The document discusses parallel structure in sentences. It provides examples of sentences with parallel structures and identifies the grammatical forms being parallelized, such as present tense verbs, adverbs, etc. It also discusses parallelism with coordinators and correlatives conjunctions. Parallel structure means using the same grammatical forms in a sentence. The document then discusses problems like sentence fragments, choppy sentences, run-on sentences, comma splices, and stringy sentences, providing examples and solutions for each.

2. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES
My English conversation
class is made up of Chinese,
Spaniards, and Bosnian
students.
• What kind of list can you see in this
sentence?
• What is the word form that is being

3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES
My English conversation
class is made up of Chinese,
Spanish, and Bosnian
students.
Now this sentence follows the rule of
parallelism.

4. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES
The students who do well
attend class, they do their
homework, and practice
speaking in English.
• What kind of list can you see in this
sentence?
• What is the word form that is being

5. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES
The teacher wanted to know
which country we came from
and our future goals.
• What kind of list can you see in this
sentence?
• What is the word form that is being

6. PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES
The language skills of the
students in the evening
classes are the same as the
day classes.
• What kind of list can you see in this
sentence?
• What is the word form that is being

7. PARALLELISM WITH COORDINATORS
Words, phrases and clauses joined
with and, or, and but must follow
parallelism.
• Study the examples on p.192.
• Identify the repeating structures,
(are they present tense verbs?
adverbs? etc.)

9. PARALLELISM WITH CORRELATIVE
CONJUNCTIONS
In paired conjunctions, use parallel
forms.
• Study the examples on p.192.
• What are the word pairs?
• Identify the repeating structures.

10. Parallel structure
means using the same
grammatical forms in a
sentence.

17. Problem 1
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
Sentence fragments are incomplete
sentences.

18. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

19. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
Because some students work
part-time while taking a full
load of class.

20. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
• Add an independent clause.
• Delete the subordinator.
• Complete the clause with a missing
subject or verb.
Solutions1

21. Problem 2
CHOPPY SENTENCES
Choppy sentences are too short.
There are usually several choppy
sentences in a row.

22. CHOPPY SENTENCES
Wind is an enduring source of
power. Water is also an
unlimited energy sourc. Dams
produce hydraulic power. They
have existed for a long time.
Windmills are relatively new.

24. Solution 2
CHOPPY SENTENCES
Combine two or three sentences to
make a compound or complex
sentence.

25. Problem 3a
RUN-ON SENTENCES
A run-on sentence is a sentence with
two or more independent clauses
that have no punctuation.

26. RUN-ON SENTENCES
My family went to Australia
then they emigrated to
Canada.

27. Problem 3b
COMMA SPLICES
A comma splice is a sentence with
two or more independent clauses
that are joined together with a
comma.

28. COMMA SPLICES
My family went to Australia,
then they emigrated to
Canada.

29. Solution 3
RUN-ON SENTENCES & COMMA SPLICES
• Add a period.
• Add a semicolon.
• Add a coordinator.
• Add a subordinator.

30. Problem 4
STRINGY SENTENCES
A stringy sentence has too many
clauses, which are usually
connected with and, but, so, and
sometimes because.

31. STRINGY SENTENCES
Many students attend classes
all morning, and then they
have to work all afternoon,
and they also have to study at
night, so they are usally
exhausted by the weekend.

32. STRINGY SENTENCES
• Divide the sentence.
• Recombine the clauses, and add
subordinators.
Solution 4