Presentation.ppt

EXPLORING FEMINIST
IDENTITY THROUGH MAGIC
REALISM: A STUDY OF THE
REPRESENTATION(S) OF
WOMEN’S CONDITION IN THE
WORKS OF MARQUEZ
Presented by:
Attia Saman
Supervisor: Dr. Munazza Yaqoob

Introduction:
 “Magic Realism" by definition “refers to any extra
ordinary occurrence and particularly to anything…
unaccountable by rational science. The variety of
magic occurrences in magic realist writing includes
ghosts, disappearances, miracles, extraordinary
talents, and strange atmosphere but does not
include magic as it is found in magic shows.

Magic Realism As It Has Been Used in
Novels:
 Is a blend of magic and real such as levitation and
missing people appearing magically.
 Represents kinds of subversive acts that reveal
interrelatedness of binary oppositions such as real to
marvelous, salaried portion of society to landed
gentry and finally female in comparison to male.
 Represents the reversal of the system of binary
oppositions questions the dominant culture and
conventions of these patriarchal characterizations.
 Attacks the dominant culture and its authoritative
version of truth to actively provide a new and more
comprehensive mode of representation.

Novels:
 Opens the world to new and imaginative social and
political possibilities
 Draws attention to the clever moves and subtleties
used by magic realists in order to subvert from
patriarchal representations of gender and oppression
of the female by the dominant gender.
 Presents itself as an alternative rhetoric of race,
gender, and class
 Functions as an insightful cultural commentary.

Novels:
 Functions as a genre of subversion
 Is a mode suited to exploring– and transgressing–
boundaries, [. . .] ontological, political, geographical,
or generic. [It] facilitates the fusion, or coexistence,
of possible worlds, spaces, and systems that would
be irreconcilable in other modes of fiction

Introduction:
 Magic realism does not exclude or subvert people of
dominant classes, but the system that favors some
and excludes others. But only criticizing male
supremacy does not help women gain a quality life.
However, the political system... is the major
antagonistic force to the development of society. This
indicates that feminism is not about women versus
men, but rather about women versus repressive
institutions. Likewise, magic realism can be seen in
this perspective, critiquing cultural values instead of
groups of people.

Introduction:
 Regardless of authorship either written by male or
female magic realism is so far the most appropriate
mode to discuss and exhibit the real conditions of
women in this patriarchal society (Faris)
 Mostly it has been practiced that if a writer writes in a
mode outside of the dominant discourse, the writer is
often labeled as unconventional, exotic, strange, or
simply other. In rhetoric this categorization has
become a source of power. Feminism represents a
“wider array of cultural, political, ideological,
economic, and social backgrounds

Introduction:
 Magic realist texts are subversive:
1. Their in-betweenness, their all-at-onceness
encourages resistance to monologic political and
cultural structures, a feature that has made the
mode particularly useful to writers … and,
increasingly, to women.
2. To revise expectations about what is normal about
femininity and what is othered. Additionally
studying academic, and popular portrayals of
women who defy patriarchal norms, challenge
patriarchy, raise voice against suppression, and
move beyond limits of reality to achieve their
feminine identity. Marquez has questioned reality,
redefined, and taught powerful feminism through
his narrative.

Objectives of the Research:
 To bring out to surface the varieties of feminine from
the evil suppressive and manipulative female to the
submissive and powerless. The study of the texts
reveals the ways in which the female characters use
and abuse power.
 To shed some light on the issues related to the
condition of the feminine and how magic realism
contributes to the representation of these identities.
 To analyze the aspects of feminist critical thought
which have been scarcely dealt with by other
theorists

Research Questions:
1: How does magic realism serve to be an ideal mode of writing
for feminist writers?
2: Assuming magic realism to be a popular form of literature
adopted by most feminist writers, how does magic realism
connect with feminist literature to establish feminist identity
and represent the condition of female characters?
3: How has Garcia Marquez represented his political version of
feminine by providing readers with diverse representations of
his female characters?
4: How does Garcia Marquez’s narrative defy the established
norms of Other and suppressed female by depicting powerful
women who suppress other submissive and less privileged
female characters?
5: How do Garcia Marquez’s texts defy their own representations
within their own existing structures by representing the internal
binaries of feminine?

Delimitation:
 The texts by Gabriel Garcia Marquez that are
selected for this study are:
1. One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)
2. The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Erendira
and her Heartless Grandmother (1978)
3. No One Writes to the Colonel (1961)
4. Love in the Time of Cholera (1985).

