This document discusses osteomalacia and osteodystrophy in animals. Osteomalacia is a disease affecting bone in adults where bone formation is incomplete, leading to weak and fractured bones. It is caused by calcium, phosphorus or vitamin D deficiencies. Osteodystrophy is abnormal soft tissue bone formation causing weak, distorted and enlarged bones. It is caused by nutritional imbalances or deficiencies, especially too high a calcium to phosphorus ratio, and can lead to lameness and fractures. Diagnosis involves history, symptoms, and lab/radiographic testing, while treatment focuses on correcting nutritional deficiencies.
Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
A CASE STUDY OF COENUROSIS IN GOAT VTH CHITWANchetraj pathak
ONE OF THE BEST CASE REGARDING TO THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS AND LEARNER. IT WILL HELPFUL AND GUIDELINE TO EVERYONE CONCERNED TO ANIMAL HEALTH SECTOR.
What is diarrhea in cattle and what causes it?
• Diarrhea (purging, scours) can have many causes.
• Possible causes include bacterial and viral infections, certain chemicals, intestinal parasites, poor diet, overfeeding on milk or lush grass, poisonous plants and other toxins, food allergies and even stress.
• In diarrhea, the intestine fails to adequately absorb fluids, and/or secretion into the intestine is increased. Loss of fluids through diarrhea produces dehydration and the loss of certain body salts.
• It causes a change in body tissue composition and severe depression in the animal.
• Death from scours is usually the result of dehydration and loss of body salts rather than invasion of an infectious agent.
• The correct determination of the cause of diarrhea is important in order to take effective preventive measures.
A CASE STUDY OF COENUROSIS IN GOAT VTH CHITWANchetraj pathak
ONE OF THE BEST CASE REGARDING TO THE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS AND LEARNER. IT WILL HELPFUL AND GUIDELINE TO EVERYONE CONCERNED TO ANIMAL HEALTH SECTOR.
What is diarrhea in cattle and what causes it?
• Diarrhea (purging, scours) can have many causes.
• Possible causes include bacterial and viral infections, certain chemicals, intestinal parasites, poor diet, overfeeding on milk or lush grass, poisonous plants and other toxins, food allergies and even stress.
• In diarrhea, the intestine fails to adequately absorb fluids, and/or secretion into the intestine is increased. Loss of fluids through diarrhea produces dehydration and the loss of certain body salts.
• It causes a change in body tissue composition and severe depression in the animal.
• Death from scours is usually the result of dehydration and loss of body salts rather than invasion of an infectious agent.
• The correct determination of the cause of diarrhea is important in order to take effective preventive measures.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. Definition
•It is a disease of adult animals affecting bone
in which endochondral ossification completed.
It is characterized by osteoperosis and
formation of excessive uncalcified matrix
which lead to lameness and easily fracture.
•Causes
(1) Calcium, phosphorus and/or vitamin D
deficiency.
(2) Lactation and pregnancy are predisposing
causes.
3. Pathogenesis
(1) Osteomalacia occurs in adults under
the same conditions of rickets and is
mainly confined to the diaphyses of bone.
(2) It is formed during the normal process of rebuilding the
bone. Osteoid tissue under the periosteum (especially at the
site of ligament and tendon attachment and in the Haversian
systems) gradually replaces the calcified tissues causing
weakness of the bones which break or become deformed and
uncalcified callus is unable to support weight.
(3) It mainly occurs in cattle area deficient in ph or in feedlot
animals take more ph with low Ca and vitamin D.
4. (4) Pathogenesis occurs by:
1) Increase resorption of bone mineral to
supply the needs of pregnancy, lactation
and endogenous metabolism leads to
osteoporosis, weakness and deformity of
bone.
2) Large amount of uncalcified osteoid
tissue are deposited in the diaphysis.
5.
6. Symptoms
!In the early stages (The main
cause is ph deficiency):
(1) Lower productivity and
infertility.
(2) Loss of condition.
(3) Licking and chewing of foreign
object & pica.
