easy to understand

1. GERUND

2. Functions of Gerund
1. Subject of Verb
E.g.: Sleeping is necessary to health.
Working in this condition is pleasure.
2. Object of Verb
E.g.: We enjoy seeing this film.
My friend likes dancing.
Would you mind opening the window?
3. Object of Preposition
E.g.: He is very fond of singing.
She is interested in collecting stamps.
Are you afraid of dying?

3. 4. Complement of “To be” (Subj. cannot do the action.)
E.g.: The only thing that interests her is dancing.
His duty is teaching English.
My hobby is playing football.
My routine work is teaching grammar.
5. “Gerund” is used as “Noun in apposition”.
E.g.: I’m very tired of my routine work, teaching English.
The sport, hunting wild animal, is very dangerous.
His constant habit, coming late, always makes the teacher
angry.
6. “Gerund” can be used after verb “To go”. (It means “go to
have pleasure”.)
E.g.: I go swimming/shopping/fishing.

4. Note: “Come + gerund” means “To invite”.
E.g.: Come dancing with me, please.
7. “Gerund” can be used before noun as adjective.
E.g.: A walking-stick
A knitting-needle
A swimming-pool
A reading book
Note: “V1 + ing” modifying to noun can be “Gerund” or “Present Participle”.
 If the noun it modifies to cannot do the action, it is “Gerund”.
E.g.: A reading book is on the table.
 If the noun it modifies to can do the action, it is “Present
Participle”.

5. E.g.: A reading boy is my son.
A walking man is my father.
A barking dog is mine.
8. “Gerund” can be used with “Possessive Adjective”.
E.g.: We appreciated on your coming.
He was chosen because of his being a fully qualified engineer.
Note: “Gerund” is often used with possessive adjective when it is
a subject of verb.
E.g.: I am sure that your working should be praised.
“Possessive Adjective + Gerund” can be used as object of verbs:
-To delay
-To postpone
-To deny
E.g.: You should not delay your sending of the application form.
He does not deny his breaking of the agreement.
I had to postpone my writing to him to later day.

6. 9. “Gerund” is used in prohibition.
E.g.: No parking! (Parking is prohibited.)
No spitting! (Spitting is prohibited.)
10. “Gerund” is used after verb “To need” with passive
meaning.
E.g.: My house needs repairing. (My house needs to be repaired.)
THIS IS THE END!