Gerunde

To-infinitive + Gerund ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

afford / agree ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hope / wish ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Expect / fail ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ask / decide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

No major difference in meaning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Begin Continue Start intend

Gerund ( general ), to-infinitive ( particular situation ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Love Like Hate Prefer

The Gerund is formed by adding ‘ ing ’ to the base form of a verb. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Gerund can be used – ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

After adjectives + preposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

finish ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

deny ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

After verbs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bare infinitive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bare infinitive – p111 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],She saw a man enter the room. I heard the boys quarrel with each other. Feel See Watch Notice Hear Listen to

1 I enjoy to swim. Which is correct ? 2 I 　 enjoy swimming . right

1 I want to study . Which is correct ? 2 　 I want studying . right

1 I finish to eat . Which is correct ? 2 　 I finish eating . right

1 I need to study . Which is correct ? 2 　 I need studying . right

1 I hope to study . Which is correct ? 2 　 I hope studying . right

1 I stopped to smoke . Which is correct ? 2 　 I stopped smoking . right

Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund To infinitive Gerund (-ing forms) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. After some verbs (eg: expect, afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose, fail, learn, promise, hesitate...etc) Eg: I expect to pass the exams. 3. After some verbs (eg: dislike, enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can ’ t help … etc) Eg: I ’ ll finish studying in June.

Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund To infinitive Gerund (-ing forms) 4. After some adjectives and nouns .( adj =easy, happy, glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult, dangerous ...etc; noun = work , money to spend, something to drink, different ways to protect her. … etc) Eg: She is ready to leave. (adj) Eg: I am glad to see you. (adj) Eg: I ’ ve got work to do. (n) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],5. Some verbs can be followed by either gerund or to-infinitive Eg: I love going to school/ I love to go to school 5. eg: begin, continue, hate, love, start … etc.

Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund To infinitive Gerund (-ing forms) 6. used in general sense (eg: love, like, hate, prefer..etc) Eg: I like swimming. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with the same meaning. ( eg: love, like, begin, start, intend, continue..etc) ,[object Object],[object Object],* Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with different meaning. (Eg: remember, try..etc)

Gerunde

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Gerunde