The document discusses various types and forms of plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as presenting another's work as one's own, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Some key types described include copying verbatim without citation, paraphrasing without citation, and failing to properly cite sources. Reasons why students plagiarize include lack of time, laziness, poor research skills, and perceived pressure to perform well. The document emphasizes that plagiarism is a form of theft and discusses proper ways to cite sources through quotation, paraphrasing, and summarization. It provides examples to determine if situations describe plagiarism and gives tips on how to avoid plagiarizing.

1. Theft of Intellectual Property

2. What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is the act of presenting the work of another as
your own. If you use the work of someone else and either
knowingly or unintentionally claim it as your own creation you are
committing an act of plagiarism.
Did You Know? The word plagiarism comes from the Latin
plagiarius meaning "kidnapper"
San Jose State University, Plagiarism Tutorial, http://130.65.109.143/plagiarism/tutorial/introduction.php.

4. What Forms Can Plagiarism Take?
 Word-for-word copying of another’s work without properly
acknowledging the source of the information
 Paraphrasing the work of another without acknowledgement
 Failing to properly cite your source, even if that failure is
unintentional
 Submitting material created by another under your name
 Submitting material created by yourself and others, but claiming
the work entirely as your own

5. Reporting research: Plagiarism
http://news.sciencemag.org/scientific-community/2014/12/study-massive-preprint-archive-hints-geography-plagiarism

6. ✔The ghost writer: word to word copy and pretends it is real work
of writer
✔Photocopy: word to word or significant points of others and
without any change writer give its name as source
✔Port luck paper: data is collected from different sources and merge
different things to form single line and writer says it is a new thing
Types of plagiarism : Source not cited
Hmmmm.........
THE GHOST WRITER!

7. The poor mask : in this the writer writes everything as it is and
change the basic things like font, color or designs
Labor of laziness: writer does lot of hard work to collect
information from different pages, convert it in own words,
rearrange them and come up with the product.
LOOK I MADE THIS
PERIODIC TABLE
WHAT THE HELL
HE IS TALKING
Types of plagiarism : Source not cited

8. Self stealer: the person makes some changes in his older real work
and say it is new and unique work.
Forgotten footnote: writer mentions authors name for source but
neglects to inform correct name of source
Misinformer: writes name of writer and location but both are
wrong
I'LL SAY THE people THAT THIS
IS MY NEW BOOK
Types of plagiarism : Sources cited

9. Two perfect paraphrase: properly cited source and location but
forgets to put quotation in quotation marks.
The resourceful citer: the writer writes correct source but all the
work is from outside. The writer do nothing! But mention his
name
I SAY THAT IT IS
EASY TO HATE
BUT HEALTHY
TO LOVE
LOLZ!! U
STUPID
RESOURCEFUL
CITER
Types of plagiarism : Sources cited

10. The perfect crime: we know that the perfect crime doesn't exist.
Similarly, the writer here also leaves some drawbacks. Here writes
source correctly and put quotation in quotation marks but
sometimes writer passes a line or paragraph as its own.
I DID PERFECT
CRIME IN
PLAGIARISM
STUPID PERFECT
CRIME DOESN'T
EXIST!!!!
Types of plagiarism : Sources cited

11. Why Students Plagiarize
 Not enough time to complete the assignment (postponement, poor
time management skills, or a busy schedule outside of school can
all contribute to this)
 Laziness
 Lack of fundamental research skills (be aware that some
plagiarism is unintentional)
 Careless research methods (e.g. failing to document sources used
during the research process)
 A fear that one’s own academic abilities are not adequate, leading
one to seek a superior product
Plagiarism

12. Why Students Plagiarize
 Perceived pressure from external forces (parents, friends,
scholarship committees, etc.) to maintain high grades
 Cultural differences. In many non-Western societies, the idea of
“owning” text or material is confusing
 Because cheating is perceived as acceptable in today’s society, as a
way to ‘get ahead’
 A perceived lack of punishment by the instructor or the institution
 Because it’s easy to do

13. Why is it Wrong?
Plagiarism is a form of theft. According to United States copyright
law, the legal copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce,
distribute, display, perform, and make derivative copies of the work.
• Using the copyrighted material of another person without first
obtaining permission to do so or without properly identifying
your source is essentially stealing someone else's property.