Delimitation:
The study focuses on the:
 Context of identity constructions of female
characters by the use of magic realism.
 Deconstructive analysis of the privileged
representation(s) in the light of Butler’s and De
Beauvoir’s assertion regarding performative identity
constructs.
 The connections between magic realism and
feminist epistemology have been established in the
light of the works of Bowers, Zamora and Faris.

Review of Literature:
 Female authors have been experimenting with
writing narratives to challenge the categorization of
women in society. It is quite surprising, however to
see these many male authors who have been
successful in representation of the inner complexities
of female characters, and political versions of
feminine identity

Rosemary Jackson
 Rosemary Jackson suggests that “the real” in novels
represents dominant discourse, while the fantastic
represents “the Other” and “the oppressed”.
 Magic realists approach this incongruity by
subverting from traditional approaches to knowledge,
culture, language, gender, race and history, among
other things. By subverting these ideals, but not
destroying them or submitting to them, magic realists
place their texts in important political position of
being able to reflect and guide the way cultures
interact with each other.

Constructing the Feminist Identity:
Subversion and Diverseness
Simone de Beauvior
 “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman No
biological, psychological, or economical fate determines
the figure that the human female presents in society. It is
civilization as a whole that produces this creature which
is determined as feminine”
 classification of the feminine as the “other” is essential in
construction of all human subjectivity
 The category ‘woman’ has consequently no material
significance and she is therefore a mere projection of
male fears and fantasies
 Women also have adopted these definitions and learned
to “dream through the dreams of men”

 There still remains a chance for women to be
subversive in some limited ways
 as women can grasp the subject position they have
so far been denied.
 Woman will exist for herself: she will be a Subject as
man is a Subject, an Other for him only so far as he
is for her.
 the basic reason of women’s subjugation and
oppression lies in their racial and cultural
construction as Other

Betty Friedan
 Recommends a “drastic reshaping of the cultural image
of femininity that will permit women to reach maturity,
identity, and completeness of self
 Chief charge and the lone responsibility for woman is the
gratification of her own femininity
 The mistake which is the central part of all troubles that
women have faced in the past has been that women
have always tried to be like and coveted men, instead of
accommodating or adapting the nature that seems
inherent to them. It has been irrationally assumed that
women may seek contentment only in sexual passivity,
male domination, and nurturing maternal love.

Kate Millet
 Proliferated the phrase ‘sexual politics’ and developed
the term ‘patriarchy’ exterior to its original definition and
defined it as the domination of the elder male within a
traditional relationship structure, to provide for the
“institutionalized oppression” of women by men
 Patriarchy is a political institution
 Millett does not see women’s subjection as a factor in
their persistent oppression. Millet believes that patriarchal
ideology relies upon false representations which have
been politically positioned against women, who are its
victims. A woman’s apparent complicity can be explained
by her status as ‘a dependency class’

Judith Butler
 Not to prescribe a new gendered way of life, but to open
up the field of possibility for gender.
 Questions the “formation of identity and subjectivity”
 The processes by which we become subjects to
discrimination when we assume the socially or politically
sexed/gendered/raced identities which are constructed
for us and to an extent by us within existing power
structures
 Foucault’s notion of the “variable constructions of sex
and sexuality in different societies and contexts provide
Butler with a theoretical framework” to set up ideas
relevant to “gender, sex and sexuality as unfixed and
constructed identities

 Butler began the study of the category of female as a self-
evident identity.
 Under light of Foucauldian formulations many 20th century
theorists began to believe that sex was not biologically
constructed rather it was ‘discursively constructed’ as a sexed
category.
 Woman itself is a term in process, a “becoming” a
“constructing” that cannot rightfully be said to originate or end
 Beauvoir and Butler emphasize that gender is a procedure
that it is something that we “do” rather than we “are”
 Butler discusses this idea in Gender Trouble and suggests that
“Gender is a repeated stylization of the body, a set of repeated
Acts within a highly rigid regulatory frame that congeal over
time to produce the appearance of substance, of a natural sort
of being

Friedrich Hegel
 Hegel has claimed that identity is the product of and
carries within it its relation to what is different and that no
existence of any kind conforms to the (Lockean) maxim
that everything is identical with itself and that difference is
an external relation. In this way Hegel has challenged the
existence of a “self- present identity.
Judith Butler
 Gender is a series of acts recursively occurring, because
it is not possible for one to exist outside the gendered
norms that have been socially agreed and constructed.
 Butler gender is controlled by the power structures
 There are many possibilities for “proliferation”
“subversion

