Scarification involves deliberately cutting or burning designs, pictures, or words into the skin for permanent body modification. It is an ancient practice used in rituals and rites of passage to transmit messages about identity, social roles, and inclusion in a group. Ink or color can be rubbed into fresh cuts to add color and have a similar effect to tattoos. Reasons for scarification include marking puberty, marriage, and emphasizing social and religious roles.

1. SCARIFICATION
involves scratching, etching,
burning / branding, or superficially
cutting designs, pictures, or words
into the skin as a permanent body
modification.

2. Types of body scarring
• SCARIFICATION:the practice
of purposely scarring skin
tissue to leave permanent
marks, is a very ancient
practice that reaches back
to the earliest stages of the
human race. This form of
body modification has been
used in ancient rituals as a
rite of passage.

3. Types of body scarring
• INK RUBBING:Tattoo ink (or another sterile
coloring agent) is rubbed into a fresh cut to add
color to the scar. Most of the ink remains in the
skin as the cut heals, and will have the same
basic effect as a tattoo.

4. REASONS FOR SCARIFICATION
• Used to transmit complex
messages about identity,
such as puberty and
marriage.
• Permanent body marking
emphasized social, political
and religious roles.
• being considered as a
normal member of the
group.

5. MUSIC
 is very much part of life and living
 have a rich variety of song and music
performed on instruments
 often performed on groups, all members in
the community are welcome and encourage
to join the singing, dancing and play
instruments
their music are communal and participatory

6. Important activities where music is utilized
Invocation with Anitos
Healing rituals
Wedding and festivals
Other life cycle events such as birth,
coming of age, work, marriage and
death

7. Vocal music
• ENGAGEMENT
expression in a heart
singing.
• TALIPE
wedding song, short
story and advices.
Song accompanied by
dance with meaningful
gestures and steps, jive to
the harmony and beat of
the song

8. Vocal music
• DUDURU - story telling about
their failures, problem and
situation in enchanting song.
• BATUMBABOY - performed on
how to hunt and depend their
selves.
• PLANTING/HARVESTING
TIME - sing to call Anitos for the
Goddess of good harvest, bless
the crops and to avoid
the pest to come over to their
crops.
• MAPYA YA DIOS - (God is good)
religious song

9. Musical instruments