14. You may have been told that if you put something into your own
words, you need not cite. This is incorrect. The material is still
someone else’s idea and requires acknowledgement.
Do you know how to paraphrase correctly? Paraphrasing is more than
simply rewording the original material!
It must be almost entirely in your own words. You must use new
synonyms and new expressions. Only technical terms should be
repeated.
Any exact words that are retained should have quotation marks
around them.
The sentence structure should be yours, not the same as in the
source.
Do not add ideas, interpretations, explanations, or assessments.
Paraphrasing

15. The inadequate paraphrase is guilty of plagiarism even though the
material is cited correctly. The writer has used too many word-for-
word phases from the source. Also, the order of the ideas is
unchanged from the source.
Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Robert A. Harris. Los Angeles, California:
Pyrczak Publishers, 2002.
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing requires a citation.

16. Quotations should be used carefully. They must be exact, word-for-
word as they appear in the original document.
Quotes require a citation in addition to the use of quote marks.
Quotations must be attributed to the original author and the source
that you used.
For example: If you use the phrase, “Fourscore and twenty years ago,
our forefathers . . .” you must give credit to Abraham Lincoln and the
book in which he is quoted.
Lincoln, Abraham. Gettysburg Address. In Lincoln at Gettysburg: the
Words that Remade America, Garry Wills. New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1992.
Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism. Robert A. Harris. Los Angeles, California:
Pyrczak Publishers, 2002.
Quotations

17. Sorry, you cannot use someone else’s paper, art work, or
presentation without proper citation even if he gave you permission.
You may even have to cite yourself. If you created a work for a
previous paper or presentation, and you are using it again, you must cite
your previous work.
The Plagiarism Handbook by Roger A. Harris, http://www.pyrczak.com/antiplagiarism/index.htm.

18. What about all that “free” stuff people put on the web? Can you use
that?
No.
Free means economically free, you do not have to pay for it.
The “free” stuff has a specific use and can only be used free for the
intended use. If you use the words, graphics, or ideas, you must give a
citation.
Kraft Foods, http://web.kraftfoods.com/koolaid/2001/ka_free_stuff.html.

19. You can “borrow” from the works of
others in your own work!
Three Strategies
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
Blending source materials in your own thoughts—making sure your
own voice is heard.
With Proper Citation

20. Quiz Time!
Determine whether or not the following are
examples of plagiarism.

21. Source Used:
The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940. During years
of normal precipitation, the excessive root system of the wheat plants held
the soil and offered excellent protection against wind erosion. In the
droughty Thirties, however, the inadequate moisture supply prevented a
suitable growth of ground cover in the early Spring “blow season” of
February, March, and April. The drought then began a chain of events, the
first of which was crop failure.
Student Paper:
"The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940” (Hurt, 1981,
p. 29-30).
APA reference:
Hurt, R. D. (1981). The dust bowl: An agricultural and social history.
Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
Example #1

22. Answer #1
No, it is not.
Since the quoted material is enclosed in quotation marks and
because the source is cited correctly and completely, this is not
an incident of plagiarism.

23. Example #2
Source Used:
The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940. During
years of normal precipitation, the excessive root system of the wheat plants
held the soil and offered excellent protection against wind erosion. In the
droughty Thirties, however, the inadequate moisture supply prevented a
suitable growth of ground cover in the early Spring “blow season” of
February, March, and April. The drought then began a chain of events, the
first of which was crop failure.
Student Paper:
The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940 (Hurt, 1981,
p. 29-30).
APA reference: Hurt, R. D. (1981). The dust bowl: An agricultural and
social history. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

24. Answer #2
Yes, it is.
The text from the source is quoted exact but it is not enclosed in
quotation marks. A direct quotation of an author's words must be
enclosed in quotation marks.

