Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengenalan struktur dan asas-asasnya. Ia menjelaskan definisi struktur sebagai binaan kejuruteraan yang menanggung beban tanpa perubahan bentuk, dan membahagikan struktur kepada struktur jisim dan struktur kerangka. Kemudian ia menerangkan fungsi dan jenis-jenis asas yang digunakan untuk menerima dan mengagihkan beban ke tanah.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengenalan struktur dan asas-asasnya. Ia menjelaskan definisi struktur sebagai binaan kejuruteraan yang menanggung beban tanpa perubahan bentuk, dan membahagikan struktur kepada struktur jisim dan struktur kerangka. Kemudian ia menerangkan fungsi dan jenis-jenis asas yang digunakan untuk menerima dan mengagihkan beban ke tanah.
1. Ikhtiar hidup merujuk kepada usaha untuk terus hidup dan keluar dari keadaan yang membahayakan, seperti tersesat di hutan.
2. Pengetahuan ikhtiar hidup penting untuk menghadapi situasi seperti terpisah dari kumpulan, cuaca buruk, atau kemalangan.
3. Latihan ikhtiar hidup memberi pendedahan untuk mengatasi keadaan tersebut dengan keyakinan.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai sistem perlindungan kebakaran dalam bangunan. Ia menjelaskan unsur-unsur kebakaran, cara api merebak, kelas-kelas kebakaran, dan alat pemadam api. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan kaedah kawalan kebakaran secara pasif dan aktif, termasuk kompartmentasi, laluan keluar, perancangan tangga dan pintu keselamatan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang jenis kayu tempatan di Malaysia, proses pengeluarannya, dan kegunaannya. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan jenis-jenis kayu tempatan seperti kayu keras dan kayu lembut, proses pengeluaran kayu mulai dari penebangan, pemotongan, pengeringan, hingga pengawetan, serta kegunaan produk kayu seperti tiang, papan lapis, dan papan serpih.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang tempat kediaman, termasuk pengertian, jenis ruang, fungsi ruang, faktor keselesaan, pembersihan, penjagaan, dan pengaturan perabot dan peralatan. Tempat kediaman didefinisikan sebagai tempat tinggal yang memberi perlindungan dan keamanan seperti rumah atau asrama. Faktor-faktor keselesaan mencakup pencahayaan, ventilasi, lantai, warna, perabot, dan
Tanggam tanggam dalam kerja kayu dan pembinaan bangunanSiti Nur Ain
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Bab 4 mendiskusikan berbagai jenis tanggam dan kegunaannya dalam kerja kayu dan konstruksi bangunan. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan definisi tanggam, sejarah penggunaannya, kategori tanggam, dan cara membuat berbagai jenis tanggam seperti tanggam siku, pemidang, memanjang, dan melebar. Gambar juga ditampilkan untuk mengilustrasikan berbagai jenis tanggam.
MENGURUS KESELAMATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA : Mengurus Keselamatan DiriMee Ruu
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai keselamatan diri di tempat kerja, termasuk jenis-jenis alat perlindungan keselamatan, cara mengambil langkah keselamatan, dan tanda-tanda keselamatan yang harus dipatuhi. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan peraturan keselamatan yang harus dipatuhi di setiap tempat kerja untuk mencegah kecelakaan.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan mengenai sesi kerja kayu tanggam 1 tahun 2022/2023. Ia menyenaraikan nama pensyarah dan pelajar yang terlibat serta menjelaskan beberapa jenis tanggam yang penting termasuk tanggam siku, pemidang, memanjang dan melebar beserta contoh-contoh aplikasinya.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang konkrit, bahan yang terbuat dari campuran semen, pasir, dan batu. Ia menjelaskan bahwa kekuatan konkrit bergantung pada rasio campurannya, dan kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan dan proses pembuatannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan karakteristik dan aplikasi utama konkrit serta uji kekuatan yang dilakukan.
