The document discusses key concepts of leadership including forecasting, planning, organizing, motivating, directing, coordinating, and controlling. It provides definitions and explanations of each concept. Forecasting involves making assumptions about likely outcomes based on strategies. Planning involves construction planning processes like bar charts, arrow networking, and cash flow. Organizing arranges resources and specifies roles, responsibilities, and authority. Motivation theories attempt to explain how to boost employee morale. Directing guides employees and provides leadership, instructions, and supervision. Coordinating unifies efforts toward common goals. Controlling keeps activities in check and verifies performance against standards.
This document discusses project planning techniques including Gantt charts, bar charts, and critical path method (CPM) networking. It explains that Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of project elements, bar charts can show task dependencies or be used for status updates. CPM involves representing activities as arrows on a network diagram to show sequence and dependencies. The document also describes the roles of engineers and technicians in non-destructive testing (NDT) and what site diaries typically include such as weather, materials used, plant status and instructions. Maintaining accurate site diaries provides records for disputes and helps site managers meet obligations.
The document discusses several key steps and concepts in project planning and scheduling including:
1) Scope which defines the project boundaries and feasibility.
2) Scheduling which must manage parallelism, dependencies, and avoid bad scheduling.
3) Critical path method which identifies the longest path of activities determining minimum project duration.
4) Gantt charts and precedence diagrams which illustrate project schedules, dependencies, and status.
5) Time estimates and risk which are important inputs for scheduling activities and contingencies.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai asas cerucuk dan penanamannya. Ia menjelaskan jenis-jenis cerucuk seperti cerucuk konkrit, kayu, dan baja serta rekabentuk dan kegunaannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan jenis peralatan perlantakan cerucuk seperti penukul jatuh bebas, diesel, dan hidraulik serta proses penanaman dan pengujian cerucuk.
The document discusses key concepts of leadership including forecasting, planning, organizing, motivating, directing, coordinating, and controlling. It provides definitions and explanations of each concept. Forecasting involves making assumptions about likely outcomes based on strategies. Planning involves construction planning processes like bar charts, arrow networking, and cash flow. Organizing arranges resources and specifies roles, responsibilities, and authority. Motivation theories attempt to explain how to boost employee morale. Directing guides employees and provides leadership, instructions, and supervision. Coordinating unifies efforts toward common goals. Controlling keeps activities in check and verifies performance against standards.
This document discusses project planning techniques including Gantt charts, bar charts, and critical path method (CPM) networking. It explains that Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of project elements, bar charts can show task dependencies or be used for status updates. CPM involves representing activities as arrows on a network diagram to show sequence and dependencies. The document also describes the roles of engineers and technicians in non-destructive testing (NDT) and what site diaries typically include such as weather, materials used, plant status and instructions. Maintaining accurate site diaries provides records for disputes and helps site managers meet obligations.
The document discusses several key steps and concepts in project planning and scheduling including:
1) Scope which defines the project boundaries and feasibility.
2) Scheduling which must manage parallelism, dependencies, and avoid bad scheduling.
3) Critical path method which identifies the longest path of activities determining minimum project duration.
4) Gantt charts and precedence diagrams which illustrate project schedules, dependencies, and status.
5) Time estimates and risk which are important inputs for scheduling activities and contingencies.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai asas cerucuk dan penanamannya. Ia menjelaskan jenis-jenis cerucuk seperti cerucuk konkrit, kayu, dan baja serta rekabentuk dan kegunaannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan jenis peralatan perlantakan cerucuk seperti penukul jatuh bebas, diesel, dan hidraulik serta proses penanaman dan pengujian cerucuk.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan tentang industri pembinaan, pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam industri tersebut seperti kontraktor, subkontraktor, arkitek, jurutera dan pekerja-pekerja di tapak pembinaan serta tugas-tugas organisasi di tapak pembinaan.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang konkrit, bahan yang terbuat dari campuran semen, pasir, dan batu. Ia menjelaskan bahwa kekuatan konkrit bergantung pada rasio campurannya, dan kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan dan proses pembuatannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan karakteristik dan aplikasi utama konkrit serta uji kekuatan yang dilakukan.
Dokumen tender ialah dokumen yang mengandungi semua maklumat yang diperlukan oleh kontraktor bagi mentaksirkan harga projek yang ditawarkan. Dokumen tender juga dikenali sebagai dokumen tawaran.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
The sand replacement test determines the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. The test involves excavating a soil sample, measuring its mass, and replacing the excavated volume with sand of a known density to find the sample volume. This allows calculating the dry density based on the sample mass and volume. The test establishes a relationship between dry density and moisture content. It is used to evaluate compaction levels in the field according to acceptance criteria for different depths.