25. Example #3
Source Used:
The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940. During
years of normal precipitation, the excessive root system of the wheat plants
held the soil and offered excellent protection against wind erosion. In the
droughty Thirties, however, the inadequate moisture supply prevented a
suitable growth of ground cover in the early Spring “blow season” of
February, March, and April. The drought then began a chain of events, the
first of which was crop failure.
Student Paper:
The wind erosion problem of the Great Plains occurred because the
drought prevented farmers from growing hardly any wheat from 1932 to
1940. Normally, the excessive root system of the wheat plants held the soil
and offered excellent protection against wind erosion, but in the Thirties,
the inadequate moisture supply prevented a suitable growth of ground
cover.
APA reference: None

26. Answer #3
Yes, this is plagiarism.
The student has paraphrased the author’s words, but has not cited
the author as the source of the information.

27. Example #4
Source Used:
The wind erosion problem of the southern Great Plains did not occur
because farmers grew too much wheat, but because the drought prevented
them from growing hardly any wheat at all from 1932 to 1940. During
years of normal precipitation, the excessive root system of the wheat plants
held the soil and offered excellent protection against wind erosion. In the
droughty Thirties, however, the inadequate moisture supply prevented a
suitable growth of ground cover in the early Spring “blow season” of
February, March, and April. The drought then began a chain of events, the
first of which was crop failure.
Student Paper:
During years of normal precipitation, the excessive root system of the
wheat plant helps to hold the soil in place and lessens wind erosion. During
the 1930s, however, drought prevented farmers from growing almost any
wheat at all, and this prevented the growth of necessary ground cover. This
crop failure was the first in a chain of events that resulted in the Dust Bowl
(Hurt, 1981, p. 29-30).
APA reference: Hurt, R. D. (1981). The dust bowl: An agricultural and social
history. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.

28. Answer #4
No, this is not plagiarism.
The author’s words and ideas have been paraphrased, but credit has
been correctly given to the author.

29. Example #5
In her paper, a student mentions that George Washington was the
first President of the United States. Does this source of this fact need
to be cited?
Answer #5
No, this is not plagiarism.
Since this fact is common knowledge to all, citation is not necessary.

30. Example #6
In your paper, you mention the fact that one of Washington’s first
concerns as President was paying off foreign and domestic
obligation as a way to reestablish the nation’s credit. Do you need to
cite your source if you use this fact?
Answer #6
Yes, you do.
This fact is very specific and cannot be considered common
knowledge, so it must be cited. As such, it should be stated here that
this information was paraphrased from the following source:
APA reference: Washington, George. In Family encyclopedia of
American history (pp. 1206-1209). (1975).
Pleasantville, NY: Reader’s Digest Association.

31. Plagiarism detection services
GLATT PLAGIARISM : The glatt plagiarism works like this:
1. The company eliminates every 5th word from the paper
2. And ask them to fill those up, and judge the uniqueness of paper
by correct responses and time taken
TURNITIN.COM:
1. This works like search engine and compares paper with public
and intellectual portions of internet.
2. Then they prepare the list of sites used for making that paper

32. Tips on Avoiding Plagiarism
 Familiarize yourself with the basics of the research writing
process, including the citing of sources
 Make note of all the sources you consult during the research
process
 Remember that paraphrasing the ideas of another still requires
proper citation
 Properly cite the sources you use in your paper
 Proof-read the final version of your paper to ensure that all the
sources you used are cited correctly
 If unsure whether to cite a source or how to cite it properly, ask
your instructor

33. Helpful Resources
CMU Writing Center:
http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/writing_center/
The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/
Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism (from The Duke University Libraries):
http://library.duke.edu/research/plagiarism/
Dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarism, www.plagiarismchecker.com
library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism Image srcs':- Www.catroonista.com
Www.3dwallpapers/teacher-student.htm, Www.yerty.in
Www.howan2.com, Www.simplyt.com/as-plagiarism.com
Text:- Notes from Mr Navdeep Singh

34. Any Queries…..
So lets take pledge to avoid plagiarism!