Benhabib
 Woman is confined to the private sphere and defined
as what man is not.
Hall
 Identities are never unified they are the multiple
constructed forms of the “one single core” which are
manipulated, multiplied, fractured and fragmented
through political discourses. Thus the process of
construction of identification is an ongoing
transformation and change.
 Identities are constructed through difference

Laclau
 The constitution of a social identity is an act of
power”
 The constitution of an identity is always based on
exclusion and development of a hierarchy between
two binary oppositions -- man/ woman or the
opposites of black and white relationship, where the
white is associated with strength, purity and black on
the other hand with emptiness, vacuum and vice.
 So the unities are constructed with the play of power
and exclusion.

Judith Butler
 All gender is parodic
 It must be possible to ‘act’ that gender in presenting
themselves as ‘essential’ and ‘natural’
 It is a repeated act an imitation of an imitation and
ultimately the gender parody
 But it is a system of repeated acts which solidify into
the perfected form of parody of always/ already
existing model
 Possibilities of “subversion which leads to subversive
parody

 Interpellation
 Butler contends that “interpellation is not a simple
performative” it is most probable that the subject
might respond in a way to destabilize it.
 Derridean model claims that binary structures would
always privilege one of the binaries over the other:
for example, male over female and black over white.
Instead of trying to reverse, the feminists have tried
to destabilize the structures on which these binaries
are based and formed.

Female Characters of Significance:
1. These texts allow for a reexamination of what
normal means for women in this patriarchal society
where that normal experience can be devalued as
trivial women’s issues.
2. These fictions question received ideas about time,
space and identity
3. By portraying women with kinds of real powers to
change their worlds the feminist authors use magic
realism to allow their readers to explore various
empowered positions and imagine themselves with
power. Magic realism explores as to what happens
when women and power mix.

Female Characters of Significance:
 Magic realist attack on the dominant culture and its
authoritative version of the truth actually provides a
new and more comprehensive mode of referentiality
 By breaking down the notion of absolute truth allows
for the possibility of many truths to exist
simultaneously
 Magic is interchangeably used to point out the
monetary and emotional dependence of women.

Female as the Other:
 The feminist epistemology asserts that all the
negative attributes are attached with the feminine,
whereas, on the other hand the positive attributes
are ascribed to the masculine.
 This would include oppositions of superstitions
versus logical thinking
 Magic realism allows for the reversal of categories”
where the real becomes magic and the magic
appears to be real

The Matron, the Midwife and the Whore:
 Each role has a different rhetorical effect on the
narrative.
 The matron, represents the memory keeper.
 The midwife represents the lower middle class of
oppressed peasant workers.
 The whore often plays a dual role: she has more
freedom and is more desired than the matron or the
midwife, representing the earth and earthly desire.
However, she is also essentially a refuse bin for
men, creating another line of commentary about
men’s relationship with nature

Magic Realism in Novelistic Form:
 Magic realist novel invites its readers to identify
themselves with the characters who are equally
absurd and mundane at the same time
 Every narrative is subject to multiple representations
and interpretations
 Subversion from stereotyping
 Resistance to authority
 An inventive medium of representation of culture and
power.

Magic Realism and Gender Identity:
 Two opposing aspects of the oxymoron i.e. the magic
and the realist
 Disruptive narrative mode
 magic realist texts are subversive
 Female characters “enact” or “perform” subversively
 A mode suited to exploring – and transgressing-
boundaries
 Aristotle__it is better to convince the reader of the
realism of something impossible rather than to be
unconvincing about something that is true
 Challenging and questioning the marginalized identities
of the feminine magic realism helps put the subversive
elements of the feminist identity in the lime light

 Magic realists approach this incongruity by
subverting traditional approaches to knowledge,
culture, language, and history.
 Questions the realities of the representation of
women
 elements of the magic are often related with the
females in the texts
 Descriptions detail the strong presence of the
phenomenal world- this is the realism in magic
realism, distinguishing it from much fantasy and
allegory
 Provides new ways of understanding categories and
not relying on absolute truth or fixed definitions

 Describe the condition of the women who were
unable to express their own version of truth or lives
due to the oppressive authority of patriarchal
environment in which they lived.
 Has been adopted by authors from diverse cultures
 By transgressing from the politics of mis-
representation
 subvert their reality and attempt to present an
alternate view of the magic realist accordingly
 Culturally hybrid mode of representation

 Magic realism proves a particularly productive sort of
forum for slippery boundaries between worlds,
challenging social roles and revealing the unstable
and inherently problematic categories of class,
gender, and race
 All women are shown not as marginal stereo typical
figures
 They are strong, and authoritative powerful,
empathic and curative.

