and mud and construction techniques to withstand seismic activity. Some key features discussed include the use of attics for storage and living space, small windows and low ceilings for insulation, and the kathkuni style which is still seen in some districts. The conclusion emphasizes that vernacular architecture is designed based on local needs, materials, and traditions to suit the particular environment.
This document provides information about a student's personal project to design an eco-friendly multi-generational home combining traditional Korean and contemporary sustainable design elements. The student investigated traditional Korean hanok architecture and sustainable eco-home design principles. Criteria for the project included aesthetics, environmental considerations, materials used, and size/content. The student planned to design the home using 3D modeling programs and create a final product that incorporated traditional and modern living spaces to meet the needs of different generations while minimizing environmental impact through sustainable features like solar panels and a greywater system.
Difference between Traditional and Vernacular architecture Ar. Prerna Chouhan
lessons from traditional buildings _ semester 1 of masters of architecture from Chandigarh College of Architecture.
what do you understand by traditional architecture?
characteristics of traditional architecture,
what do you understand by vernacular architecture?
difference and similarities between traditional and vernacular architecture
This paper is a concise discussion on the classical Indian Architecture. The history of architecture in India
is defined by the strong and deep rooted history, traditions, religion and culture. India, over the years has
seen riches beyond imagination as well as destruction like no other country. India is the only country to
have such a varied picture of annexations by such a diverse list of dynasties ruling and assimilating their
cultures with the traditions of India. A mixture of cultures, dynasties and kingdoms defined the
architecture of India. The western influence of the British raj further contributed to the diversity of the
Classical Architectural style. Moulded and nurtured by time, Indian Architecture ha s evolved into the vast
style of architecture it is today.
What has redefined Indian Architecture in modern times is the use of Indigenous materials and
construction techniques.
This paper is a concise discussion on the classical Indian Architecture. The history of architecture in India is defined by the strong and deep rooted history, traditions, religion and culture. India, over the years has seen riches beyond imagination as well as destruction like no other country. India is the only country to have such a varied picture of annexations by such a diverse list of dynasties ruling and assimilating their cultures with the traditions of India. A mixture of cultures, dynasties and kingdoms defined the architecture of India. The western influence of the British raj further contributed to the diversity of the Classical Architectural style. Moulded and nurtured by time, Indian Architecture ha s evolved into the vast style of architecture it is today.
Raj Rewal is an internationally renowned Indian architect known for his humanist approach that responds to rapid urbanization, climate, culture, and building traditions. Some of his most famous works include the Parliament Library, Nehru Pavilion, Asian Games Village, and Sheikh Sarai Housing Complex. He draws influences from Western theories as well as traditional Indian architecture. Rewal's works emphasize climatic sensitivity, energy efficiency, and reinterpreting traditional stone architecture with modern materials like brick and concrete.
Landscape Architect Shefali Balwani case study DEEPNAHAR
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2. vernacular
architecture
• The vernacular architecture of any
place is evolved through ages by
consistent and continuous effort for
more efficient solutions. The
vernacular architecture of any place
is known for its respect to climate wrt
use of passive methods for a
comfortable indoor environment.
• The word ‘vernacular’ is derived from
the Latin word “Vernaculus”
meaning local or native. Hence
vernacular architecture refers to
“native science of building”.
3. introduction
• Many architectural publications advocate that
traditional and vernacular homes form the basis of
environmentally conscious design. In developing
countries, where most of the population remains in
rural areas using traditional buildings and
technologies, the only feasible way to provide them
with better living conditions is to upgrade traditional
and vernacular homes.
• Source:
• Meir, I.A. and Roaf, S.C., 2006. The future of the vernacular: Towards
new methodologies for the understanding and optimization of the
performance of vernacular buildings.
• In: Asquith,L. and Vellinga,M. (Eds). Vernacular architecture in the
twenty-first century: Theory, education and practice. (Abingdon: Taylor
& Francis Press), pp. 84-90.
4. DETERMINERS OF
VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE.
• Broadly speaking, however, vernacular
architecture of a region is primarily
influenced by the following
characteristics:-
1. Climate.
2. Locally available building materials.
3. Indigenous Construction Techniques.
4. Local customs and Social Traditions
also influence and mold vernacular
architecture of a region.
5. Sustainable
way of life
• Vernacular buildings record
lifestyles of the past when
people had to find a sustainable
way of life or perish, just as we
will have to now. The new
importance of vernacular
building is that it has vital
ecological lessons for today.
• Source: Pearson,S. and Meeson,R. (eds) 2001.