The document provides information on scaffolding safety training conducted by Mr. V N Parbhu at EERC Theramx Ltd. on September 24-25, 2012. It defines scaffolding and describes the main types of tubular scaffolding. It outlines the various parts of tubular scaffolding such as standards, ledgers, transoms, and couplers. The document discusses requirements for guardrails, toeboards, and access ladders on scaffolds. It also covers inspection procedures and checklists for competent persons, as well as applicable regulations from the Building and Other Construction Workers Act and Factories Act.
The document provides information on basic scaffolding, including an introduction, course content, types of scaffolds, scaffolding materials, tools, safety harnesses, and scafftags. The course content section outlines topics that will be covered, including what a scaffold is, different types of scaffolds, materials, tools, safety harnesses, and safe erection and dismantling procedures. It then provides descriptions and details about independent tied scaffolds, putlog scaffolds, bird cage tower scaffolds, roof saddle and stack scaffolds, and suspended scaffolds. The document also lists and describes common scaffolding materials and tools.
1. Ikhtiar hidup merujuk kepada usaha untuk terus hidup dan keluar dari keadaan yang membahayakan, seperti tersesat di hutan.
2. Pengetahuan ikhtiar hidup penting untuk menghadapi situasi seperti terpisah dari kumpulan, cuaca buruk, atau kemalangan.
3. Latihan ikhtiar hidup memberi pendedahan untuk mengatasi keadaan tersebut dengan keyakinan.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai sistem perlindungan kebakaran dalam bangunan. Ia menjelaskan unsur-unsur kebakaran, cara api merebak, kelas-kelas kebakaran, dan alat pemadam api. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan kaedah kawalan kebakaran secara pasif dan aktif, termasuk kompartmentasi, laluan keluar, perancangan tangga dan pintu keselamatan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang jenis kayu tempatan di Malaysia, proses pengeluarannya, dan kegunaannya. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan jenis-jenis kayu tempatan seperti kayu keras dan kayu lembut, proses pengeluaran kayu mulai dari penebangan, pemotongan, pengeringan, hingga pengawetan, serta kegunaan produk kayu seperti tiang, papan lapis, dan papan serpih.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang tempat kediaman, termasuk pengertian, jenis ruang, fungsi ruang, faktor keselesaan, pembersihan, penjagaan, dan pengaturan perabot dan peralatan. Tempat kediaman didefinisikan sebagai tempat tinggal yang memberi perlindungan dan keamanan seperti rumah atau asrama. Faktor-faktor keselesaan mencakup pencahayaan, ventilasi, lantai, warna, perabot, dan
Tanggam tanggam dalam kerja kayu dan pembinaan bangunanSiti Nur Ain
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Bab 4 mendiskusikan berbagai jenis tanggam dan kegunaannya dalam kerja kayu dan konstruksi bangunan. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan definisi tanggam, sejarah penggunaannya, kategori tanggam, dan cara membuat berbagai jenis tanggam seperti tanggam siku, pemidang, memanjang, dan melebar. Gambar juga ditampilkan untuk mengilustrasikan berbagai jenis tanggam.
MENGURUS KESELAMATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA : Mengurus Keselamatan DiriMee Ruu
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai keselamatan diri di tempat kerja, termasuk jenis-jenis alat perlindungan keselamatan, cara mengambil langkah keselamatan, dan tanda-tanda keselamatan yang harus dipatuhi. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan peraturan keselamatan yang harus dipatuhi di setiap tempat kerja untuk mencegah kecelakaan.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan mengenai sesi kerja kayu tanggam 1 tahun 2022/2023. Ia menyenaraikan nama pensyarah dan pelajar yang terlibat serta menjelaskan beberapa jenis tanggam yang penting termasuk tanggam siku, pemidang, memanjang dan melebar beserta contoh-contoh aplikasinya.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang konkrit, bahan yang terbuat dari campuran semen, pasir, dan batu. Ia menjelaskan bahwa kekuatan konkrit bergantung pada rasio campurannya, dan kualitasnya dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan dan proses pembuatannya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan karakteristik dan aplikasi utama konkrit serta uji kekuatan yang dilakukan.
