Lipoproteins are spherical complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids in the bloodstream. They are classified based on composition, density, and electrophoretic mobility into chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and free fatty acid-albumin complexes. Chylomicrons transport exogenous triglycerides from the intestine to tissues, VLDL transports endogenous triglycerides from the liver, LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, and HDL transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver. Disorders in lipoprotein metabolism can result in hyperlipoproteinemias or hypolipopro
This is a brief account of the fate of fats (fatty acids and glycerol) from the time of ingestion to its transport to body cells (before fatty acid oxidation).
Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.
This is a brief account of the fate of fats (fatty acids and glycerol) from the time of ingestion to its transport to body cells (before fatty acid oxidation).
Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.
Lipoprotein metabolism - (transport of lipids in the Blood)Ashok Katta
This presentation explains metabolism of lipoproteins (Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL) in very simple way. The presentation contains lots of animation to explain metabolism of individual lipoproteins.
The bile salts such as cholic acid contain a hydrophobic side and a hydrophilic side, thus allowing bile salts to dissolve at an oil-water interface, with the hydrophobic surface in contact with the non-polar phase and the hydrophilic surface in the aqueous medium. This detergent action emulsifies fats and yields mixed micelles, which allow attack by water-soluble digestive enzymes and facilitate the absorption of lipids through the intestinal mucosa. Mixed Micelles also serve as transport vehicles for those lipids that are less water-soluble than fatty acids, such as cholesterol or the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Thus, efficient absorption of lipids depends on the presence of sufficient bile acids to solubilize the ingested lipids.
Subject : Nutrition, Unit- VI
This topic provides brief knowledge about lipid metabolism and it is prepared according to INC syllabus for first year BSc Nursing Students.
Lipoprotein metabolism - (transport of lipids in the Blood)Ashok Katta
This presentation explains metabolism of lipoproteins (Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL) in very simple way. The presentation contains lots of animation to explain metabolism of individual lipoproteins.
The bile salts such as cholic acid contain a hydrophobic side and a hydrophilic side, thus allowing bile salts to dissolve at an oil-water interface, with the hydrophobic surface in contact with the non-polar phase and the hydrophilic surface in the aqueous medium. This detergent action emulsifies fats and yields mixed micelles, which allow attack by water-soluble digestive enzymes and facilitate the absorption of lipids through the intestinal mucosa. Mixed Micelles also serve as transport vehicles for those lipids that are less water-soluble than fatty acids, such as cholesterol or the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Thus, efficient absorption of lipids depends on the presence of sufficient bile acids to solubilize the ingested lipids.
Subject : Nutrition, Unit- VI
This topic provides brief knowledge about lipid metabolism and it is prepared according to INC syllabus for first year BSc Nursing Students.
Lipoprotein introduction, their general characteristics, exogenous and endogenous metabolism focusing on chylomicron and vldl metabolism, ldl metabolism and HDL metabolism , reverse cholesterol transport.
Introduction
General structure of lipoprotein
Apo lipoprotein
Classification of lipoprotein
Chylomicron
LDL- low density lipoprotein
HDL- high density lipoprotein
VLDL- very low density lipoprotein
IDL- intermediate density lipoprotein
Clinical disorders
Preventive measures
Lipoprotein analysis
Diet , cholesterol and lipoprotein
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. What is lipoproteins?
• Lipoproteins are spherical,
macromolecular complexes of lipids and
specific protein called
Apo-protein.
4. What are the functions of
lipoproteins?
• 1. They keep water insoluble lipids in solution
of aqueous plasma.
• 2. Provide mechanism for transporting their
lipid components to and from the tissue.
5. What is the general composition
of plasma lipoproteins?
They contain neutral lipid core
made of TG , Cholesteryl esters
and shell of amphipathic
phospholipids,
Unesterified cholesterol
and apoprotein.
6. HOW ARE THE LIPOPROTEINS
CLASSIFIED?
Classified on the basis of
1.COMPOSITION
2.DENSITY and
3.ELECTRO PHORETIC
MOBILITY
7. Name the classes of
lipoproteins?
• 1. Chylomicron
• 2. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL).
• 3. Low density lipoproteins (LDL).