Vernacular Buildings in a Changing World:
Understanding, Recording and Conservation. York,
Council for British Archaeology.
6. climate
and
culture
• Although housing typologies are a
result of multiple determinants,
climate and culture are the two most
important determinants. Materials,
construction, and technology are
best treated as modifying factors,
rather than form determinants. They
make possible the enclosure of a
space organization decided upon for
other reasons, and possibly modify
that organization. They facilitate and
make possible or impossible certain
decisions, but never determine form.
• Source: Rapoport Amos, 1969. House, Form and
Culture. Prentice Hall Publications.
7. Need for
recognizing
vernacular
values by
incorporating
them
• The orientation of buildings’, internal
arrangement of spaces, the presence
of internal court-yards, use of locally
available materials and other factors
have combined together to create the
desired conditions. Other than
improved thermal comfort, the
vernacular architecture gives a
number of pointers towards
betterment of architectural quality in
modern architecture with respect to
planning principles, aesthetics and
building materials used in built form.
• There is a need for recognizing
vernacular values by incorporating
them into our contemporary built
forms.
8. At a
glance.
• Climate.
• Local building materials.
• Local customs &
Traditions.
• Social & Cultural influence
on built form.
• Indigenous Construction
Techniques.
15. Materials
• The common building materials
used for vernacular construction in
Kerala are mud, laterite, red brick,
granite stone blocks (in
foundations), lime mortar, wood,
bamboo, clay roofing tiles and
coconut palm leaves. Clay is used
in many forms - for walling, in filling
the timber floors and making bricks
and tiles. Palm leaves are used for
thatching the roofs and for making
partition walls. Timber, abundant
in the state, is the other most
important structural element used
in Kerala.
16. Indigenous
Technology
• Soft laterite available at shallow
depth can be easily cut, dressed
and used as building blocks. It is
a rare local stone that gets
stronger and durable with
exposure to the atmosphere.
• Block of this stone may be
bonded in mortars of shell lime
– the classic binding material
used in traditional buildings.The
major building material used was
a locally available inferior variety
of laterite stone, locally known as
''cheekkal ''.
17. Indigenous
Technology
• The skilful choice of timber, artful assembly and
delicate carving of wood work for columns, walls
and roofs frames are the unique characteristics
of Kerala architecture, using accurate joints.
(Source:Dr.
HarimohanPillai,
http://www.archiestud
io.in.)
18. CLIMATE-
RESPONSIVENESS.
The wet tropical environments of Kerala
create typical architecture with the
following characteristics:
1. Use of shingle roofs and protruding
eaves as response to tropical rain, wind
and other natural elements .
2. Use of grilled windows and porous
walls as response to tropical sun glare
3. Significance of the rectangular I-
shaped building mass .
4. Open lay-out living spaces.
(Source:Dili, A.S., M.A.Naseer, T.Zacharia Varghese,
2010. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, 03(01): 1-5.)
19. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
INFLUENCE
• The environment sought reflects many
socio-cultural forces, including religious
beliefs, family and clan structure and
social organization.
• The houses and the villages are
symbolic of the fact that societies share
generally accepted goals and values.
• Vernacular dwellings are more a result of
the aims and desires of an unified group
for an ideal environment.
• Source: Rapoport Amos, 1969. House,
Form and Culture. Prentice Hall
Publications.
20. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
INFLUENCE
• In the district of Kottayam there is a
traditional strip of canal-settlement with
a couple of rows of traditional-vernacular
houses facing the river and the boulevard
flanking both sides of the river.
• These strips mostly belong to traders and
merchants who are Muslim and Christian
Syrian.
21. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
INFLUENCE
• The house types are popularly considered
Christian Syrian and perform the eclectic
vocabulary of Kerala, Southeast Asian,
and Portuguese styles. The seashore
settlements, especially those around the
ancient trading ports, show the most
extreme eclectic features compared to
those in inland Kerala.
• Source: Susilo, I., 2010. The Living Culture and Typo-
Morphology of Vernacular-Traditional Houses in
Kerala,
atwww.asianscholarship.org/asf/ejourn/articles/ind
ah_w.pdf.
22. Agraharams.
• The Agraharams of Kerala is the standing vestiges of the
history of a group of people who were basically Brahmins
who had migrated to this land and made it their abode.
• The name originates from the fact that the agraharams have
rows of houses on either side of the road and the temple to
the village god at the centre, thus resembling a garland
around the temple.