The document provides information on scaffolding safety training conducted by Mr. V N Parbhu at EERC Theramx Ltd. on September 24-25, 2012. It defines scaffolding and describes the main types of tubular scaffolding. It outlines the various parts of tubular scaffolding such as standards, ledgers, transoms, and couplers. The document discusses requirements for guardrails, toeboards, and access ladders on scaffolds. It also covers inspection procedures and checklists for competent persons, as well as applicable regulations from the Building and Other Construction Workers Act and Factories Act.
The document provides information on basic scaffolding, including an introduction, course content, types of scaffolds, scaffolding materials, tools, safety harnesses, and scafftags. The course content section outlines topics that will be covered, including what a scaffold is, different types of scaffolds, materials, tools, safety harnesses, and safe erection and dismantling procedures. It then provides descriptions and details about independent tied scaffolds, putlog scaffolds, bird cage tower scaffolds, roof saddle and stack scaffolds, and suspended scaffolds. The document also lists and describes common scaffolding materials and tools.
Performance of ibs precast concrete beam column connections under earthquake ...Ramin Vaghei
This literature review examines the performance of precast concrete beam-column connections under earthquake effects. It finds that the seismic performance of precast structures depends greatly on the ductility of connectors joining components like beams and columns. Two commonly used connectors identified are the hybrid post-tensioned beam-column connection and the Dywidag Ductile Connector. The review concludes that future research could optimize these connections for use in low seismicity regions, with a focus on practical designs that do not further impede precast construction acceptance.
This document discusses the Struts framework for building Java web applications using the MVC pattern. It provides a history of web technologies and frameworks, an overview of the Model 1 and Model 2 approaches, and a detailed look at how Struts implements the MVC pattern. Key aspects of Struts covered include the front controller, action classes, configuration file, tags, and request lifecycle. The document also briefly compares Struts to other frameworks like Django and Ruby on Rails.
Shoring is used to support trench faces and prevent soil and underground utility movement. It is used when trench depths make sloping back to a safe angle impractical. There are three main types of shoring: timber shoring using wood sheets and posts; hydraulic shoring using prefabricated aluminum or steel struts, wales and sheeting; and pneumatic shoring which is similar but uses air pressure instead of hydraulic pressure. Shoring must be installed from the top down and removed from the bottom up.
The document discusses underpinning, which is strengthening and stabilizing an existing building's foundation. Reasons for underpinning include an insufficient original foundation, changed building usage or soil properties, or nearby construction requiring soil excavation. Underpinning extends the foundation deeper or wider to bear on stronger soil or distribute load. Common methods are micropiles, jet grouting, and soil grouting. Types of underpinning include mass concrete, beam and base, and mini-piled underpinning. Mass concrete involves digging boxes and pouring concrete sequentially. Beam and base uses a reinforced concrete beam supported by mass concrete bases. Mini-piles are used for deep foundations on variable soils.
This document discusses shoring and underpinning methods used to provide temporary or permanent support to structures. Shoring provides temporary stability during construction or repairs using techniques like raking, flying, or dead shores made of timber or steel. Underpinning supports existing foundations by strengthening soils using pit, pile, or chemical methods to allow additions without disturbing the structure. Proper design, installation, and precautions are needed for both techniques.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it is cured, and gain sufficient strength to support its own weight. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It is designed according to factors like the loads it will support, type of structure being built, and materials used. Formwork goes through stages of assembly, concrete placement, and stripping. Proper design, construction, and maintenance of formwork is important to produce high quality, safe concrete structures economically.
Iklan menawarkan produk bernama PhytoScience yang didakwa mampu menyembuhkan penyakit kronik dan mengembalikan kemudaan kulit. Produk ini menjanjikan kesan dalam 3 jam, menjamin 100% kesan, dan mampu menyembuhkan penyakit seperti kanser tahap 4. Iklan ini menawarkan diskon hingga RM650 untuk pembelian sebelum 30 September 2014.
Dokumen tersebut mempromosikan produk Double Stem Cell dan Triple Stem Cell dari perusahaan PhytoScience. Produk tersebut mengandung ekstrak sel batang epal, anggur, acai, dan blueberry yang diklaim mampu menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit termasuk kanker, stroke, dan diabetes. Dokumen tersebut juga mempromosikan program kemitraan untuk menjual produk tersebut sebagai cara menambah pendapatan.
