Elm3 chart12 10

1. Section A

2. Speakers often want to express an opinion or lack of
certainty about something. One way they do this is
with a main clause containing a mental verb (such as
think, know, guess, etc.) + noun clause. For example:
I think it’s delicious.
main clause noun clause
I guess she left early.
I don’t think I’ll get there in time.

3. I don’t know if he’s right.
main clause noun clause
I don’t care if you stay there.
I wonder if anyone will come.

4. Speakers often use I think/I guess + noun clause to
soften a suggestion. For example:
You should call him.
I think you should call him.
You should go to the lecture.
I guess you really should go to the lecture.
They can also add other “softening” words, such as
maybe, perhaps, probably, and really. For example:

5. Section B

6. We sometimes want to contradict someone (say the
opposite). To do this, we often use a demonstrative
pronoun (usually that) + be + not + wh- clause. For
example:
No, that’s not what I said.
So you’re leaving early tomorrow?A.
B.
Yes, but that’s not why we’re going.
I hear you’re going to LA to see the Rose Bowl.A.
B.

7. Section C

8. Sometimes we want to put extra focus on one part of a
sentence. We can use a special type of wh- clause to
do this. The wh- clause signals that important
information is coming next. This use of wh- clauses is
common in academic lectures. For example, compare:
I’d like to welcome you to this course, Introduction to
Anthropology. My name is Dr. Hale and I’m the professor.
This course is going to be a general introduction
to the study of anthropology.
I’d like to welcome you to this course, Introduction to
Anthropology. My name is Dr. Hale and I’m the professor.
a general introduction
to the study of anthropology.
What this course is going to be is

9. These wh- clauses usually have this form: wh- clause +
be + one of the following: noun, gerund, to- infinitive,
or noun clause. For example:
What I love the most is
noun
What I love is
gerund
(chocolate is a noun.)
(spending time with my family is a gerund.)
chocolate.
spending time with my family.

10. These wh- clauses are called wh- clefts.
What I want is
to- infinitive
What this means is
noun clause
(to understand the problem better is a to- infinitive.)
(that you need to take good notes is a noun clause.)
to understand the problem better.
that you need to take good notes.