This document discusses literature and female identity. It argues that female identity has been influenced by patriarchal notions that view women as "the other". French feminists view women as the other subject rather than object. The document outlines two modes of feminist criticism - ideological criticism that offers feminist readings, and the study of women writers. It argues that for women to establish their authentic identity, they must actively engage in formulating and analyzing critical theories from a women-centered perspective, independent of male critical theory.
Symbolism in Archetypal criticism of Northrop FryeSagar Ladhva
This is my presentations of Symbolism in Archetypal criticism of Northrop Frye. Northrop Fry was a Canadian critics or theorist.Archetypal Means like: Arche “first” and typos “form”
An original model or pattern from which copies are made.
Symbolism in Archetypal criticism of Northrop FryeSagar Ladhva
This is my presentations of Symbolism in Archetypal criticism of Northrop Frye. Northrop Fry was a Canadian critics or theorist.Archetypal Means like: Arche “first” and typos “form”
An original model or pattern from which copies are made.
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
Ecriture feminine in possession by A.S. ByattBianca Adle
A power point presentation about Ecriture Feminine in the writing style of A.S. Byatt's Possession and an analysis of the two subplots plresented in the novel.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This article is written by Simone de Beauvoir .
[ it is clearly explain in this article that rights include to live free from violence ,slavery and discrimination ; to be educated ;to own property ;to vote and to earn a fair and equal wage ..
[ women are entitled to all of these rights ]
“The Archetypal Lens” is a presentation exploring the preliminary application of an Integral approach to archetypes and archetypes in the cinematic arts. Presented at MetaIntegral Academy for the Advanced Meta‐Movieology Course on April 16, 2015. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3885.0724)
Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes (from the Greek archē, "beginning," and typos, "imprint") in the narrative, symbols, images, and character types in literary work.
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
Ecriture feminine in possession by A.S. ByattBianca Adle
A power point presentation about Ecriture Feminine in the writing style of A.S. Byatt's Possession and an analysis of the two subplots plresented in the novel.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This article is written by Simone de Beauvoir .
[ it is clearly explain in this article that rights include to live free from violence ,slavery and discrimination ; to be educated ;to own property ;to vote and to earn a fair and equal wage ..
[ women are entitled to all of these rights ]
“The Archetypal Lens” is a presentation exploring the preliminary application of an Integral approach to archetypes and archetypes in the cinematic arts. Presented at MetaIntegral Academy for the Advanced Meta‐Movieology Course on April 16, 2015. (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3885.0724)
Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes (from the Greek archē, "beginning," and typos, "imprint") in the narrative, symbols, images, and character types in literary work.
The fairy tale is usually regarded as children’s literature. It shapes the characters through rich fantasy and exaggeration. The story reflects every aspect of our life and has an educational effect on readers, especially on children. Originated from the folk lore, fairy tale is one of the most important materials for the research on local conditions and customs at that time as well as its function of moral education. However, feminists analyze it from a brand new perspective. As most of the fairy tales are written or edited during the period when men hold the leading role in society, it is unavoidable that they contain the ideology of patriarchy to some extent. The paper will focus on one classic fairy tale in The Grimm Fairy Tale -- Sleeping Beauty (Briar Rose in Grimm’s book) and try to analyze the contexts from the angle of feminism. The purpose is to reveal the patriarchy hidden behind the seemingly romantic story. What’s more, it is also helpful to put forward the depth and scope of the research of feminism to improve and develop the women’s liberation, and enrich the diversification of the methodology and perspective of research. From the angle of feminism, it can be concluded from the fairy tales that in patriarchal society, women are in the position of “the other” and totally dependent on men, mentally and financially. They have to obey the social rules set by men and meet men’s pleasure for the seemingly happy ending. There are so much left for us to accomplish in the purpose of changing this situation.
Storying the Self in Nigerian Gender Discourse: A Critical Evaluation of Chim...inventionjournals
:This article offers a critical review of the Nigerian female writer ChimamandaNgoziAdichie’s autobiographical essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014). Beyond the binarism of self and other and male and female inherent to any work on gender, we study the concept of Happy Feminism and its related issues introduced by Adichie in Nigerian gender discourse. By contrast with classic feminism, happy feminism is defined as a kind of feminism adapted to the African cultural context which empowers African women, improves their self-esteem and excludes any form of sexism, misogyny, misandry or emasculation. Based on a Personality Psychological approach to personal narratives and using a narratological and socio-literary framework, this article explores and puts into question the relevance of the term Happy Feminism by confronting it to current studies on Nigerian gender discourse. While not neglecting Adichie’s contribution to the elaboration of Nigerian gender discourse, the article highlights the fact that the concept of Happy Feminism is problematically undertheorised.
