Presentation of Björn JE Johansson, Charlotte Hellgren, Per-Anders Oskarsson and Jonathan Svensson on the topic "Supporting situation awareness on the move - the role of technology for spatial orientation in the field" at ISCRAM2013
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofieldrnkhan
An important book for knowledge of all types of engineering surveys
Engineering Surveying. Sixth Edition. W. Schofield. Former Principal Lecturer, Kingston University. M. Breach. Principal Lecturer, Nottingham Trent University.
This document discusses using hyperspectral data to map sedimentary rock types in Sicily, Italy. It describes the study area, dataset, and geology. Various training sample selections and classification algorithms were tested and compared, including support vector machine, spectral angle mapper, spectral information divergence, and maximum likelihood. Accuracy was assessed against a reference geology map, finding some classes were identified more easily than others. The results provide guidance for geological mapping but are not fully reliable on their own.
This document discusses using hyperspectral data to map sedimentary rock types in Sicily, Italy. It describes the study area, dataset, and geological features of interest. It then outlines different training sample selections and classification algorithms used, and compares the results. Accuracy is assessed against a reference geological map. The results show some classes are easier to identify than others spectrally. While spectral data alone is not sufficient for complete geological mapping, the maps produced can provide useful insight to experts.
A Review of Change Detection Techniques of LandCover Using Remote Sensing Dataiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Content- Introduction to surveying and leveling
Object and Uses of Surveying, Fundamental Principles of Surveying, Introduction to conventional methods and equipment used for surveying and Leveling
Introduction to modern equipment’s used in surveying- EDM, Total Station, GIS,GPS, Remote sensing, planimeter.
Introduction to Topo sheets and use of maps.
This document discusses various geodetic remote sensing methods for estimating glacial mass balance, including altimetry, photogrammetry, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). It focuses on applications using the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and compares the advantages and limitations of different techniques. Satellite and airborne altimetry have proven most successful for monitoring elevation changes over time to estimate mass balance, though challenges remain regarding spatial and temporal resolution of data.
Remote sensing and GIS techniques are useful tools for civil engineering projects. There are several models that can be used to represent the shape of the Earth, including flat, spherical, and ellipsoidal models. The ellipsoidal model is needed for accurate measurements over long distances. A geodetic datum defines the parameters of the reference ellipsoid and the orientation of the coordinate system grid. Common datums include NAD27 and NAD83, and transformations allow conversion between them. Map projections, such as Mercator and UTM, are used to represent the 3D Earth on a 2D surface, inevitably distorting some spatial properties like shape, area, or distance.
Surveying is the science of determining the positions of points on or near the earth's surface. It involves decision making, fieldwork, data processing, mapping, and stakeout. The primary objectives of surveying are to prepare plans for estates, buildings, infrastructure, and to measure areas. Plane surveying considers the earth's surface flat over small areas, while geodetic surveying accounts for curvature over large areas. Distance is typically measured using tapes or chains, and errors are corrected for tape length and temperature.
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofieldrnkhan
An important book for knowledge of all types of engineering surveys
Engineering Surveying. Sixth Edition. W. Schofield. Former Principal Lecturer, Kingston University. M. Breach. Principal Lecturer, Nottingham Trent University.
This document discusses using hyperspectral data to map sedimentary rock types in Sicily, Italy. It describes the study area, dataset, and geology. Various training sample selections and classification algorithms were tested and compared, including support vector machine, spectral angle mapper, spectral information divergence, and maximum likelihood. Accuracy was assessed against a reference geology map, finding some classes were identified more easily than others. The results provide guidance for geological mapping but are not fully reliable on their own.
This document discusses using hyperspectral data to map sedimentary rock types in Sicily, Italy. It describes the study area, dataset, and geological features of interest. It then outlines different training sample selections and classification algorithms used, and compares the results. Accuracy is assessed against a reference geological map. The results show some classes are easier to identify than others spectrally. While spectral data alone is not sufficient for complete geological mapping, the maps produced can provide useful insight to experts.
A Review of Change Detection Techniques of LandCover Using Remote Sensing Dataiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Content- Introduction to surveying and leveling
Object and Uses of Surveying, Fundamental Principles of Surveying, Introduction to conventional methods and equipment used for surveying and Leveling
Introduction to modern equipment’s used in surveying- EDM, Total Station, GIS,GPS, Remote sensing, planimeter.