This report describes an experiment to determine the flakiness index of an aggregate sample. The sample was sieved into different size fractions and particles that passed through thickness gauge slots less than 0.6 times their mean sieve size were considered flaky. Based on the mass of flaky particles measured, the flakiness index of the sample was calculated to be 5.6%, which meets the maximum 20% required by JKR standards. While some experimental error occurred, the conclusion is that the sample's flakiness level is acceptable for highway construction if proper compaction is performed to limit voids.
The document provides information about a site investigation using a Mackintosh probe at a proposed school site. It includes an introduction to site investigations and the purpose of using a Mackintosh probe. Details are given about the equipment, procedures, and sample logs of penetration resistance readings from six probe locations. The conclusion compares the Mackintosh probe to JKR probes and notes limitations of the Mackintosh probe. References for further information are also included.
1. The document describes an experiment to determine the reactions at supports of a continuous beam subjected to point loads and uniformly distributed loads. Reactions are measured using load cells and compared to theoretical calculations.
2. For a beam with a point load, measured reactions were within 12% of calculations. For a beam with uniform loading, measured reactions matched calculations within 4% except at one support where they matched exactly.
3. Differences between measured and calculated reactions are likely due to imperfections in the old laboratory apparatus and effects of airflow on measurements. The experiment successfully validated the theoretical reactions within an acceptable margin of error.
Kontrak ialah suatu perjanjian yang dimeterai apabila satu pihak bersetuju menerima tawaran daripada satu pihak yang lain. Kontrak akan dimeterai apabila kedua-dua belah pihak, klien/majikan dan kontraktor mengikat perjanjian.
This document discusses incentives and rewards in the workplace. It explains that incentives and rewards are effective ways to motivate employees and create a win-win situation for employers and employees. It provides examples of different types of incentives including monetary rewards like bonuses and stock options, non-monetary rewards like flexible work hours and training, employee recognition through praise and awards, and employee assistance programs that support workers' well-being. The document concludes with thanking the reader and offering a question and answer session.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai teknologi pemeliharaan ikan hiasan. Ia menjelaskan tentang jenis-jenis ikan hiasan populer seperti ikan guppy dan ikan emas, serta cara merawat dan membiakkan kedua-dua jenis ikan tersebut. Langkah-langkah penting seperti persiapan akuarium, pemilihan ikan, dan pemberian makanan ditekankan untuk memastikan kejayaan dalam pemeliharaan ikan
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan tentang industri pembinaan, pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam industri tersebut seperti kontraktor, subkontraktor, arkitek, jurutera dan pekerja-pekerja di tapak pembinaan serta tugas-tugas organisasi di tapak pembinaan.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang konkrit, bahan yang terbuat dari campuran semen, pasir, dan batu. Ia menjelaskan bahwa kekuatan konkrit bergantung pada rasio campurannya, dan kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan dan proses pembuatannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan karakteristik dan aplikasi utama konkrit serta uji kekuatan yang dilakukan.
Dokumen tender ialah dokumen yang mengandungi semua maklumat yang diperlukan oleh kontraktor bagi mentaksirkan harga projek yang ditawarkan. Dokumen tender juga dikenali sebagai dokumen tawaran.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
The sand replacement test determines the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. The test involves excavating a soil sample, measuring its mass, and replacing the excavated volume with sand of a known density to find the sample volume. This allows calculating the dry density based on the sample mass and volume. The test establishes a relationship between dry density and moisture content. It is used to evaluate compaction levels in the field according to acceptance criteria for different depths.
This report describes an experiment to determine the flakiness index of an aggregate sample. The sample was sieved into different size fractions and particles that passed through thickness gauge slots less than 0.6 times their mean sieve size were considered flaky. Based on the mass of flaky particles measured, the flakiness index of the sample was calculated to be 5.6%, which meets the maximum 20% required by JKR standards. While some experimental error occurred, the conclusion is that the sample's flakiness level is acceptable for highway construction if proper compaction is performed to limit voids.