The document discusses several key steps and concepts in project planning and scheduling including:
1) Scope which defines the project boundaries and feasibility.
2) Scheduling which must manage parallelism, dependencies, and avoid bad scheduling.
3) Critical path method which identifies the longest path of activities determining minimum project duration.
4) Gantt charts and precedence diagrams which illustrate project schedules, dependencies, and status.
5) Time estimates and risk which are important inputs for scheduling activities and contingencies.
This document discusses project planning techniques including Gantt charts, bar charts, and critical path method (CPM) networking. It explains that Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of project elements, bar charts can show task dependencies or be used for status updates. CPM involves representing activities as arrows on a network diagram to show sequence and dependencies. The document also describes the roles of engineers and technicians in non-destructive testing (NDT) and what site diaries typically include such as weather, materials used, plant status and instructions. Maintaining accurate site diaries provides records for disputes and helps site managers meet obligations.
The document discusses key concepts of leadership including forecasting, planning, organizing, motivating, directing, coordinating, and controlling. It provides definitions and explanations of each concept. Forecasting involves making assumptions about likely outcomes based on strategies. Planning involves construction planning processes like bar charts, arrow networking, and cash flow. Organizing arranges resources and specifies roles, responsibilities, and authority. Motivation theories attempt to explain how to boost employee morale. Directing guides employees and provides leadership, instructions, and supervision. Coordinating unifies efforts toward common goals. Controlling keeps activities in check and verifies performance against standards.
Projek pembinaan memerlukan pengurusan yang berbeza bergantung pada saiz, lokasi, jenis struktur dan faktor-faktor lain. Rekabentuk dan kaedah pembinaan perlu mengambil kira ciri-ciri unik setiap projek untuk memastikan ia disiapkan mengikut matlamat masa, kos dan kualiti yang ditetapkan.
This document provides an introduction to Microsoft Project (MS Project) software for project management. It explains that project managers are responsible for the success of the projects they manage and tools like MS Project can assist with resources, budgets, plans, and contracts. The document defines what project management entails, including all phases from scheduling to delivery while accounting for float. It then discusses why MS Project is useful and provides steps for creating a project in MS Project, such as setting a title, displaying it as a summary task, and defining tasks.
1) The document describes procedures for measuring hydrostatic force using a water vessel and scale. Weights are added incrementally while measuring the water level.
2) Data is recorded for appended weight, lever arm length, water level, calculated lever arm, resultant force, and moments.
3) Sources of error are discussed, such as neglecting the weight of the balance and reading errors, which could explain discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values of the center of pressure.
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including its key components and purposes. Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of concrete, which resists compression well but has low tensile strength, and steel reinforcing bars, which resist tension well. Together they create an economical and strong structural material. The document outlines structural elements, design considerations for safety, reliability, and economy, and limit state design principles which ensure structures do not fail under expected loads. It also discusses factors that affect concrete durability and different failure modes in reinforced concrete depending on steel reinforcement ratios.
Center of pressure and hydrostatic force on a submerged body revNatalie Ulza
This document describes an experiment to determine the center of pressure and hydrostatic force on a submerged body. The objectives are to understand hydrostatic pressure distribution and verify the location of the center of pressure. The apparatus is a ring-shaped water vessel mounted on a pivot, allowing measurement of the moment due to hydrostatic pressure. The theory section explains how hydrostatic pressure varies with depth and how this relates to the resultant force and center of pressure on a submerged surface. Calculations are provided for determining these values for the apparatus based on measurements of water level and applied weight. The procedure describes how to set up and perform the experiment.
This document summarizes experiments conducted to determine the effect of coagulant dosage and pH on turbidity reduction. One-factor-at-a-time experiments identified the best dosage at pH 7 (0.5 NTU) and pH 6.5 (0.2 NTU). Response surface methodology further optimized the process, achieving the lowest turbidity of 0.02 NTU at pH 7.4 and 106 mg/L coagulant dosage. Analysis showed coagulant dosage, pH, and their interaction significantly affected turbidity. Response surface design more effectively determined the interactive effects of multiple factors compared to one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
2. Definition
• The temporary timbers supporting the soil at the side of an
excavation.
