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Inspection and Grading

• Grades A, B or C
• The changing face of graded poultry in the marketplace

• The age of a bird when processed is a key factor in flavor and
tenderness

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

• USDA inspection is mandatory for public consumption:
guarantees wholesomeness
• Grading is voluntary: graded for overall quality, it is a
marketing tool.
Types of Poultry
• Rock cornish game hen or Poussin (French) - 5-6 weeks old
• Broiler/fryer - 13 weeks old
• Roaster - 3-5 months old
• Capon: castrated male - Under 8 months old
• Hen/stewing - Over 10 months old

• Duck
• Moulard, Muscovy, Pekin
• Magret: the breast portion of the Moulard

•
•
•
•
•

Goose
Guinea fowl
Pigeon (squab)
Turkey
Ratites: ostrich & emu, rhea

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

• Chicken
Structure – Dark Meat
• More fat & connective tissue

• More myoglobin
• Makes meat red
• Develops with age & muscle use
• The more myoglobin the darker the meat the more connective
tissue

• Breast meat of flying birds
• Cooked Medium rare to Medium
• Sliced thin against the grain

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

• Legs & thighs
• Longer cooking time
• Tougher meat
• Breast of flightless birds
• Very little myoglobin
• Very little connective tissue
• Very tender but becomes tough, chewy, stringy
and dry when overcooked (over 155 ̊F)
• Careful slow gentle heat is recommended

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

Structure – White Meat
Giblets & other parts
• Should be used when fresh or stored frozen
• Liver

• Neck, gizzards, heart
• Used in stock preparation
• Gizzards sometimes ground and added to certain dishes
• Giblet gravy

• Feet
• Cocks comb
• eggs

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

• Fattened goose & duck livers – foie gras
• Chicken livers – don’t throw away, don’t put in stock
• Highly perishable
• Store on ice @ 32 ̊F – 34 ̊F
• Thaw under refrigeration
• Particularly susceptible to
contamination by salmonella bacteria
• Be very aware of cross contamination
• Stuffing poultry – use caution

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

Sanitation & Safety
• White – buried in order to impede chlorophyll production
which makes it bitter – proffered in most of Europe – more
tender
• Green – allowed to develop chlorophyll, cultivated by Auguste
Escoffier for the English market
• Purple – cultivated in Italy first
•
•
•
•

Eat when tops are tight and unopened
Peel fiberous stalks
Blanch & shock to lock green color in
Level of doneness may differ based on personal preference

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

Asparagus
Review Cooking Methods
• Dry heat
• Roast/bake
• Grill
• Broil
• Sauté/pan sear
• Pan fry/deep fry

• Moist heat
•
•
•
•

Poaching – Court Bouillion
Steaming
Sweating
Poele

• Combination
• Braising
• Stewing
• Poéléing

Chef Michael Scott
Lead Chef Instructor AESCA
Boulder

• Dry heat w/fat

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15 poultry

  • 1. Inspection and Grading • Grades A, B or C • The changing face of graded poultry in the marketplace • The age of a bird when processed is a key factor in flavor and tenderness Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder • USDA inspection is mandatory for public consumption: guarantees wholesomeness • Grading is voluntary: graded for overall quality, it is a marketing tool.
  • 2. Types of Poultry • Rock cornish game hen or Poussin (French) - 5-6 weeks old • Broiler/fryer - 13 weeks old • Roaster - 3-5 months old • Capon: castrated male - Under 8 months old • Hen/stewing - Over 10 months old • Duck • Moulard, Muscovy, Pekin • Magret: the breast portion of the Moulard • • • • • Goose Guinea fowl Pigeon (squab) Turkey Ratites: ostrich & emu, rhea Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder • Chicken
  • 3. Structure – Dark Meat • More fat & connective tissue • More myoglobin • Makes meat red • Develops with age & muscle use • The more myoglobin the darker the meat the more connective tissue • Breast meat of flying birds • Cooked Medium rare to Medium • Sliced thin against the grain Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder • Legs & thighs • Longer cooking time • Tougher meat
  • 4. • Breast of flightless birds • Very little myoglobin • Very little connective tissue • Very tender but becomes tough, chewy, stringy and dry when overcooked (over 155 ̊F) • Careful slow gentle heat is recommended Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder Structure – White Meat
  • 5. Giblets & other parts • Should be used when fresh or stored frozen • Liver • Neck, gizzards, heart • Used in stock preparation • Gizzards sometimes ground and added to certain dishes • Giblet gravy • Feet • Cocks comb • eggs Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder • Fattened goose & duck livers – foie gras • Chicken livers – don’t throw away, don’t put in stock
  • 6. • Highly perishable • Store on ice @ 32 ̊F – 34 ̊F • Thaw under refrigeration • Particularly susceptible to contamination by salmonella bacteria • Be very aware of cross contamination • Stuffing poultry – use caution Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder Sanitation & Safety
  • 7. • White – buried in order to impede chlorophyll production which makes it bitter – proffered in most of Europe – more tender • Green – allowed to develop chlorophyll, cultivated by Auguste Escoffier for the English market • Purple – cultivated in Italy first • • • • Eat when tops are tight and unopened Peel fiberous stalks Blanch & shock to lock green color in Level of doneness may differ based on personal preference Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder Asparagus
  • 8. Review Cooking Methods • Dry heat • Roast/bake • Grill • Broil • Sauté/pan sear • Pan fry/deep fry • Moist heat • • • • Poaching – Court Bouillion Steaming Sweating Poele • Combination • Braising • Stewing • Poéléing Chef Michael Scott Lead Chef Instructor AESCA Boulder • Dry heat w/fat