1. Good Day! DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY 1) Write: Date: 01/01/09 , Topic: Industrial Philosophies 2) On the next line, write “ Opener #22 ” and then: 1) Plot your mood, reflect in 1 sent . 2) Respond to the opener by writing at least 2 sentences about : Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND Summary of the clip OR/AND Other things going on in the news. Announcements: None Intro Music: Untitled
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3. Agenda 1) Industrial Revolution Philosophies What you will be able to do: 1) How did industrialized (machine) life change people’s views of the world? Reminder 1) FR Project Due Mon, 10/05
5. Mock Quiz 1) UK was first for all of the following reasons EXCEPT? a) More mobile culture than rest of Europe b) Better educated, more innovative people c) Money to finance factories 2) Moving from river to coal factories mean all EXCEPT a) Factories were moved to the highlands b) Pollution got worse c) Factories could run whenever the factory owner wanted the factory to run
6. 1600-1750: Enlightenment 1750-1800: Political Rev. 1800-1900: Nationalism 1600-1750: Agric. Rev. 1750-1900: Ind. Rev. 1 (Factories) 1900-X: Ind. Rev. 2 (Corporations) Timeline up to now:
7. Review 1) Agricultural Revolution (1500-1700) : Enlightenment help farmers share ideas (farm journals) lead to: better soil care, machines, selective breeding, and 1800s (food explosion): chemical fertilizers and powered machines. a) Enclosure : Machines produce more with less ppl, but cost more, rich famers buy out poor , create large farms b) Population Boom : Extra food encourages population to grow c) Unemployed : More births + poor farmers with no land draw them to the cities (where new factories have jobs).
8. Review 2) Why was England (UK) 1st : a) Financial capital (money) : UK had money to invest from trade (Factories were costly) b) Entrepreneurism (someone start biz) : Unlike Europe, UK culture supported “get ahead” biz culture no matter blood line (biz had power in H. of Commons ) c) Stable Hands Off Gov : Limited monarchy was stable (no invasions) and did not interfere with biz operations d) Geography : UK had many harbors (transport), iron (machines), rivers (water power), and coal (steam power)
9. Review 3) Immediate Impact of the Ind. Rev : a) Creative Destruction : New innovations destroying old jobs (esp. craftsman) b) New Class System (NOT nobles BUT) : Business Class vs. Working Class c) City Growth : Dirty cities sprout around factories ( Tenements : dense housing) d) Time : Instead of nature or self, time is controlled by jobs, factories, machines e) Labor Hardships : Factory jobs were boring, dangerous, and drew kids + women (women working will = power) f) Cheaper Goods : Ppl could buy goods once only rich could afford, therefore increasing demand for goods.
12. Notes #22a , Title: “ Industrial Philosophies Notes ” 10 Key Dates So Far 1689 Locke writes on Social Contract Theory 1701 Tull Seed Drill Example of Agric. Innovation 1733 Kay Flying Shuttle Expands Textile Factories 1775 Watts Steam Engine Perfected (IR 1 st Stage) 1776 American Revolution + Smith’s Wealth of Nat. 1789-1799 French Revolution 1799-15 Napoleonic Era 1814-15 Congress of Vienna restore Eur. monarchs 1830 First Operating Railroad 1855 Bessemer Perfects Cheap Steel (IR 2 nd Stage)
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16. Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786 We plead for the further continuance of these machines : Men of common sense must know, that so many machines in use, take the work from the hands employed in Scribbling, - and who did that business before machines were invented. How are those men, thus thrown out of employ to provide for their families ; - and what are they to put their children apprentice to, that the rising generation may have something to keep them at work , in order that they may not be like vagabonds strolling about in idleness? Some say, Begin and learn some other business . - Suppose we do; who will maintain our families , whilst we undertake the arduous task; and when we have learned it, another machine may arise , which may take away that business also… Signed, in behalf of THOUSANDS
17. Work #16a , Title “ Group Responses ” Write your response, then share with your partner, and write their response. a) Your Response b) Their Reponses ( include their name ) 1a) What would be your response to receiving such a petition? (keep in mind you spend a lot of money to create the factory, you make a lot of money too). 1b) Their response.