The document provides information about a site investigation using a Mackintosh probe at a proposed school site. It includes an introduction to site investigations and the purpose of using a Mackintosh probe. Details are given about the equipment, procedures, and sample logs of penetration resistance readings from six probe locations. The conclusion compares the Mackintosh probe to JKR probes and notes limitations of the Mackintosh probe. References for further information are also included.
1. The document describes an experiment to determine the reactions at supports of a continuous beam subjected to point loads and uniformly distributed loads. Reactions are measured using load cells and compared to theoretical calculations.
2. For a beam with a point load, measured reactions were within 12% of calculations. For a beam with uniform loading, measured reactions matched calculations within 4% except at one support where they matched exactly.
3. Differences between measured and calculated reactions are likely due to imperfections in the old laboratory apparatus and effects of airflow on measurements. The experiment successfully validated the theoretical reactions within an acceptable margin of error.
Kontrak ialah suatu perjanjian yang dimeterai apabila satu pihak bersetuju menerima tawaran daripada satu pihak yang lain. Kontrak akan dimeterai apabila kedua-dua belah pihak, klien/majikan dan kontraktor mengikat perjanjian.
This document discusses incentives and rewards in the workplace. It explains that incentives and rewards are effective ways to motivate employees and create a win-win situation for employers and employees. It provides examples of different types of incentives including monetary rewards like bonuses and stock options, non-monetary rewards like flexible work hours and training, employee recognition through praise and awards, and employee assistance programs that support workers' well-being. The document concludes with thanking the reader and offering a question and answer session.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai teknologi pemeliharaan ikan hiasan. Ia menjelaskan tentang jenis-jenis ikan hiasan populer seperti ikan guppy dan ikan emas, serta cara merawat dan membiakkan kedua-dua jenis ikan tersebut. Langkah-langkah penting seperti persiapan akuarium, pemilihan ikan, dan pemberian makanan ditekankan untuk memastikan kejayaan dalam pemeliharaan ikan
minimum qualification to be an civil engineer and facts of what so interesting to be a civil engineer.
kelayakan minimum untuk menjadi seorang jurutera sivil dan fakta-fakta apa yang begitu menarik untuk menjadi seorang jurutera awam.
(Dual Language)
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two fluids through tube walls. There are two main types: tubular and extended surface. Tubular exchangers include shell-and-tube, U-tube, and double pipe designs. Shell-and-tube exchangers contain tubes in a shell separated by baffles to direct flow. Heat is transferred through the tube walls from one fluid inside the tubes to the other outside. Manufacturing involves forming, welding, inspection, assembly, testing, and documentation. Materials, design, fabrication, and testing must meet codes and standards.
Troubleshooting in Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
5 GENERAL APPRAISAL OF PROBLEM
5.1 Is the Problem Real?
5.2 What Is the Magnitude of the Problem?
5.3 Is it the Column or the Associated Equipment which is Causing the Problem?
6 PROBLEMS IN THE COLUMN
6.1 Capacity Problems
6.2 Efficiency Problems
7 PROBLEMS OUTSIDE THE COLUMN
7.1 Effect of Other Units on Column Performance
7.2 Column Control System
7.3 Improper Operating Conditions
7.4 Auxiliary Equipment
8 USEFUL BACKGROUND READING
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING
2 DETERMINATION OF COLUMN CAPACITY
A training seminar on induction furnace by stead fast engineers pvt ltdsteadfast123
A training seminar on induction furnace by stead fast engineers pvt ltd. find here Induction Furnace manufacturers,
Induction heater manufacturers,
Induction Billet heater Manufacturers,
Induction Melting furnace manufacturers,
Induction Furnace Manufacturers in India,
Induction Billet heater manufacturers in India,
Induction heating system,
Induction Melting Furnace for your source need.
The document provides an overview of an industrial training at Reliance Industries Limited's refinery in Jamnagar, India. It discusses the refining process, including fractional distillation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers. Key components of an oil refinery are described, such as desalters, heat exchangers, storage tanks, pumps, compressors, and piping. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used and their components and operating characteristics like Net Positive Suction Head are explained. The training helped link the student's classroom knowledge to practical applications in industry.
This document provides assembly, component, and maintenance details for a floating head heat exchanger. It includes general assembly and cross-sectional views labeling major components like the shell, tube bundle, floating head, and distributor. Step-by-step maintenance procedures are described for activities like removing the bundle, hydrotesting the shell and tube sides, eliminating tube leaks, and final hydrotesting before unit startup. Safety and proper housekeeping during maintenance are emphasized.