Introduction to Topo sheets and use of maps.
This document discusses various geodetic remote sensing methods for estimating glacial mass balance, including altimetry, photogrammetry, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). It focuses on applications using the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and compares the advantages and limitations of different techniques. Satellite and airborne altimetry have proven most successful for monitoring elevation changes over time to estimate mass balance, though challenges remain regarding spatial and temporal resolution of data.
Remote sensing and GIS techniques are useful tools for civil engineering projects. There are several models that can be used to represent the shape of the Earth, including flat, spherical, and ellipsoidal models. The ellipsoidal model is needed for accurate measurements over long distances. A geodetic datum defines the parameters of the reference ellipsoid and the orientation of the coordinate system grid. Common datums include NAD27 and NAD83, and transformations allow conversion between them. Map projections, such as Mercator and UTM, are used to represent the 3D Earth on a 2D surface, inevitably distorting some spatial properties like shape, area, or distance.
Surveying is the science of determining the positions of points on or near the earth's surface. It involves decision making, fieldwork, data processing, mapping, and stakeout. The primary objectives of surveying are to prepare plans for estates, buildings, infrastructure, and to measure areas. Plane surveying considers the earth's surface flat over small areas, while geodetic surveying accounts for curvature over large areas. Distance is typically measured using tapes or chains, and errors are corrected for tape length and temperature.
This document provides an introduction to surveying. It defines surveying as determining the position of points on or below the earth's surface through measurement of distance, direction, and elevation. The main objectives of surveying are to collect precise data and information for maps and plans. Surveying is classified based on the nature of the fieldwork (e.g. land, hydrographic), purpose (e.g. engineering, military), instruments used (e.g. theodolite, plane table), and whether it considers the curvature of the Earth. Fundamental principles include working from established control points and locating points using two or more measurements.
Surveying is the technique of accurately determining positions and measurements of natural and man-made features on the Earth's surface. It involves measuring horizontal and vertical distances and angles. There are two main categories of surveying: plane surveying, which assumes a flat Earth, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for the Earth's curvature. The work of surveyors includes fieldwork to collect data, computations, mapping, and stakeouts. Surveying is used for applications such as boundary delineation, construction, and topographic mapping.
This document outlines the course content for Basic Principles in Surveying I. Over 15 weeks, topics such as chain surveying, levelling, theodolites, compass surveying, and mapping will be covered. Accuracy and precision in measurements are emphasized, with checks on work to identify errors. Surveying aims to work from overall control points to detailed surveys, maintaining scientific honesty. The appropriate equipment selection balances required accuracy with cost. Errors are inevitable, despite best methods and equipment.
Modern surveying methods and instrumentsATHIRA B K
EDM uses modulated microwave or infrared signals to measure distance. The distance is determined by emitting multiple frequencies and calculating the number of wavelengths to the target. Total stations integrate EDM, digital data storage, and angle measurement to provide position coordinates of points. GPS uses satellite triangulation to determine 3D position within meters by measuring signals from four satellites. It has made surveying faster and more efficient but relies on clear satellite signals.
This document discusses using multi-sensor remote sensing to detect exposed and subsurface archaeological remains in eastern Crete. It summarizes how hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and lidar were used individually and together to map surface structures and detect anomalies underground that could indicate buried remains. While surface mapping was mostly successful, detecting subsurface remains proved more difficult, though thermal data showed the most promise. The study demonstrated the value of combining different sensor types to gain more archaeological information than from any single sensor alone.
The international spheroid is a mathematically defined ellipsoid that approximates the geoid and serves as a global reference surface. It has evolved over time from early regional spheroids to more accurate global versions. The present international spheroid is WGS-84, which was developed in the 1980s using improved data and techniques including data from satellite laser ranging, VLBI observations, and satellite radar altimetry. WGS-84 provides the foundation for global positioning systems and is accurate to within 1 meter globally.
this is the intro of surveying
content-types of survey ,uses of survey, pricipal of survey
FOR ALL POLYTECHNIC DIPLOMA STUDENT I HAVE ALL THE MATERIALS OF THIS TYPE FOR YOU . YOU CAN DISCOVER ALL ON MY PROFILE I ONLY HAVE DIPLOM MATERIAL .