7. !In the late stage:
(1) Stiff gait, moderate lameness and shifting
from leg to leg due to painful condition of the
bone and joints.
(2) Arched back.
(3) Crackling sound during walking.
(4) Bone deformity leads to fracture of bone
and separation of tendon. Dystocia may occur
in deformity of pelvis.
(5) Finally weakness lead to disinclination to
move, permanent recumbence and death from
starvation.
8. •Diagnosis
(1) Case history and
symptoms.
(2) Laboratory examination:
Increase serum alkaline
phosphatase and decrease
phosphorus level.
(3) Radiographic examination.
9. Treatment
(1) Calcium therapy: Ca gluconate 500 ml IV
& SC in cattle.
(2) Phosphorus therapy: Tonophosphan
25-30cc IV or IM in cattle or sodium dibasic
phosphate 100-200 ml of 20% solution SC.
(3) Vitamin D3 therapy.
(4) Mineral mixture: 50g /daily/ cattle.
(5) Bone meal (100 g) and bran daily in the
ration.
NB: In severe deformity treatment is of no
value.
10. Osteodystrophy
(Osteodystrophy
Fibroses)
Definition
•It is an abnormal soft cellular
fibrous tissue formation of
bones. It includes weakness,
distortion & enlargement of
bones, susceptibility of bone
to fracture & interference with
gait & posture.
11. Occurrence
•It occurs mainly in horses at
any age specially after
weaning 2-7 years. The
disease may occur within 5
months.
12. Etiology
(1) Nutritional causes
A. Imbalance of Ca: ph ratio in diet 1: 2.9 or greater.
B. Calcium deficiency due to very low calcium intake.
C. Prolonged feeding of diet high in calcium.
D. Excess ph feeding lead to secondary Ca deficiency (such as cereal
hays combined with heavy grain or bran feeding).
E. Continuous ingestion of oxalate in specific grasses with normal
dietary intake of calcium & phosphorous.
F. Disease of parathyroid gland (adenoma).
G. Deficiency in dietary protein, copper, vitamin A & or multivitamin,
multi- mineral deficiency
H. Hypervitaminosis A
13. (2) Chemical agents: Chronic
lead or fluorine poisoning.
(3) Congenital causes;
Chondrodystrophy in dwarf
calves; exostosis in horse;
angular deformities of joints of
long bones.
(4) Physical causes: as trauma.
14. Pathogenesis
(1) Weakness of bones and a fibrous dysplasia occurs
around the affected bone in response to:
A. Defective in mineralization of bones follows the
imbalance of Ca and ph in the diet and a fibrous dysplasia
occurs.
B. Hyperparathyroidism stimulated by the excessive
intake of ph.
(2) Weakness of bone lead to fractures and separation of
muscle and tendinous attachment.
(3) Articular erosions occur commonly and displacement of
bone marrow may cause the development of anemia.
15. Symptoms
(1) Shifting lameness (no physical deformity can be
found) occurs in early stage.
(2) Arching of the black
(3) Crackling of the joints due to relaxation and or
sprain of tendons and ligament.
(4) Lameness may occur due to articular erosions.
(5) Weakness of the bones
(6) In more advanced cases severe injuries
including fracture and distortion.
(7) Fracture & distortion in growing animals.
(8) Unexpected fractures in mature animals.
16. (9) Local swelling of the lower mandible and
facial bones which may lead to difficulty in
respiration and snoring.
(10) Flattening of the ribs, fractures and
detachment of ligaments.
(11) Obvious swelling of joints and curvature of
long bones.
(12) Pressure of spinal cord or nerves may
lead to paralysis.
(13) Severe emaciation and anemia.
(14) Chronic wasting & lameness in cow with
calcinosis
17. Diagnosis
(1) History and clinical signs
(2) Laboratory examination: Increase
serum level of alkaline phosphatase
and ph and decrease serum Ca level.
(3) Radiographic examination.
18. Treatment
(1) Correct Ca: ph imbalance in
ration.
(2) Cereal hay may supplement with
alfalfa or clover hay or finely ground
lime stone.