Any heavy wood beam used for
shoring or bracing.
A generic term for unconsolidated
natural surface material above
bedrock.
The removal of earth, usually to allow
the construction of a foundation or
basement.
3. Bahan yang digunakan
untuk menutup lantai,
tingkat atau perancah.
What is
planking??
(Apa itu
planking???)
Material used
for flooring, decking
, or scaffolding.
Designed to be laid flat as
part of a load-bearing
surface, such as a bridge
deck.
Direka untuk dibentangkan rata sebagai
sebahagian permukaan yang menanggung
beban, seperti geladak jambatan.
Kayu sementara
menyokong tanah di
sebelah penggalian.
The
temporary timbers
supporting
the soil at the side
of an excavation.
A piece of lumber two or
more inches thick and six
or more inches wide.
Dua atau lebih kepingan kayu
atau
5. • Timber has always been used the past and is still
the most commonly used material for planking.
(Kayu sentiasa digunakan dan masih merupakan bahan yang paling biasa digunakan
untuk lantai)
• Struts, ties and coupler are necessary to main
rigidity that timber is usually found to be quicker
and more economical of labour.
(Tupang, ikatan dan pengganding adalah kebiasaan utama kayu , biasanya digunakan
untuk menjadi lebih cepat dan lebih menjimatkan buruh)
back
6. • Steel stanchions and, particularly, steel needles are often used
for dead shoring.
Stanchions keluli dan, terutamanya, jarum keluli sering
digunakan untuk penyokong mati.
• Tubular scaffolding is less frequently used for this purpose.
Perancah tiub kurang digunakan untuk tujuan ini.
7. cont…
• Although effective flying and raking shores can
be constructed with tubular scaffolding.
Walaupun berkesan terbang dan menggeledah
pantai-pantai boleh didirikan dengan perancah
tiub
8.
9. To give support to walls which are dangerous or are lik
ely to become unstable, bulging or leaning.
Untuk memberi sokongan kepada dinding yang
berbahaya ataupun dinding yang tidak stabil,
membonjol atau melentur.
To avoid failure of sound walls caused by the removal
of subjacent support such as where a basement is
being constructed near to a sound wall.
Untuk mengelakkan kegagalan dinding bunyi yang
disebabkan oleh penyingkiran sokongan yg terletak
di bawah seperti mana ruangan bawah tanah sedang
dibina berhampiran dinding bunyi.
To give support to a floor or roof to enable a support
wall to be removed and replaced by a beam.
Untuk memberi sokongan kepada lantai atau
bumbung untuk membolehkan dinding sokongan di
keluarkan dan diganti dengan rasuk.
To support the upper part of wall during formation of a large o
pening in the lower section of the wall.
Untuk menyokong bahagian atas dinding semasa
pembentukan pembukaan besar di bahagian bawah dinding
10. Measurements
The dimensions shall be measured correct to the nearest cm and the
area of the face supported shall be worked out in square meters
correct to two places of decimal.
Dimensi hendaklah diukur betul ke cm terdekat dan kawasan permukaan
disokong hendaklah menggunakan meter persegi kepada dua tempat
perpuluhan
Works shall be grouped according to the following:
(a) Depth not exceeding 1.5 m.
(b) Depth exceeding 1.5m in stages of 1.5 m.
Kerja-kerja hendaklah dikumpulkan mengikut kepada perkara-perkara
berikut:
(a) Kedalaman tidak melebihi 1.5 m.
(b) Kedalaman melebihi 1.5m dalam peringkat 1.5 m.
11. 2. Planking and strutting to the following shall be measured
separately:
Planking dan tumpang hendaklah diukur secara berasingan :
• Trenches. (parit)
• Areas- The description shall include use and waste of raking shores.
• Kawasan – penerangan perlu meliputi kegunaan dan
pembuangan
• Shafts, walls, and manholes. (Batang, dinding-dinding, dan
lurang-lurang )
• Planking and strutting required to be left permanently in position
shall be measured separately.
Planking dan tumpang diperlukan untuk dibiarkan kekal dalam
kedudukan hendaklah diukur secara berasingan.