Geomorphology and GIS Analysis for Mapping Gully Erosion Susceptibility in Ta...ijtsrd
This study aim at performing geomorphological and GIS Analysis to map gully erosion susceptibility in Taraba State. GIS and Remote sensing integrated with Erodibility Variables Soil, Landuse and Erosivity Variables Elevation Aspect, plan Curvature, Stream Power index SPI , Topographic Wetness Index TWI , Length Slope Factor LSF were used in mapping gully erosion susceptibility. All Erosive Variables were automatically derived from SRTM DEM http earthexplorer.usgs.gov and were analyzed using 3D Analyst and Spatial Analyst Extensions of ArcGIS 10.1. The result shows that 2 are of very High Susceptibility, 33 High Susceptibility, 37 Moderate Susceptibility and 28 Low no Susceptibility. Idakwo Victor Iko-Ojo | Mark Ma’aku Joshua | Idakwo Francis Akoji "Geomorphology and GIS Analysis for Mapping Gully Erosion Susceptibility in Taraba State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33136.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/33136/geomorphology-and-gis-analysis-for-mapping-gully-erosion-susceptibility-in-taraba-state-nigeria/idakwo-victor-ikoojo
This document discusses modern surveying techniques and technologies. It begins by defining surveying and its objectives such as collecting field data and preparing maps. It then describes several key pieces of modern surveying equipment - digital levels, electro-magnetic distance measurement instruments (EDMI), total stations, and remote sensing. For each, it provides details on how they work, their features and applications. Remote sensing in particular discusses how satellite imagery can support disaster management activities such as mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery for cyclones, earthquakes, floods and other hazards.
The document summarizes the Geoid Slope Validation Survey 2017 conducted by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey along Highway 160 in Colorado. The survey involved establishing 221 new monuments along 221 miles of highway with over 1250 meters of elevation change to validate the accuracy of NOAA's gravimetric geoid model. The survey involved GPS observations, leveling measurements, gravity measurements, and zenith camera imaging at each monument to directly measure geoid heights and slopes in the rugged terrain. This was the third phase of validation surveys, following previous efforts in flat areas of Texas and Iowa.
Use of Satellite Data for Feasibility Study And Preliminary Design Project Re...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In the developing countries like India, need of infrastructure is very high as compared to the available resources. The various organizations put their demands to state and center government for sanction of their project, government depends upon its various department to provide an approximate cost so that priorities can be assigned. The conventional procedure depends upon the land surveying, collection of data from various departments resulting in delay in necessary decision making or some time shelving due to unreasonable cost estimate due to field data being very old. Survey of India, The National Survey and Mapping Organization single handily taking this responsibility thus up gradation of data is far behind the actual development. From the satellite data, which is available in the form of images and terrains (even in 3d LiDAR points for some areas) is very useful for Feasibility Study, and Preliminary Project Report. In the present study natural drain named „Chai Nala‟ meanders through the prime property of Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA) thus making a big chunk of commercial land inoperative. It was proposed to straighten and channelize to reclaim the land from drain regime. Being the precious land department wanted the most economical and technically sound design without taking any risk. It was decided to counter check the hydraulic data, ground profile, acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department with the satellite data and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The data from the Google Earth was acquired using Cad Earth software and water shed analysis was carried out using Autodesk Civil 3D software. Comparison of results shows that this technique is quite useful and can be for preliminary feasibility and project preparation. Thus saving huge money and time.
Development of Methodology for Determining Earth Work Volume Using Combined S...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
GPS uses signals from satellites to determine location on Earth. A GPS receiver measures the travel time of signals from at least 3 satellites to calculate the user's position via trilateration. Each satellite continuously transmits a radio signal carrying a unique identifying code and the satellite's exact location. By measuring distances to multiple satellites, a receiver can determine latitude, longitude, and altitude with accuracy within a few meters. The Global Positioning System consists of 24 orbiting satellites maintained by the US Department of Defense to provide precise navigation worldwide.
