Feminist criticism analyzes literature from a gendered perspective, highlighting the portrayal and experiences of women in contrast to male-centric narratives. It originated with Virginia Woolf’s insights in 'A Room of One’s Own' and has evolved to challenge traditional gender roles and the treatment of women by both male and female authors. Key themes include the representation of women as 'the other,' the criticism of patriarchy, and the reevaluation of texts written by women.