 Erasure
 Writing the Body to subvert the traditional negative
association of women with the body
 Circular Storylines: magic realism relies on circular
argumentation. Often in magic realism, the book
does not end with a resolution

Research Methodology:
 In order to foreground the binaries of the male and
female, real and magical, and powerful and
submissive the researcher has undertaken the
deconstructive analysis of the selected texts.
Research Design
 Critical, analytical and evaluative
 20th century feminists i.e. Butler and De Beauvoir
 Construction of the feminist identity through
discourse
 Establish connections between feminist
epistemology and magic realism
 Bowers, Faris and Zamora

 Critical study of the ideological representations of
feminine in the following texts:
1. No One Writes to the Colonel (1961)
2. One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)
3. The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Erendira
and Her Heartless Grandmother (1972)
4. Love in the Time of Cholera (1985).

Theoretical Framework
 Analytic method of deconstruction has been taken
up
 Philosophical assertions aboutlanguage and its
meaning
 Representing the incoherence of a position
 Concepts can always/already be placed in new
contexts of judgment and that all discourses are
incoherent
 Conceptual oppositions can be reinterpreted
 Study the significant differences and similarities in
the identification of the masculine and feminine.

 Study the figural and rhetorical features of texts
 Highlight unexpected relationships between different
parts of the texts
 Questions familiar oppositions between reason and
rhetoric;
 Between the literal and the figural
 The present study is aimed to undertake the analysis
to determine how Marquez’s texts are overflowing
with multiple and often contradictory meanings.
 Explore how this similarity or difference is
suppressed

 Deconstruction claimed that meanings were
inherently unstable
 Deconstruction seemed to show that all texts
undermined their own logic and had multiple
meanings
 Discourses are essentially incoherent
 Ideologies often operate by privileging certain
features of social life while suppressing or
understating or obliterating others
 Look for what is overlooked, deemphasized, or
suppressed

 Deconstructive arguments expose and critique the
suppression and marginalization of the qualities
associated with women and femininity
 Deconstruct ideological representations of the
binaries of real and unreal; masculine and feminine

 Means through which the male privileging is
constructed by suppressing the feminine by focusing
on how/ why feminist image(s)/ identity (ies) are
subordinated as compared to male images and
identities
 The masculine identity depends upon the subversive
construction of feminine identity
 The figural, linguistic and symbolic features of the
texts that create the subversive feminist identities
 Construction of the female identity which is to some
extent subversive

 Authoritative patriarchal definitions of the feminine
 Develop connection between magic realism and
feminism
 Questioning the marginalized identities of feminine
 Female figure as a strong empowered matriarch

Analysis: Chapter 4
 Strong and independent women, who are self reliant
and inherently rebellious, but at the same time this
power makes them manipulative and corrupt so that
they may oppress the other who is submissive and
less powerful
Female Characters of Significance
 Portrayal of powerful, staunch and strong matriarchs.
 Diversities within the characters
The Matron: The Female Patriarchs
The Rebel
The Midwife: The Submissive Feminine
The Whore

Analysis: Chapter 4
Questioning the Stereotypical Identities and
Patriarchal Definitions of Feminine
 Creates gender stereotypes
 The construction of gender operates through
exclusionary means
 Believes gender is constructed through different
norms and values enforced upon an individual by the
society
 Characters either try to fit into those stereotypes or
defy them. Mostly in the case of Garcia Marquez’s
texts the male characters impose gender
stereotypes while the female characters defy them.

Analysis: Chapter 4
Questioning the Stereotypical Identities and
Patriarchal Definitions of Feminine
 Conducts and attitudes are recognized as commonly
acknowledged standards in the narrative. People
who represent the behaviors otherwise are isolated,
detached and embodied as abnormal and unusual
 Represents masculinity in a stereotypical way which
reinforces the hegemonic ideas about the ways
“real” boys must behave in order to become “real”
men.
 Manhood is something to be proved

Analysis: Chapter 4
Representing the Binary Oppositions
 Men as the dominant sex are responsible for the
suppression of female,
 Women in many diverse and paradoxical ways are
suppressive, manipulative, violent, hypocritical, and
authoritative
 Represented his women as the dominant sex
 Presented the political version of the feminine where
the women are rigid, manipulative
 The female characters in the narrative take up the
empowered positions while the men are portrayed
acquitted and unpretentious