The document discusses testing of geolocation systems. It provides an overview of geolocation, including definitions and importance. It then outlines the speaker's experience and work testing GIS systems. The rest of the document details approaches to testing geolocation, including simulating calls, checking responses and databases, and verifying accuracy. It also discusses common data formats, projections, tools like PostGIS and QGIS, and potential bugs to watch for like coordinate jumbling. The conclusion emphasizes starting simple, practicing to improve, and for tests to grow with knowledge as geolocation is important for future IT.
Ooms - Cognitive user evaluation of digital maps: findings and challengesswenney
This document summarizes Kristien Ooms' research on cognitive user evaluation of digital maps using eye tracking methods. The research aims to understand how map users read, interpret, store and use visual information on screen maps. It involves two parts - the first examines basic map design using simple maps, and the second examines complex realistic maps. The research finds that expert map users have shorter fixations, more fixations per second, and can locate information faster than novices. It also finds that experts can retrieve more information from maps by storing it in larger chunks in working memory.
Popelka - The role of hill-shading in tourist maps: an eye-tracking studyswenney
This document summarizes an eye-tracking study that evaluated the role of hill-shading in tourist maps. The study tested 40 respondents on tasks involving finding hills and villages on maps with and without hill-shading. Eye movements were recorded and various metrics like fixation count and scanpath length were analyzed. Results showed that while respondents preferred hill-shaded maps, the eye tracking metrics indicated less efficient searching on those maps, especially when trying to find villages. It was more difficult to find villages than hills, and hill-shading made finding villages even harder. The type of task (finding a hill or village) had a statistically significant impact on all eye tracking metrics.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the accuracy of GPS and automatic level instruments for topographic surveying. The study collected elevation data using both instruments at points in a study area in Iraq. The data was input into GIS software to create contour maps and digital elevation models (DEMs) from each dataset. The accuracy of the DEMs was then evaluated and compared. The results showed the effect that the source data, DEM resolution, and ground control point distribution had on accuracy. This allowed the study to assess the relative accuracy and effectiveness of GPS versus automatic leveling for topographic data collection and DEM generation.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the accuracy of GPS and automatic level instruments for topographic surveying. Researchers collected elevation data for 25 points in the study area using both a GPS receiver and an automatic level. They then used ArcGIS to create contour maps and digital elevation models from each dataset. The results showed that the GPS data had lower standard deviation and was therefore more accurate than the automatic level data. However, automatic leveling remains a cost-effective method for small study areas. The integration of GPS and GIS techniques allows for efficient processing and analysis of spatial data to produce high accuracy topographic maps and DEMs.
GNSS/GPS systems enable precise positioning using signals from satellites. Consumer-grade receivers provide positions within 5 meters, while survey-grade systems can achieve precision of a few centimeters with post-processing. Earth scientists use GNSS to track ground movement, map topography, and monitor hazards, providing both direct benefits like early warning systems and indirect benefits like furthering scientific understanding.
GNSS/GPS systems enable precise positioning using signals from satellites. Consumer-grade receivers provide positions within 5 meters, while survey-grade systems can achieve precision of a few centimeters with post-processing. Earth scientists use GNSS to track ground movement, map topography, and monitor hazards, providing both direct benefits like early warning systems and indirect benefits like furthering scientific understanding.
This document provides an introduction to surveying. It defines surveying as determining the position of points on or below the earth's surface through measurement of distance, direction, and elevation. The main objectives of surveying are to collect precise data and information for maps and plans. Surveying is classified based on the nature of the fieldwork (e.g. land, hydrographic), purpose (e.g. engineering, military), instruments used (e.g. theodolite, plane table), and whether it considers the curvature of the Earth. Fundamental principles include working from established control points and locating points using two or more measurements.
Surveying is the technique of accurately determining positions and measurements of natural and man-made features on the Earth's surface. It involves measuring horizontal and vertical distances and angles. There are two main categories of surveying: plane surveying, which assumes a flat Earth, and geodetic surveying, which accounts for the Earth's curvature. The work of surveyors includes fieldwork to collect data, computations, mapping, and stakeouts. Surveying is used for applications such as boundary delineation, construction, and topographic mapping.