• An agraharam is held to be two rows of houses running
north-south on either side of a road at one end of which
would be a temple to Shiva and at the other end, a temple to
Vishnu.
• The design and layout of the Brahmin agraharams are in
contrast to the traditional architectural style followed in
Kerala
23. Bhungas-Kutch,Gujarat.
Gupta,J. and Mazumdar,S. (2016), How sustainable are
vernacular dwellings? , Architecture time space & people,
Vol. 16, Issue 2, February 2016, pp. 34-40. (ISSN 0973-
8339).
24.
25. Hasan Fathy's
Pioneering Work
Hassan Fathy (1973) built
thick mud walls and
traditional courtyards, in
his works at New Gourna
Village for 3,000
families.
He created opportunities
for passive cooling and
enlisted the villagers as
builders
Fathy used the stack
effect to good effect in his
designed dwellings,
with intelligently placed
courtyards and proper
openings at different
levels.
Inducing stack effect through
well designed courtyards and
properly placed openings at
different levels by
Hasan Fathy. (Source: Fathy,
1973)
26. Conclusion:
Lesson learnt
from tradition
to take
forward.
Traditional Indian way of living was inherently energy cautious.
A multi-faceted life-style with strong linkages to the environmental
and climatic context, appropriateness of materials and technologies
used.
Many of the traditional features are replicated in some modern
buildings, but the functional utility of the buildings are lost while
replicating them.
Traditional materials and techniques can be analyzed in terms of
energy consumption, in future studies.
The Vernacular strategies in existence in India, irrespective of the fact
that not much quantitative studies have been done in the field,
possess immense potential in this regard and need further research.
Appropriate planning devices like courtyards, suitable orientation,
envelope design, responsive roof design and appropriate
fenestration design should be employed.
Stress on locally available materials without major modifications in
their organic states along with the use of local crafts and skills should
be done.
27. Re-interpreting....
Traditional homes in warm-humid
climates using light-weight construction
with openable walls and shaded outdoor
porches, raised above ground.
Modern Day interpretation of the Traditional timber frame roof in concrete
Kerala.(Source:Dr.Harimohan Pillai,http://www.archiestudio.in/linkages.)
(Source: www.climateconsultant.com)
28. Other Indigenous
Vernacular
Techniques.
• Rammed earth domes - The walls, which
formed a hexagon on the inside, were
also made of rammed earth. To transfer
the thrust from the dome to the
foundation, buttresses were integrated
with the walls.
• The Nubian dome technique has been
known in Upper Egypt for thousands of
years. In this technique, circumferential
courses of adobes are laid using a
movable guide.
• Persian dome with wind catchers.rs.
Persian dome with wind catchers.
29. Compacted Soil Block
• The technique of production of compacted soil
block is relatively young in comparison with other
methods.
• Compacting the soil in a small form produces a
block, which by means of the increased density, is
both stronger and more water resistant than an
ordinary mud brick.
• Compressing the prepared soil "pre-designed
mixture of clay, sand, and fine gravel" in a dry-
moist condition (humidity 8-12%) under high
pressure (60-100 Kg/cm2) in a small steel moulds.
• When moist earth is compacted in a manual or
powered press, the compressed elements so
formed are called “soil blocks.”
• In their unbaked state, bricks produced by an
extruder in a brick plant are called “green bricks.
30. Way Forward...for
fighting climate
change thru essence
of vernacular
architecture.
• How to recreate the thermal properties of traditional materials
like mud with cow-dung layer, rice husk, and thermally insulative
khapra (clay tile) layer with modern day industrially produced
materials .
• Calculating thermal conductivity, transmittance and insulation
properties of bamboo reinforced rammed earth walls and explore
other fusions of bamboo and earth to make composite materials
with good thermal performance in tropical climates.
• A comprehensive study of the thermal properties of non-
stabilized compressed earth blocks with the goal of having it
published in ASHRAE and in the building standards of India should
be made.
• The Bureau of Indian Standards has already brought out a code
of practice (IS: 2110-1980) for the construction of rammed
cement soil walls for rural houses. Further codes for rural houses
need to be brought for construction with compressed earth
blocks and rammed earth walls to bring uniformity in construction
practices with mud in different parts of the country.
• Use of rationalized traditional technologies needs to be
researched upon and encouraged as has been done and displayed
at the Rural Building Centre of National Institute of Rural
Development, Hyderabad (NIRD), a HUDCO initiative, in line with
16 diverse climatic areas of India including Kutch, hot-dry area,
coastal high-rain areas, Deccan Plateau, etc.