Analysis: Chapter 4
Representing the Binary Oppositions
 Female characters in the novels are significantly
strong, comforting and bossy in some ways. The
men on the other hand are shown weak and seek
women for solace and control.
 Women represent judiciousness and stability,
whereas men are more prone to sense of adventure
and extravagance
 Assigned the role of keeping “order” to women
 Women exercise total control, power and authority
 Garcia Marquez subverts the idea that power is
static

Analysis: Chapter 4
Linguistic, Symbolic and Figural Images of
Feminine Identity
 Constant use of imagery of earth and river
 Alchemical images of the gender:
 In alchemy the masculine principles ___fire, air and
sulfur the feminine ___ water, earth and salt
 Masculine elements are active, dangerous, caustic
and consuming
 Feminine elements are passive, nurturing, flowing,
solid, containing and preserving

Analysis: Chapter 4
Linguistic, Symbolic and Figural Images of
Feminine Identity
 The colors: red, blue, white and black
 Symbolism of earth and mud
 The egg plants
 The motif of the journey
 The visit to the Arcade of Scribes
 Flowers
 Gold
 House as an embodiment of feminine space

Analysis: Chapter 4
Constructing Subversive Identities to Present
Voice against Dominant Cultures
 Feminine beauty is used in order to conceal
something monstrous beneath
 Reinforces the idea of the superiority of some and
the inferiority of others
 If one is biologically born a female, one doesn’t have
to necessarily display the traits most commonly
considered feminine (Butler and De Beauvoir)
 Powerful matriarch
 Respectable, mature and self-controlled

Analysis: Chapter 4
Representing Truth through Ironical Images and
Identities
 Men in the novel are portrayed as desirous young
men who seek solace and comfort in the company of
other women
 Appearances can be deceiving and that one should
not leap to interpretive conclusions
 Inconsistency in the narration
 Unreliable narrative

Analysis: Chapter 5
 The amalgamation of certain techniques of magic
realism and in feminist works is indicative of the fact
that both genres are writing with similar goals i.e. to
subvert from dominating discourses and to provide
cultural commentary.
 Magic realism as a political and culturally significant
genre
 Narratives are magical _folk myth and biblical tales,
the fantastically exaggerated characters and images,
imaginative content, vivid effects, and lingering
mystery
 Miraculous and the everyday live side-by-side
 War, suffering and death

Analysis: Chapter 5
Erasure
 Women rhetoricians struggle against erasure: the
erasure of their contributions, their significance, and
in some cases, their very existence
 The ability to erase someone’s name
.

Analysis: Chapter 5
Writing the Body
 To subvert the traditional negative association of
women with the body
 The body becomes the woman’s source of power
 the body is connected with the earth.
 Microcosm for larger inequalities in society, one is
led to believe that the mastering of one’s perceived
weakness will lead to strength
 Marquez makes the body into a powerful symbol,
effectively empowering the formerly oppressed.

Analysis: Chapter 5
Writing the Body
 Exceptional in appearance ___strange and
mysterious nature of the feminine
 Dreamlike, poetic descriptions are presented matter-
of-factly.
 Presented the female body through a patriarchal
lens
 A loathsome burden to carry
 Historically, women have been connected with the
body in a degrading fashion___love of knowledge is
the only pure love

Analysis: Chapter 5
Circular Storylines
 Quality of being already-told
 By incorporating real biographical elements
 Stories are being retold and rediscovered
 Reinforce the theme of recovery
 Making it easier for authors to alter the readers’
perceptions of reality
 Men are doomed to repeat the same mistakes
because they are all violent, sex-driven beings

Analysis: Chapter 5
House as the Embodiment of Feminine Space
 Suggestive of the disorder
 Metaphorical representation of feminine
 Juxtaposition of female characters and their house
Unconnected Events of Causality
 Portrayed the harsh truth of life
 The inner contradictions of civilized and primitive
 The insomnia plague
 A meta-physical universe in which all things are
possible

Analysis: Chapter 5
Magic Realism as a Mode of Representation: Voice
against Dominant Culture and Authoritative
Version of Truth
 The exaggeration of an element to such an extent
that it starts to appear magical
 Grotesque representation
 Originate a new image of a female to attack gender
inequalities
 Juxtapositioning
 Dialogue has been traditionally served as a
rhetorical way of finding truth
 Irony