This document outlines the course content for Basic Principles in Surveying I. Over 15 weeks, topics such as chain surveying, levelling, theodolites, compass surveying, and mapping will be covered. Accuracy and precision in measurements are emphasized, with checks on work to identify errors. Surveying aims to work from overall control points to detailed surveys, maintaining scientific honesty. The appropriate equipment selection balances required accuracy with cost. Errors are inevitable, despite best methods and equipment.
Modern surveying methods and instrumentsATHIRA B K
EDM uses modulated microwave or infrared signals to measure distance. The distance is determined by emitting multiple frequencies and calculating the number of wavelengths to the target. Total stations integrate EDM, digital data storage, and angle measurement to provide position coordinates of points. GPS uses satellite triangulation to determine 3D position within meters by measuring signals from four satellites. It has made surveying faster and more efficient but relies on clear satellite signals.
This document discusses using multi-sensor remote sensing to detect exposed and subsurface archaeological remains in eastern Crete. It summarizes how hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and lidar were used individually and together to map surface structures and detect anomalies underground that could indicate buried remains. While surface mapping was mostly successful, detecting subsurface remains proved more difficult, though thermal data showed the most promise. The study demonstrated the value of combining different sensor types to gain more archaeological information than from any single sensor alone.
The international spheroid is a mathematically defined ellipsoid that approximates the geoid and serves as a global reference surface. It has evolved over time from early regional spheroids to more accurate global versions. The present international spheroid is WGS-84, which was developed in the 1980s using improved data and techniques including data from satellite laser ranging, VLBI observations, and satellite radar altimetry. WGS-84 provides the foundation for global positioning systems and is accurate to within 1 meter globally.
this is the intro of surveying
content-types of survey ,uses of survey, pricipal of survey
FOR ALL POLYTECHNIC DIPLOMA STUDENT I HAVE ALL THE MATERIALS OF THIS TYPE FOR YOU . YOU CAN DISCOVER ALL ON MY PROFILE I ONLY HAVE DIPLOM MATERIAL .
Geomorphology and GIS Analysis for Mapping Gully Erosion Susceptibility in Ta...ijtsrd
This study aim at performing geomorphological and GIS Analysis to map gully erosion susceptibility in Taraba State. GIS and Remote sensing integrated with Erodibility Variables Soil, Landuse and Erosivity Variables Elevation Aspect, plan Curvature, Stream Power index SPI , Topographic Wetness Index TWI , Length Slope Factor LSF were used in mapping gully erosion susceptibility. All Erosive Variables were automatically derived from SRTM DEM http earthexplorer.usgs.gov and were analyzed using 3D Analyst and Spatial Analyst Extensions of ArcGIS 10.1. The result shows that 2 are of very High Susceptibility, 33 High Susceptibility, 37 Moderate Susceptibility and 28 Low no Susceptibility. Idakwo Victor Iko-Ojo | Mark Ma’aku Joshua | Idakwo Francis Akoji "Geomorphology and GIS Analysis for Mapping Gully Erosion Susceptibility in Taraba State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33136.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/33136/geomorphology-and-gis-analysis-for-mapping-gully-erosion-susceptibility-in-taraba-state-nigeria/idakwo-victor-ikoojo
This document discusses modern surveying techniques and technologies. It begins by defining surveying and its objectives such as collecting field data and preparing maps. It then describes several key pieces of modern surveying equipment - digital levels, electro-magnetic distance measurement instruments (EDMI), total stations, and remote sensing. For each, it provides details on how they work, their features and applications. Remote sensing in particular discusses how satellite imagery can support disaster management activities such as mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery for cyclones, earthquakes, floods and other hazards.
The document summarizes the Geoid Slope Validation Survey 2017 conducted by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey along Highway 160 in Colorado. The survey involved establishing 221 new monuments along 221 miles of highway with over 1250 meters of elevation change to validate the accuracy of NOAA's gravimetric geoid model. The survey involved GPS observations, leveling measurements, gravity measurements, and zenith camera imaging at each monument to directly measure geoid heights and slopes in the rugged terrain. This was the third phase of validation surveys, following previous efforts in flat areas of Texas and Iowa.