"Queer theory is a term that has been applied to a body of work that has explored gay, lesbian and bisexual life experience. Crucial to queer theory is the recovery of the concealed and repressed presence of gay and lesbian 'actors' and activities within social and cultural life.
Gender Performativity in Buchi Emecheta’s KehindeQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Gender is no longer considered as the product of genetics or biological truth. It is, on the other hand, perceived as a performative- a doing rather than a being- constituted and maintained as a recognizable subject in a heterosexual matrix. Nigerian women writers focus on the performative dimension of gender identity in their literary texts. They offer a comprehensive resistance to essentialization of gender identity and argue for a resignified identity of Nigerian women. This study reads Buchi Emecheta’s Kehinde through the lens of gender performativity to expose gender as a fluid concept that can be taken out of prior contexts and be reiterated in ways contrary to original patriarchal intentions. In doing so, Emecheta destabilizes heteronormative gender performatives and opens the possibility of Nigerian women to evolve into strong, independent and empowered individuals. In essence, the female protagonist of Kehinde establishes a resignified identity of a Nigerian woman that questions essential gender identities, critiques heteronormative hegemony and people that propagate it, and is proud of being a black woman
Investigations were carried out to see the effect of pesticide 'companion' on the proximal composition and enzyme namely amylase, GOT and GPT of whole green gram in the early stages of germination. The findings revealed that the pesticides increase the enzyme activity in the early stages of germination and thus increase the metabolic rate. The Vitamin-C content was also enhanced with the use of pesticide, but there was a decrease in the proximal composition of the gram when treated with pesticide.
Afghanistan as a landlocked country occupies crucial geo-strategic
location connecting East & west Asia. This work is also the sincere effort to highlight the
factors which can bring sustainable development and peace in Afghanistan & also those
negative factors which are encouraging extremism of Taliban, terrorism and undue interference
by some countries. Generally it has been seen that the regional powers are also vary in action.
I also highlight the role of regional and trans- regional actors which are creating obstacles
in the construction of peaceful Afghanistan. I have also try to highlights the suggestions and
recommendation for the establishment of sustainable development & peace in afghanistan
through the collective support of major powers.
Key words : Afghanistan, Taliban, Great Game, Durand line,Russia ,Caspian sea,WTC
The research paper focuses on the Indian immigrant's experiences of immigration, nostalgia, language,
tradition, and acculturation in the host land with reference to Uma Parameswaran's literary fiction, "What Was
Always Hers". As a diasporic writer, she has seen and experienced immigrant life in the host country, Canada
and in her diasporic works; she has highlighted Indian immigrants' cultural displacement in the adopted country,
Canada. In the present book, she has explored the immigrant life of Indians especially immigrated women in their
adopted country. Her characters are always live in confusion to accept the culture of the native country or host
country and express their socio-cultural ties towards their homeland.
1. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, November, 2012, ISSN 0974- 2832, RNI- RAJBIL- 2009/29954; VoL IV * ISSUE- 46
Research Paper- English
Literature and Female Identity
* Gurbir Kaur November ,2012
* Research Scholar, Ph. D English C.M.J. University Shillong, Meghalaya
Literature and female identity are inseparable, as both handmaid, the female servant, the devotee who sub-
have influenced each-other from times immemorial. A mits to God in submitting to the male. We can multiply
more suitable phrase for "female identity" would be examples, but they would invariably lead us to the
"woman identity" as the term female, reduces a woman same conclusion. The absence or significance of the
to the biological dimensions of herself, whereas the feminine element throughout the work of an author is
word woman would include the female, the feminine, extremely important when it sums up in its totality all
the feminist, and all that which has been excluded uptil the aspects of the other as happens with Lawrence. It
now. None has bothered to find if there really exists remains important when woman is viewed simply as
anything called woman's identity. Many reasons are other but the writer is interested in the individual ad-
attributable to this course. History has shown us that venture of her life.