Analysis: Chapter 5
Magic Events Connected to Female Characters
 Female as the bearer of the secrets and mysteries
 The matter of fact approach___ break the silence,
subversion
 The drastic comparisons
 The symbolism
 Crows
 Glass
 Colors
 empty flask
 gold
 The objects and the imageries that surround the
characters ___ ideological images of feminine
 humor and irony

Analysis: Chapter 5
Magic Realism, Race and Culture
 Broad social and cultural contexts
 Cultural anesthesia

Conclusion: Chapter 6
 Garcia Marquez’s texts are widely read and critically
acclaimed as radical narrative which deliver the
reader a looking glass into the thoughts and beliefs
of its author, who gives a literary voice to the,
repressed, silenced and the marginalized
 The element of magic realism is fundamentally used
for the purpose to merge fantastic with reality
 Preferred mode of expression for the oppressed
 Feminism(s) can be studied from different view point,
linguistic, political, economic, sociological,
psychological, biological and other.

 In a general way, feminist theory aims to accomplish
the following:
 To review, expose, and critique those standards
where the orientation is patriarchal, whether in
literature, politics, civil rights, power, sexuality, race
and other aspects of life.
 To review texts written by, about or for women which
have been forgotten, lost or neglected.
 To understand the cultural parameters involved in the
construction of gender and identity.

 Highlight the diverse identity constructs of the
feminine in male authored texts
 Characters are portrayed in the space and time
where they live
 How the texts create the male and female binaries in
opposition to each other.
 Feminist reading of the texts selected highlighted
some interesting undertones of the writer himself
being a feminist in a way

 The rich and educated women of the novels are not
necessarily the ones with the strongest character or
the women whom the male characters desire
sexually, but they do exercise their own sexuality.
 The matriarchs are developed as free, strong and
independent. They do not correspond to a
stereotype models
 The novels break the binaries and give a whole lot
new dimension of the feminist identity
 Representations are transgressive
 Subverts from the authoritative patriarchal definitions
of the feminine

 Explores how human beings learn to occupy—but also
resist—their ideologically-given roles as men or women
within patriarchy was taken up not only by theorists
interested in the construction of gendered identity, but
also by those seeking to explore how forms of popular
culture and popular fiction construct feminine identities
 Magic realism subverts dominating realities
 The female characters in his narrative are subversive in
nature and similarly the women are suppressors of both
the less strong male and female characters.
 Garcia Marquez has represented the feminine as
powerful yet suppressed, independent yet dependent,
manipulative yet oppressed

 The women are realistic and vigorous ___ a reason
of sustenance and a moral epitome while, men are
unpredictable and erratic.
 The world of the novels is a matriarchal one.
 Tepresented female characters specifically women
with authority being corrupted by the power they
contained
 Culture and language constructed sexual difference
 Gender is performative ___ language and discourse
‘do’ gender
 Paradoxical representation(s) of the female
 Adverse side of the feminine identity

 That identities are constructed through difference
 Time break from the elitist representations of the
male and the typical conceptions of the condition of
the female
 Parody” being powerful
 Texts can be seen to deliver an optimistic,
encouraging and liberating response to the modes of
patriarchal control

Marquez has reinforced the patriarchal
values
 Women __suppressed,
fickle minded and passive.
 He has reinforced the
patriarchal values by
showing the women of
dominance like Ursula,
Fernanda, Fermina,
Colonel’s wife and the
Grand Mother.
 Women come with their
serious defects like they
are prone and sensitive to
the issues of jealousy,
hatred, rigidity and in the
extreme case of Amaranta
disinclination to have joy
and happiness.
 Men __idealistically gifted
like Jose Arcadio,
Melquiades; brave like
Colonel Aureliano and the
Colonel; intellectual like
Crespi and indifferent like
Jose Arcadio Buendia,
compassionate like
Florentino and Urbino,
stubborn like Colonel and
selfless like Ulises

 For the future researchers Garcia Marquez’s works can
be related to the universal issues of gender and
especially the Pakistani culture where the female are
striving hard to defy the political judgment of their identity.
 The project provides the aspiring researchers with the
radical ways to read magic realist texts.
 How these texts are constantly challenging the
patriarchal system of representation along with these
they can question the established definitions of truth.
 Approach of studying magic realist texts can help operate
the critical analysis towards the direction where these
fictions can be recognized by their transgression from the
established versions of the real.

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