Use of Satellite Data for Feasibility Study And Preliminary Design Project Re...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In the developing countries like India, need of infrastructure is very high as compared to the available resources. The various organizations put their demands to state and center government for sanction of their project, government depends upon its various department to provide an approximate cost so that priorities can be assigned. The conventional procedure depends upon the land surveying, collection of data from various departments resulting in delay in necessary decision making or some time shelving due to unreasonable cost estimate due to field data being very old. Survey of India, The National Survey and Mapping Organization single handily taking this responsibility thus up gradation of data is far behind the actual development. From the satellite data, which is available in the form of images and terrains (even in 3d LiDAR points for some areas) is very useful for Feasibility Study, and Preliminary Project Report. In the present study natural drain named „Chai Nala‟ meanders through the prime property of Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA) thus making a big chunk of commercial land inoperative. It was proposed to straighten and channelize to reclaim the land from drain regime. Being the precious land department wanted the most economical and technically sound design without taking any risk. It was decided to counter check the hydraulic data, ground profile, acquired from the Punjab Irrigation Department with the satellite data and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The data from the Google Earth was acquired using Cad Earth software and water shed analysis was carried out using Autodesk Civil 3D software. Comparison of results shows that this technique is quite useful and can be for preliminary feasibility and project preparation. Thus saving huge money and time.
Development of Methodology for Determining Earth Work Volume Using Combined S...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
GPS uses signals from satellites to determine location on Earth. A GPS receiver measures the travel time of signals from at least 3 satellites to calculate the user's position via trilateration. Each satellite continuously transmits a radio signal carrying a unique identifying code and the satellite's exact location. By measuring distances to multiple satellites, a receiver can determine latitude, longitude, and altitude with accuracy within a few meters. The Global Positioning System consists of 24 orbiting satellites maintained by the US Department of Defense to provide precise navigation worldwide.
The document discusses testing of geolocation systems. It provides an overview of geolocation, including definitions and importance. It then outlines the speaker's experience and work testing GIS systems. The rest of the document details approaches to testing geolocation, including simulating calls, checking responses and databases, and verifying accuracy. It also discusses common data formats, projections, tools like PostGIS and QGIS, and potential bugs to watch for like coordinate jumbling. The conclusion emphasizes starting simple, practicing to improve, and for tests to grow with knowledge as geolocation is important for future IT.
Ooms - Cognitive user evaluation of digital maps: findings and challengesswenney
This document summarizes Kristien Ooms' research on cognitive user evaluation of digital maps using eye tracking methods. The research aims to understand how map users read, interpret, store and use visual information on screen maps. It involves two parts - the first examines basic map design using simple maps, and the second examines complex realistic maps. The research finds that expert map users have shorter fixations, more fixations per second, and can locate information faster than novices. It also finds that experts can retrieve more information from maps by storing it in larger chunks in working memory.
Popelka - The role of hill-shading in tourist maps: an eye-tracking studyswenney
This document summarizes an eye-tracking study that evaluated the role of hill-shading in tourist maps. The study tested 40 respondents on tasks involving finding hills and villages on maps with and without hill-shading. Eye movements were recorded and various metrics like fixation count and scanpath length were analyzed. Results showed that while respondents preferred hill-shaded maps, the eye tracking metrics indicated less efficient searching on those maps, especially when trying to find villages. It was more difficult to find villages than hills, and hill-shading made finding villages even harder. The type of task (finding a hill or village) had a statistically significant impact on all eye tracking metrics.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the accuracy of GPS and automatic level instruments for topographic surveying. The study collected elevation data using both instruments at points in a study area in Iraq. The data was input into GIS software to create contour maps and digital elevation models (DEMs) from each dataset. The accuracy of the DEMs was then evaluated and compared. The results showed the effect that the source data, DEM resolution, and ground control point distribution had on accuracy. This allowed the study to assess the relative accuracy and effectiveness of GPS versus automatic leveling for topographic data collection and DEM generation.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the accuracy of GPS and automatic level instruments for topographic surveying. Researchers collected elevation data for 25 points in the study area using both a GPS receiver and an automatic level. They then used ArcGIS to create contour maps and digital elevation models from each dataset. The results showed that the GPS data had lower standard deviation and was therefore more accurate than the automatic level data. However, automatic leveling remains a cost-effective method for small study areas. The integration of GPS and GIS techniques allows for efficient processing and analysis of spatial data to produce high accuracy topographic maps and DEMs.
