1. The document discusses dilated cerebral ventricles as seen on clinical imaging. It provides 10 figures showing examples of ventricle dilation caused by various conditions, such as congenital hydrocephalus, choroid plexus papilloma, normal aging, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. 2. The figures demonstrate examples of generalized and localized ventricular enlargement, obstructive vs communicating hydrocephalus, loss of brain volume from cerebral hemiatrophy and occipital atrophy from intrauterine infection. 3. Imaging is useful for diagnosing the underlying causes of ventricle dilation and assessing treatment needs like ventricular shunting.

1. 1Dilated Cerebral Ventricles

2. CLINICAL IMAGAGING
AN ATLAS OF DIFFERENTIAL DAIGNOSIS
EISENBERG
DR. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
PGR-FCPS III SIMS/SHL

3. • Fig SK 1-1 Level of the foramen of Monro. (A)
Bilateral enlargement of the frontal horns with
a normal-sized third ventricle in a patient with
a hyperdense colloid cyst (c). (B) Unilateral
enlargement of the left frontal horn caused by
a tiny hypodense unilateral tumor (arrow).

4. • Fig SK 1-2 Level of the aqueduct. Dilatation of
the lateral (L) and third (T) ventricles in a
patient with congenital hydrocephalus. The
symptoms of headache and papilledema were
resolved after ventricular shunting.

5. • Fig SK 1-3 Dandy-Walker cyst. Huge low-
density cyst that occupies most of the
enlarged posterior fossa and represents an
extension of the dilated fourth ventricle.

6. • Fig SK 1-4 Communicating hydrocephalus.
Generalized ventricular enlargement in a 69-
year-old patient with ataxia, dementia, and
incontinence. Note the absence of the dilated
sulci in the obstructive hydrocephalus.1

7. • Fig SK 1-5 Choroid plexus papilloma.
Enhancing ventricular mass (arrow) causing
pronounced generalized enlargement of the
ventricular system.

8. • Fig SK 1-6 Normal aging. CT scan of a 70-year-
old man shows generalized ventricular
dilatation with prominence of the sulci over
the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.

9. • Fig SK 1-7 Alzheimer's disease. Noncontrast
scan of a 56-year-old woman with progressive
dementia shows generalized enlargement of
the ventricular system and sulci.

10. • Fig SK 1-8 Huntington's disease. (A) CT scan in a normal
patient shows the heads of the caudate nucleus (black
arrowheads) producing a normal concavity of the
frontal horns (white arrowheads). (B) In a patient with
Huntington's disease, atrophy of the caudate nucleus
causes a characteristic loss of the normal concavity
(white arrowheads) of the frontal horns.

11. • Fig SK 1-9 Cerebral hemiatrophy (Davidoff-Dyke syndrome). CT scan
of a 5-year-old boy who had intrauterine difficulties demonstrates
extensive loss of brain volume in the left hemisphere. There is also
enlargement of the left hemicalvarium (C), enlargement of the left
frontal sinus (S), and a shift of midline structures such as the third
ventricle (arrowhead) from right to left. The low density in the
remainder of the hemisphere represents encephalomalacia.

12. • Fig SK 1-10 Localized atrophy. Contrast-
enhanced scan of an infant with intrauterine
infection shows bilateral occipital atrophy.
Note the cephalhematoma (C) on the right.