The document discusses different types of culture, including British cultural materialism, American multiculturalism, and Asian American writers. British cultural materialism began in the 1950s and examines how culture reproduces social relations. American multiculturalism emerged in the 1960s to recognize distinct immigrant identities and celebrate racial/ethnic heritages. It includes African American, Latinx, American Indian, and Asian American writers.

1. Name : Jani Hetalben Umiyashankar
Roll no:10
Class: M.A. Sem;2
Guided by: Dilip Barad
Submitted to:Department of English
Maharaja Krishnkumarsighji
Bhavnagar university

2. What is culture?
 ‘Culture’ is a term which has may connotations cultural is
refinement or development of mind tastes, etc. by education,
training and experience.
 ‘Culture’, derives from ‘Cultura’ and ‘colere’ meaning ‘to
cultivate’. It also meant ‘to honour’ and ‘project’ by the
19th century in Europe it tastes of the upper class (elite).
 ‘culture’ is the mode of producing meaning and ideas.
 Margaret Mead: “Culture is the learned behaviour of society
or a subgroup.”
 Clifford Geertz : “Culture is simply ensemble of stories we tell
ourselves about ourselves.”
 Cultural studies is not “a tightly coherent, unified
movement of agenda”, but a “loosely coherent group of
tendencies, issues and questions”.

3. Types of culture
Types
of
culture
British
cultural
materialism
New
Historicism
American
multi
culturualism
Post
modernism
and popular
culture
Post colonial
studies

4. British cultural materialism
 Cultural studies is referred to as “cultural materialism
in Britain.
 Mathew Arnold redefine the givens of British culture.
 Edward Tylor argued that “Culture or civilization taken
in its widest ethnographic sense is a complex whole
which'includes knowledge ,belief 'or morals. Law
custom and any other capacities’ and habits acquired
by man as a manner of society.”
 Raymond William Karl Marx Gyorgy Lukas Theordor
Adorno Louis all are theorist of this culture.

5.  Cultural materialism begun in the 1950s with the the work of
F.R. Leavis who sought to use the educational system to
distribute literary knowledge and appreciation more widely ;
Lea vices promoted the “great tradition “ of Shakespeare and
Milton to improve the moral sensibilities of a wider range of
readers than just the elite.
 Althusser insisted that ideology was ultimately in control of
the people that “main function of ideology is to reproduce
the society’s existing relations of production and that that
function is even carried out in literary texts.”
 Cultural materialists also turned to the more humanized and
even spiritual insights of the great students of Rabelais and
Dostoevsky, Russian formalist Bakhtn, especially his
amplification of the dialogic form of communal, individual
and social.

6. American multiculturalism

7.  Since the 1960s, scholars and political activists, recognizing
that the “melting pot” concept fails to acknowledge that
immigrant groups do not, and should not, entirely abandon
their distinct identities, embraced multiculturalism and
diversity.
 The curriculum, which had for decades relied upon the
“melting pot” metaphor as an organizing framework, began
to employ the alternative notion of the “American mosaic.”
 Multiculturalism, in the context of the “American mosaic,”
celebrates the unique cultural heritage of racial and ethnic
groups, some of whom seek to preserve their native
languages and lifestyles.

8.  In a sense, individuals can be Americans and at the
same time claim other identities, including those
based on racial and ethnic heritage, gender, and sexual
preference.
 American multiculturalism divided into four part.
(a)African American writer
(b)Latin/o Writer
(c)American Indian literature
(d)Asian American writer

9. American
multiculturalism
African
American
writer
Asian
American
writer
American
Indian
literature
Latin/o
Writer

10. African American writer
 African American writers is widely pursued in
American literature criticism from the recovery of the
eighteenth century poets such as Phillies wealthy to
the experimental novel of Toni Morison, In Shadow
and Act 1964novel Ralph Ellison Argue that any ''viable
theatre of Negro American culture obligates us to
fashion a more adequate theory of American culture as
a whole''.
 African American writer display a folkloric concept of
humankind.

11. • W.E.B Du
Bois
• Toni
Morrison
• Martin
Luther
King
• Zora
Neale
Hurston
4 3
21

12. Latin/o Writer
 We will used the term ‘Latina/o’ to indicate a broad
sense of ethnicity among Spanish-speaking people in
the Us. Mexican American are largest group and most
influenced group of Latina/o ethnicities in the Us.
 Latina/os are reflected at an unprecedented rate in arts
, broadcasting and entertainment.
 Three archetypes central to Latina identity.
 They define America as a ‘living border’ and a site of
‘Continual crossover.’

13. They are:
La malinche
La Virgen de Guadalupe
La Llorona
Malinche is name of
women Aztec who…..

14. American Indian literature
• Include tales and
song.
Traditional
Indian
literature
• Include Fiction poetry
and autobiography.
Mainstream
Indian
Literature

15.  In Traditional Indian Literature North American
continent composed for tribal language and
performed for tribal audience.
 Traditional Literature is Oral Because…….
 This is not accessible for average reader.
 Today this literature written in English
 It translated from Cherokee into English.
 Mainstream Indian Literature written by Indians in
English in tradition genre.

16. Asian American writer
 Asian American Literature is written by Asian people who
decent in United State addressing the experience of living
in a society that views them as Alien.
 In this Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Malaysian,
Polynesian and many other people of Asia are include.
 This culture present a confusing array of Language,
religion, social structure and skin colors .
 This category is wide and largest than other three writer.
 Carlos Blouson, Frank Chin, Louis Chu, Sui Sin Far (1865-
1914)
Gish Jen, Maxine Hong Kingston, Jhumpa Lahiri, Chang-Rae
Lee ,Toshio Mori (1910-1980), John Okada (1923-1971)