GNSS/GPS systems enable precise positioning using signals from satellites. Consumer-grade receivers provide positions within 5 meters, while survey-grade systems can achieve precision of a few centimeters with post-processing. Earth scientists use GNSS to track ground movement, map topography, and monitor hazards, providing both direct benefits like early warning systems and indirect benefits like furthering scientific understanding.
GNSS/GPS systems enable precise positioning using signals from satellites. Consumer-grade receivers provide positions within 5 meters, while survey-grade systems can achieve precision of a few centimeters with post-processing. Earth scientists use GNSS to track ground movement, map topography, and monitor hazards, providing both direct benefits like early warning systems and indirect benefits like furthering scientific understanding.
1) Deep learning is being applied to tasks in Earth observation like land cover mapping, vegetation biomass estimation, 3D building reconstruction, anomaly detection, and simulating remote sensing images.
2) There are unique challenges in applying deep learning to Earth observation data including the curved surface of the Earth, different acquisition geometries, sparse and heterogeneous data, and integrating multiple data sources and dimensions.
3) Examples of deep learning applications presented include using convolutional autoencoders to detect anomalies in remote sensing images, incorporating Lidar data to improve biomass estimation from SAR images, and using generative models to simulate SAR images from optical images.
Jan Brus - User study for representing the spatial data uncertainty in land c...swenney
This document summarizes a user study on representing spatial data uncertainty in land cover maps. The study tested 8 different uncertainty visualization methods on 14 participants using eye tracking. It measured fixation duration, number of fixations, and other metrics. The top performing methods were transparent grid, transparent circles, and partially grid-width of line, as they had shorter fixation lengths and fewer fixations. However, these methods have issues with implementation and quantification. The study had limitations like a small sample size and specific tasks. Future work should include more respondents, visualization of multiple uncertainty components, and comparison to past research.
GPS has evolved since its development in the 1970s by the US Department of Defense. It was originally intended for military use but has grown to support many civilian applications. GPS uses a constellation of satellites that transmit timing and location data to receivers, which use triangulation to calculate the user's precise position. It has applications in navigation, tracking, emergency services, and more. A survey found that while GPS is commonly used for transportation, respondents felt it could benefit other sectors as well and its future trends are promising. However, some have privacy concerns about its growing use.
1. The document discusses using AI planning techniques like deep reinforcement learning to optimize image collection for mapping small celestial bodies.
2. Benchmark tests on asteroid models show the AI approach can decrease data collection while increasing mapping quality and speeding up the mapping process compared to current methods.
3. Additional validation tests demonstrate the AI approach is robust to uncertainties and can generalize to unseen celestial bodies, achieving near ideal mapping results with fewer images than other techniques.
1) The study tested how expert users interact with animated versus non-animated maps to understand the narrative of floods impacting a railway network.
2) The results found no significant difference in efficiency between map types, but animated maps influenced user confidence and hesitation. Information retrieval tasks were easier than analyzing causality.
3) Two questions had ambiguous wording, influencing the results. Additionally, question complexity likely had a greater impact than map type.
4) Future work could involve controlling task types by using standardized sets from other domains to improve reproducibility and comparison across studies.
This document describes a surveying project conducted by a group of students from the Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering at Tribhuwan University. It provides an overview of the objectives and methodology for conducting topographic surveying, bridge site surveying, road alignment surveying, and an introduction to geographic information systems. The group's project involved topographic mapping, bridge site data collection, horizontal and vertical road alignment design, and cross-section surveying at a field site along the Kali Khola river.
Using Wii Technology to Explore Real Spaces Via Virtual Environments for People Who Are Blind by H. Gedalevitz, O. Lahav, S. Battersby, D. Brown, L. Evett and P. Merritt
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Supporting situation awareness on the move - the role of technology for spatial orientation in the field
1. Björn JE Johansson, Charlotte Hellgren,
Per-Anders Oskarsson, and Jonathan Svensson
bjorn.j.e.johansson@foi.se
Swedish Defence Research Agency
Supporting situation awareness on the move - the role
of technology for spatial orientation in the field
5. Research questions (i)
• How precisely can people remember and
accurately indicate the direction (by pointing) to
five different objects beyond visible range while
traversing in wooded terrain?