The document summarizes new features in the latest release of Oracle's Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management software. Key highlights include new HTML5 views to replace Java applets for improved usability, performance improvements for Primavera P6 Professional, and enhancements to mobile apps, global search functionality, and cloud services. The presentation provides an overview of the new features and their benefits for different industries.
Dokumen tersebut membincangkan proses pembangunan multimedia, termasuk prinsip antarmuka pengguna, peranan ahli pasukan pembangun, dan fasa-fasa produksi multimedia seperti analisis, reka bentuk, pelaksanaan, pengujian, penilaian, dan penerbitan.
this ppt is made with the reference of heat exchangers that have been used in NHFI, it almost covers their every aspect that is their working, maintenance, and safety !!
so please suit yourself!!!
A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are several types of heat exchangers, including parallel-flow, counter-flow, cross-flow, double pipe, shell and tube, plate, and spiral. Heat exchangers are widely used in applications like heating, cooling, chemical processes, and power generation to efficiently exchange heat between fluids. Proper selection and maintenance of heat exchangers depends on factors such as temperature ranges, pressure, materials, fouling potential, and cleanability.
Kejuruteraan pembinaan merupakan satu bidang yang menjalankan aktiviti pembangunan dan infrastruktur untuk kegunaan manusia. Pelaksanaan aktiviti pembangunan ini melibatkan pihak berkuasa awam dan swasta serta kakitangan teknikal. Selain itu, ia juga melibatkan proses kerja, fasa dan peringkat-peringkat kerja pembinaan.
Kejuruteraan pembinaan merupakan satu bidang yang menjalankan aktiviti pembangunan dan infrastruktur untuk kegunaan manusia. Pelaksanaan aktiviti pembangunan ini melibatkan pihak berkuasa awam dan swasta serta kakitangan teknikal. Selain itu, ia juga melibatkan proses kerja, fasa dan peringkat-peringkat kerja pembinaan.
Pengurusan Projek merupakan satu cabang daripada bidang pengurusan dimana ianya merupakan gabungan antara perancangan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawalan
Iklan menawarkan produk bernama PhytoScience yang didakwa mampu menyembuhkan penyakit kronik dan mengembalikan kemudaan kulit. Produk ini menjanjikan kesan dalam 3 jam, menjamin 100% kesan, dan mampu menyembuhkan penyakit seperti kanser tahap 4. Iklan ini menawarkan diskon hingga RM650 untuk pembelian sebelum 30 September 2014.
Dokumen tersebut mempromosikan produk Double Stem Cell dan Triple Stem Cell dari perusahaan PhytoScience. Produk tersebut mengandung ekstrak sel batang epal, anggur, acai, dan blueberry yang diklaim mampu menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit termasuk kanker, stroke, dan diabetes. Dokumen tersebut juga mempromosikan program kemitraan untuk menjual produk tersebut sebagai cara menambah pendapatan.
Projek pembinaan memerlukan pengurusan yang berbeza bergantung pada saiz, lokasi, jenis struktur dan faktor-faktor lain. Rekabentuk dan kaedah pembinaan perlu mengambil kira ciri-ciri unik setiap projek untuk memastikan ia disiapkan mengikut matlamat masa, kos dan kualiti yang ditetapkan.
This document provides an introduction to Microsoft Project (MS Project) software for project management. It explains that project managers are responsible for the success of the projects they manage and tools like MS Project can assist with resources, budgets, plans, and contracts. The document defines what project management entails, including all phases from scheduling to delivery while accounting for float. It then discusses why MS Project is useful and provides steps for creating a project in MS Project, such as setting a title, displaying it as a summary task, and defining tasks.
1) The document describes procedures for measuring hydrostatic force using a water vessel and scale. Weights are added incrementally while measuring the water level.
2) Data is recorded for appended weight, lever arm length, water level, calculated lever arm, resultant force, and moments.
3) Sources of error are discussed, such as neglecting the weight of the balance and reading errors, which could explain discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values of the center of pressure.
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including its key components and purposes. Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of concrete, which resists compression well but has low tensile strength, and steel reinforcing bars, which resist tension well. Together they create an economical and strong structural material. The document outlines structural elements, design considerations for safety, reliability, and economy, and limit state design principles which ensure structures do not fail under expected loads. It also discusses factors that affect concrete durability and different failure modes in reinforced concrete depending on steel reinforcement ratios.