• 4. High density lipoproteins (HDL).
• 5. Free fatty acids – Albumin complex
8. Arrangement of lipoprotein on
their
Size and Density
Lipoprotein
class
Size Density
Chylomicrone 1000 to 10,000A Less than 0.96
VLDL 300 to 700A Upto 1.006
LDL 150 to 250A Upto 1.063
HDL 75 to 100A Above 1.063
12. Write the functions of apolipoproteins.
• 1. Provide recognition sites for cell surface
receptors.
• 2. Serves as coenzymes
• 3. Some are required as a structural part and
can not be replaced or removed.
13. Write the functions of
CHYLOMICRONES.
• Transport mainly
Exogenous Tri acyl
glycerol from
intestine to Liver,
adipose tissue and
muscle.
• TAG either
absorbed from food
or Synthesized in
enterocytes )
Adipose
Muscle
14. Write the functions of
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ( VLDL )
• Transports mainly
endogenous Tri acyl
glycerols from Liver
to extra hepatic
tissues
• Endogenous Tri acyl
glycerols
Synthesized in
hepatocytes
15. Write the functions of
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
• Transports mainly
Cholesterol and
cholesteryl esters
from Liver to extra
hepatic tissues
cholesterol
16. Write the functions of
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
• Transports mainly
Cholesterol and
Cholesteryl
esters from extra
hepatic tissues to
Liver
• Serves to hold
apo-c & apo-e for
use
cholesterol
17. Write the functions of
Free fatty acid Albumin complex
• Transports mainly
free fatty acids
released from
adipose tissue to
Liver for
oxidation
FFA
Adipose
Adipose
Adipose
FFA
FFA
FFA
18. Enzymes in lipoprotein
metabolism
• Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
• L CAT :
• Catalyses transfer of Sn2 FA of phospholipids
to cholesterol.
• Converts polar cholesterol to non polar
cholesteryl esters
• Shift of cholesterol form periphery to core
19. • Lipoprotein lipase
• Heparin sensitive lipase
Catalyses hydrolysis of chylomicron
and VLDL
Located on capillary surface
Responsible for generating FA and
glycerol in tissue
Enzymes in lipoprotein
metabolism
20. • Hepatic lipase
Catalyses hydrolysis of TAG and
Phospholipids of HDL and IDL
Located in sinusoid s of liver
Responsible for metabolic degradation
of HDL and IDL
Enzymes in lipoprotein
metabolism
21. • Acid lipase
• Intracellular lipase
Catalyses hydrolysis of TAG and
cholesteryl esters in lysosomes
Located in lysosome ,
Optimum pH acidic
Responsible for degradation of
lipoprotein taken up by receptor
mediated endocytosis
Enzymes in lipoprotein
metabolism
39. HYPO LIPOPROTEINEMIA
A BETA LIPOPROTEINEMIA
1. Serum LDL and VLDL level
decreased due to absence of
Apo B
2. Lack of formation of
Chylomicron after high fatty
meal
3. Result malabsorption,
steatorrhea and cholesterol
40. HYPO LIPOPROTEINEMIA –
II
Tangier disease1. Deficiency of Serum HDL due
to absence of Apo A1
2. Result cholesterol ester
deposition in skin , cornea and
blood vessels.
3. Increased risk of premature
CHD
41. Diseases Genetic defects Risk
LPL defect Reduced level of LPL Pancreatitis
Apo C-11 defect Inability to synthesize
Apo C-11
Pancreatitis
A beta
lipoproteinemia
Inability to synthesize
Apo B
Neurological defect
An alpha
lipoproteinemia
Inability to synthesize
Apo A
Cholesteryl esters
storage in abnormal
sites
Diseases associated with lipoprotein metabolism
42. Apo B48
Apo A
Intestinal mucosa
Liver
Choesterol
Fatty acid
Apo A
Apo C
Apo E
E
Receptor for
chylomicron
remnants
B48
chylomicron
remnants
B48E
AE
C II
HDL
Ch
PL
Ch
TAG
Ch
TAG
Glycerol
Free FA
Lipoprotein
lipase
C IIE
Nacent
chylomicron
A
E
C II
CM
Ch
PL
B48
A
1
2
3
4