6. Research questions (ii)
• To what degree are people supported by state of
the art technology such as digital maps, GPS
and electronic compass when indicating the
direction to five different objects while traversing
in wooded terrain?
7. Research questions (iii)
• Are there adverse effects, for example time
needed to complete a task like indicating
directions to objects beyond visible range, when
using technologies such as digital maps, GPS
and electronic compass?
8. Research questions (iv)
• What type of spatial test (self-rating, spatial
visualization or spatial orientation) is the best
predictor of success in terms of how accurately
people can indicate the direction to five different
objects beyond visible range while traversing in
wooded terrain?
9. Design (i)
• Experimental task – navigate a route with three stations,
• At the start – presentation of five objects
• At each station – indicating the direction to the five objects.
• Two conditions:
– With GPS
– Without GPS
10. Design (ii)
• 16 persons (8 women and 8 men) between the
ages 19-42 (mean age 25.4) years participated.
• Within groups design
– Order balanced over conditions
11. Design (iii)
• A GPS-receiver with an electronic compass and a digital map
(Garmin GPSmap 62stc with the map database “Friluftskartan PRO
v2) was used for navigation.
• A Pocket Laser Range Finder (PLRF 15C from Vextronix AG) was
used for indication of direction when the pointing task was
performed. It was mounted on a tripod (Manfrotto 190B). The
accuracy of the PLRF device is ±4°.
12. Design (iv)
• Before the test began, the participants
completed three different spatial tests:
– Santa Barbara Sense of Direction
– Paper folding test
– Perspective taking test
Ekstrom, French & Hartman (1979)
Kozhevnikov & Hegarty (2001)
13. Design (v)
• Measures
– Precision of indication task (deviation in degrees from
correct direction)
– Performance time of pointing task
– Ratings of mental workload (1=Low – 7=High)
– Results on spatial tests
14. Results (i)
Start Stn 1 Stn 2 Stn 3
Sample points
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Deviation(degrees)
Without GPS
With GPS
Error Bars ±1 SE
Precision on the indication task – measured as deviation from correct direction
• Main effect of GPS-
condition (p < .001)
• Main effect of Sample
Points (p < .001)
• Significant interaction
between GPS-condition
and Sample Points
(p < .001)
15. Results (ii)
Correlation between performance on the perspective taking test and
precision on the indication task – measured as deviation from correct direction
r = .64
R2 = .41
16. Results (iii)
Without GPS With GPS
GPS-condition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Deviation(degrees)
High spatial performance
Low spatial performance
Error Bars ±1 SE
Precision on the indication task – measured as deviation from correct direction.
Participants with high and low spatial performance separately.
• Significant interaction
between Spatial Test and
GPS-condition (p = .031)
• Post hoc: High spatial
performance –> higher
precision without GPS
(p = .037)
17. Results (iv)
Without GPS With GPS
GPS-condition
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Performancetime(s)
Performance time for indication of direction
Error Bars ±1 SE
• Significantly longer
performance time
with GPS (p < .001)
18. Results (v)
Ratings of mental workload of navigating to stations, remembering object
locations, and estimating directions, and physical demands (1=Low – 7=High)
• Significant main effect of
• GPS-condition (p = .002)
• Significant main effect of
Type of Demand (p = .001)
• Significant interaction
between GPS-condition and
type of demand (p < .001)
19. Summary Results
• Indication of direction” – significantly higher
precision with GPS.
• Performance time – significantly longer with
GPS.
• The Perspective taking test – significant
correlation with performance without GPS.
• Mental workload – ratings generally lower with
GPS.
20. Conclusions (i)
• To keep a reasonable stable and adequate level
of spatial awareness in terms of being able to
indicate direction to several objects while
traversing, a technical aid like a GPS is clearly
needed.
21. Conclusions (ii)
• Having a technical aid during indication of
direction decreased the mental workload
associated with the indication task considerably
22. Conclusion (iii)
• Using GPS-support demanded significantly more
time to perform the task of indicating direction.
23. Conclusion (iv)
• The perspective taking test may be used as a
tool for assessing spatial ability for these types
of problems.