men have always kept in their hands all concrete pow- Some French feminist like Irigary, Julia
ers since the earliest days of the patriarchate they have Kristeva and Cixous have carried forward the legacy of
thought it best to keep women in a state of depen- Simon De Beauvoir but have given a radically different
dence, their codes of law have been set up against her meaning to the 'other' in literature. In French feminism
and thus she has been definitely established as the the woman identity is not the man's other as in Simone
other. We see woman as flesh, the flesh of male is De Beauvoir, but the other in herself. So she becomes
produced in the mother's body and re-created in the the other as subject not object. According to these
embraces of the woman. Thus woman is related to feminists, literature is the product of culture and our
nature, she incarnates it, she represents to man the existing culture is predominantly patriarchal. There is
fertile soil, she can be mediatrix between this world and a due need to locate women identity from a women's
the beyond. She is doomed to immanence and through perspective who is the other as subject. According to
her passivity she bestows peace and harmony. But if French feminist this can happen only if more and more
she declines this role she is seen forthwith as a praying enlightened and aware women take up to the writing of
mantis or an ogress. In all these cases she appears as literature. Such writings which would puncture the
the man's privileged 'other'. In literature the battle be- whole patriarchal notions and ideology behind woman
tween the sexes, the search for woman's identity is identity represented until now.
inevitably linked to the conflict between self and the Elaine Showalter further suggests a way out.
other. Infact there has been a large production of woman According to her woman can make a mark of their
stereotypes. The ideal woman is the one who incar- identity only when they can actively engage them-
nates most exactly the man's other. Cloudel defines her selves in the formulation and analysis of various criti-
as a soul-sister while Breton cherishes her rooted in cal theories. As per Showalter there are two distinct
nature. modes of feminist criticism and to conflate them is to
"A woman is not born, she becomes" says remain permanently bemused by their theoretical po-
Simone De Beauvoir. It is through the system of patri- tentialities. The first mode is ideological, it is con-
archy that men hold the position of the subject. A cerned with the feminist as reader and it offers feminist
subject from where the action originates. Women in the readings of the texts which consider the images and
repressive history have never asserted themselves as stereotypes of women in literature, the omissions and
women. A woman is not allowed to search her 'authen- misconceptions about women in criticism. A reader
tic self'. She is the victim of bad faith. There is a whole with feminine sensibility is bound to question Milton's
plethora of attitudes towards women which constraint silence on the role of women in his epic poem Paradise
her development as an independent identity. She is Lost. God, Satan both are male, the holy spirit has no
required in every case to forget self and then love. sex. Satan's army has all male angels. Where are women
Montherlant consents to a woman who gives up being in the whole episode. Did they never exist at that time.
herself for the man's sake and Clandel exalts the The second mode to locate authentic woman
SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN 1
2. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, November, 2012, ISSN 0974- 2832, RNI- RAJBIL- 2009/29954; VoL IV * ISSUE- 46
identity is the study of women as writers and its sub- is male critical theory. The male critical theory keeps us
jects are history, styles, themes, genres and structures dependent upon it and retards our progress in solving
of writing by women, the psychodynamics of female women theoretical problems. So long the women will
creativity, the trajectory of the individual or collective look to andocentric models for our most basic prin-
female career and the evolution and laws of a female ciples- even if revised by adding feminist frame of
literary tradition. According to Showalter women can reference, we are learning nothing new. Our way of
make a mark of their identity only when they actively reading is so one-sided that when male critics boast of
engage themselves in the formulation and analysis of their ignorance of feminist criticism, it is disheartening
the various critical theories. She further suggests that to find feminist critics, still anxious for approval from
woman should trace genealogy of literature written by the white fathers'. It is time for feminist criticism to
women themselves. It is only when the critical faculty decide whether between religion and revision we can
of women is sharpened enough to pose an active resis- claim any firm theoretical ground for locating the au-
tance to patriarchal ways of reading. thentic woman identity. In calling for a feminist criti-
All feminist criticism is in some sense revi- cism that is genuinely women centered, independent
sionist, questioning the adequacy of accepted con- and intellectually coherent.
ceptual structures. The most exciting and comprehen- Showalter's insight is very useful but it needs
sive case for this "revisionary imperative" is made by to be improved with a dose of French feminist identity.
Sandra Gilbert. She asserts, feminist criticism 'wants to One has a lot to learn from woman's studies and from
decode and demystify all the disguised questions and international feminist theory. Question on women iden-
answers that have always shadowed the connections tity must be addressed and confronted, problems must
between textuality and sexuality, genre and gender, be discussed, questions be asked and answers be
psychosexual identity and cultural authority'. We can- soughted, as literature is a part of the struggle- a part
not find the true female identity until the norms for of the larger emancipation struggle.
critically judging the representation of female identity
R E F E R E N C E
1 Beauvoir, Simone de, The Second Sex, translated and ed. by H.M. Parshlay 1953, rpt London: Pan Books, 1988.
2 Showalter, Elaine (To New Feminist Criticism (1985) ed. Showalter) or (Feminist Criticism in Wilderness Pluralism and
Feminist Critique).
3 Gilbert, Sandra M., "What do Feminist Critics Want? A Postcard from the Volcano."
2