18. Thomas Robert Malthus’s Principle of Population, 1798 “ The way in which, these effects are produced seems to be this. We will suppose the means of subsistence in any country just equal to the easy support of its inhabitants . The constant effort towards population... increases the number of people before the means of subsistence are increased . The food therefore which before supported seven millions must now be divided among seven millions and a half or eight millions. The poor consequently must live much worse .”
19. David Ricardo’s The Iron Law of Wages, 1817 “ As population increases, these necessaries will be constantly rising in price, because more labour will be necessary to produce them. If, then, the money wages of labour should fall , whilst every commodity on which the wages of labour were expended rose, the labourer would be doubly affected, and would be soon totally deprived of subsistence …wages should be left to the fair and free competition of the market, and should never be controlled by the legislature .”
20. Notes #22a , Title: “ Industrial Philosophy Notes ” 1) Classical Liberalism ( Conservatism ) : Gov bad, ppl should be free (personal-Locke+in business-Smith) 2) Utilitarianism : Gov should do whatever maximizes the good for the most people. 3) Jeremy Bentham : Father of utilitarianism 4) Modern Liberalism ( Liberal ) : Gov should promote education + welfare services to prepare ppl for their freedom 5) John Stuart Mills : Father of modern liberals 6) Utopian Socialism : Ppl share control of resources to create an equitable society 7) Socialism : Gov take control of SOME resources from the upper class, to create an equitable society 8) Robert Owen : Father of utopianism and socialism 9) Communism : Gov controlling all resources 10) Friedrich Engels+Karl Marx : Father of Marxism (history is class struggle) and communism
21. Notes #22a , Title: “ Industrial Philosophy Notes ” 1) Classical Liberalism ( Conservatism ) : Gov bad, ppl should be free (personal-Locke + in business-Smith) Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations 1776 "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher , the brewer or the baker that we expect our dinner , but from their regard to their own self-interest ... [Every individual] intends only his own security, only his own gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest , he frequently promotes that of society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it."
22. Notes #22a , Title: “ Industrial Philosophy Notes ” 1) Classical Liberalism ( Conservatism ) : Gov bad, ppl should be free (personal-Locke + in business-Smith) Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations 1776 “ The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations , of which the effects are perhaps always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses , therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible to become for a human creature to become .”
23. 2) Utilitarianism : Gov should do whatever maximizes the good for the most people.
24. 3) Jeremy Bentham : Father of utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham Facts 3 Read Enlightenment Scholars 5 Mastered the Violin 6 Fluent Latin and French 12 Attended Oxford Also a prominent supporter of women’s rights, gay rights, and anti-death penalty .
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26. Enlightenment View of the Brain: Blank Slate (Nurture) Reality: Both Nature (DNA/Instinct) + Nurture
27. 4) Modern Liberalism ( Liberal ) : Gov should promote education + welfare services to prepare ppl for their freedom
28. 5) John Stuart Mills : Father of modern liberals John Stuart Mills Facts Also strongest advocate for women’s rights. His wife was also Harriet Mill was also a gifted scholar.
29. 6) Utopian Socialism : Ppl share control of resources to create an equitable society Robert Owen’s New Harmony (1825)
30. 7) Socialism : Gov take control of SOME resources from the upper class, to create an equitable society
31. 8) Robert Owen : Father of utopianism and socialism Robert Owen Facts 9 Apprentice 18 Worked in factory 28 Owned factory 54 Started a utopian community: New Harmony, banned money ppl work hard for sake of community 59 Bankrupt
33. 10) Friedrich Engels+Karl Marx : Father of Marxism (history is class struggle) and communism (Communist Manifesto-1848, Das Kapital-1867) Karl Marx and Frederick Engel’s Communist Manifesto, 1848 "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles . Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed …the modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society, has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes , new conditions of oppression ."
34. 10) Friedrich Engels+Karl Marx : Father of Marxism (history is class struggle) and communism (Communist Manifesto-1848, Das Kapital-1867) Karl Marx and Frederick Engel’s Das Kapital, 1867 "Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks... Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth — the soil and the labourer... Battle of competition is fought by the cheapening of commodities.."