Center of pressure and hydrostatic force on a submerged body revNatalie Ulza
This document describes an experiment to determine the center of pressure and hydrostatic force on a submerged body. The objectives are to understand hydrostatic pressure distribution and verify the location of the center of pressure. The apparatus is a ring-shaped water vessel mounted on a pivot, allowing measurement of the moment due to hydrostatic pressure. The theory section explains how hydrostatic pressure varies with depth and how this relates to the resultant force and center of pressure on a submerged surface. Calculations are provided for determining these values for the apparatus based on measurements of water level and applied weight. The procedure describes how to set up and perform the experiment.
This document summarizes experiments conducted to determine the effect of coagulant dosage and pH on turbidity reduction. One-factor-at-a-time experiments identified the best dosage at pH 7 (0.5 NTU) and pH 6.5 (0.2 NTU). Response surface methodology further optimized the process, achieving the lowest turbidity of 0.02 NTU at pH 7.4 and 106 mg/L coagulant dosage. Analysis showed coagulant dosage, pH, and their interaction significantly affected turbidity. Response surface design more effectively determined the interactive effects of multiple factors compared to one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
Dokumen tersebut membahas berbagai jenis penyakit, termasuk penyakit menular seperti malaria, influenza, dan AIDS; penyakit tidak menular seperti kanker dan stroke; dan penyebab penyakit seperti pencemaran, vektor seperti nyamuk, dan hubungan seksual. Dokumen ini juga memberikan contoh penyakit seperti chikungunya, flu burung, dan penyakit tangan kaki dan mulut.
2. Berperanan
secara umum
untuk mentadbir
dan mengurus
perjalanan
projek.
Ia akan mengambil
alih peranan
arkitek sebagai
ketua perunding
sekiranya arkitek
tiada.
Pengurus
projek
Segala masalah
dalam kumpulan
perunding akan
dinyatakan terus
arkitek.
Keputusan yg di
keluarkan oleh
pengurusan projek
pula tidak boleh
memihak kepada
pihak tertentu.
5. Kelayakan asas seseorang Pengurus Projek
PENGETAHUAN
TEKNIKAL
Aspek ini lebih
menumpukan kepada aspek
reka bentuk, kejuruteraan,
pembinaan, ekonomi
pembinaan, prosedur
kontrak, perundangan,
perancangan dan
pengurusan
PENGETAHUAN
BUKAN TEKNIKAL
Aspek ini pula tertumpu
kepada bidang
komunikasi, kewangan,
tadbiran awam,
pengurusan sumber
manusia dan hubungan
dengan semua pihak
6. Menyelaras semua aktiviti
projek
Penyediaan semua anggaran
Membuat saranan projek
Pentadbiran semua kontrak dan
pengeluaran semua sijil
Penetapan reka bentuk dan penyelidikan semua lukisan dan
spesifikasi untuk tender dan pembinaan
9. Kualiti
• Penekanan aspek kualiti
• Sesuatu projek dapat disiapkn awal dengan kos yang
rendah.
• Semasa pembinaan,jika sebahagian binaan tidak mengikut
kualiti yang ditetapkan,kemalangan dan kerosakan akan
berlaku.
• Kualiti pembinaan banyak bergantung kepada sistem
pengawasan kualiti sepanjang pembinaan.
• Pengawasan kualiti haruslah disokong oleh semua pihak
yang terlibat.
10. Alam Sekitar
• Untuk mencapai objektif sebenar
sesuatu projek,alam sekitar perlu
dititikberatkan.
• Tidak memotong tumbuhan dan
pokok tanpa kebenaran.
• Membuat semula sistem penanaman
di kawasan tapak bina
11. Sumber Tenaga Manusia & Teknik
•Teknik pembinaan perlu sesuai bagi
menjamin kualiti dan kos.
•Asset yang utama dalam industri
pembinaan ialah sumber tenaga
manusia dan pekerja.
•Majikan perlu mengambil inisiatif
dan bersikap positif terhadap pekerja.
•Antara teknik dan inisiatif ialah
memberi bonus,elaun
,motivasi,tempat tinggal sementara
dan sebagainya.
Keselamatan
•Adakalanya merbahaya dan
melibatkan beberapa masalah
kesihatan.
•Keselamatan pekerja dan orang awam
perlu diutamakan.
•Pengurus projek bertanggungjawab
untuk mematuhi undang-undang
spesifikasi serta mengawal daripada
berlaku kemalangan.
•Rancangan keselamatanadalah perlu
untuk menganalisis projek.