35. Karl Marx Socialist ideas had been spreading since the industrial revolution started. His Communist Manifesto won’t really have an effect until after his death in 1883 . Engels , co-writer was a successful capitalist. Marxism: Viewing history+now as class struggle Communism: Solution to class struggle (no prop)
36. Karl Marx Socialist ideas had been spreading since the industrial revolution started. His Communist Manifesto won’t really have an effect until after his death in 1883 . Engels , co-writer was a successful capitalist. Marxism: Viewing history+now as class struggle Communism: Solution to class struggle (no prop)
38. Karl Marx “ From each according to his ability, to each according to his need”
39. Work #22b , “ Class Conflict Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Con Side – Rich gained unfairly 1) Workers live in misery with low wages 2) Poor work too long to have a chance to move up 3) The gap between rich and poor explodes as factories are so profitable PRO: Pro Side - Rich Earned Their Money 1) Machines cost money 2) Factories require complex knowledge, rich deserve their wealth 3) Poor have themselves to blame for not working smarter in their lives
40. Work #22b , “ Class Conflict Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Con Side – Rich gained unfairly 1) Workers live in misery with low wages 2) Poor work too long to have a chance to move up 3) The gap between rich and poor explodes as factories are so profitable PRO: Pro Side - Rich Earned Their Money 1) Machines cost money 2) Factories require complex knowledge, rich deserve their wealth 3) Poor have themselves to blame for not working smarter in their lives
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43. Work #22c , “ Debate: Classical Liberal vs Utilitarianism ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Favor Utilitarianism 1) Benefiting more people of course is more just than having a group suffer for just 1 to benefit 2) Individuals are selfish 3) Selfishness can weaken the community PRO: Favor Classical Liberalism 1) Individual freedom is the most important thing 2) Individuals themselves know what’s best 3) Those who fail have themselves to blame
44. Work #22d , “ Debate: Classical Liberal vs Modern Liberal ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Favor Modern Liberalism 1) Indiv. freedom is good but ppl need to be molded 2) Gov should protect and teach children to be good citizens, regulate and tax 3) Educated, we can trust individuals to be free PRO: Favor Classical Liberalism 1) Individual freedom is the most important thing 2) Individuals themselves know what’s best 3) Those who fail have themselves to blame
45. Work #22e , “ Debate: Class Lib Econ vs Socialism ” 11) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Favor Socialism 1) Too hard for poor to get ahead without help 2) If gov provides all your survival needs, you can then focus on your work 3) Private businesses can operate outside the zone of public services PRO: Favor Classical Liberal Economics 1) Ppl when trained work best with freedom and hardest with incentive to make money 2) Gov only interferes w efficient “invisible hand” 3) Gov will hurt private biz
46. Work #22f , “ Debate: Communism vs Socialism ” 11) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Favor Socialism 1) Too hard for poor to get ahead without help 2) If gov provides all your survival needs, you can then focus on your work 3) Private businesses can operate outside the zone of public services PRO: Favor Communism 1) Rich to take advantage of the poor if rich exist AT ALL, you can expect rich want to give up money! 2) Everyone will be equal, no rich or poor 3) No more war if no more resources to fight over
47. Notes #22a , Title: “ Industrial Philosophy Notes ” 1) Social Darwinism : The strong will rise to the top, and humans are better off that way (justifying: rich ppl + rich countries like UK) 2) Horatio Alger : Media promoted cultural belief if poor work hard, they can be rich (rags 2 riches)
52. Work #23a , Title “ Speech ” 1) Read/highlight both carefully and write a speech on which vision is correct. FORMAT i) Write: Quick strong opener ii) Next, write the body: a) What are the two views (background) b) Which is best (recommendation) c) Why (keep to less than 3 main points) iii) Last write: Quick strong closing Build in pauses, rises, falls, catch phrases, narrative (story telling) is often most memorable. Mr. Chiang will RANDOMLY read a few out loud.
53. Mr. Chiang’s 7 Speech Tips 1) 3 Part: Opening > Argument > Closing 2) Think of your audience and use local examples 3) Stories are remembered 4) Cite authoritative evidence 5) Call audience to action 6) Repetition, pauses, tone 7) Speak slowly and make eye contact (or try looking over heads) Last, the majority of speech is body language, not words.
54. Rubric: __/4 Factually Informative __/2 Communication Style (C’s 7 tips) __/2 Active Audience Member __/2 Followed Directions _____/10 Points
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56. Homework: 1) Work of FR Project due Monday 10/05 .
