This document summarizes the growth of Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, in different media. B. bassiana is a fungus that kills insects and can be used as a biological pesticide. The document examines the growth of B. bassiana in various media including potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, coconut water agar, molasses media, and sorghum grain. It was found that B. bassiana grew fastest and produced the highest biomass in potato dextrose agar and molasses media. However, molasses media was identified as the most cost-effective option for mass production. The study demonstrated that different growth media can impact the proliferation of entomopath
Growth Pattern of Paecilomyces lilacinus in Different Eco-friendly MediaBRNSS Publication Hub
Paecilomyces lilacinus is a common saprophytic, filamentous fungus. Morphological characters of P. lilacinus were separate mycelium, hyaline, conidia white to pink colored, and formation of phialides. The growth of P. lilacinus carried out on Sabouraud dextrose agar, coconut, molasses, and potato dextrose agar media at room temperature was better than incubator (25°C). The fungus has the capacity to colonize the rhizosphere and to grow in close association with nematodes. P. lilacinus was mass multiplied in both solid substrate for sorghum grains and liquid media for coconut water. Effect of temperature on the growth of P. lilacinus wasstudied in solid substrate (sorghum grain) and liquid media (coconut water) at different temperature, namely, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C. Number of colonies forming units in sorghum grain was found to be maximum at 30 ± 1°C followed by 35 ± 1°C. In liquid media (coconut water) also, maximum dry mycelial weight was recorded at 30 ± 1°C which was on par with 35 and 25 ± 1°C. It shows effect of temperature on the mycelial growth.
Mass Production of Paecilomyces Lilacinus by using Different Cultivation Medi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Paecilomyces lilacinus is a common saprophytic, filamentous fungus. Morphological characters of Paecilomyces lilacinus were separate mycelium, hyaline, conidia white to pink colored and formation of phialides. The growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus carried out on SDA media at room temperature was better than incubator. Various solid substrates like Rice, Wheat bran, and Sorghum were evaluated for the mass multiplication of fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. Added dextrose and antibiotics in solid media for mass multiplication at room temperature. Among all the substrate Wheat bran recorded the maximum spore count of 7. 1 10-8 spore/ml followed by Sorghum 5. 4 10-8 spore/ml and Rice 5. 1 10-8 spore/ml after 20 days. Also dry mycelia weight or biomass of fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus without an incubator was more than using an incubator.
Usage spots of biological insecticides in consort with target insect pests or...Premier Publishers
The greatest risks to our environment and health come from chemical insecticides, therefore, overall objective of this article is to protect health of consumer and ensure fair practices in insect and vector controls. Biological insecticides are living organisms or toxins produced by bacteria, viruses and fungi having low toxicity to humans and non-target insects. Bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and Baculo virus infect an insect when it ingests them. Others microorganisms, such as fungi, Beauveria bassiana, deposit themselves on insect’s carapace and infiltrate organism that is fatal to ravaging pests. The B. thuringiensis is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests, mainly caterpillars of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), but also mosquitoes and simuliid blackflies vectors. Commercial Bt products are powders containing mixture of dried spores and toxin crystals used on crops and ornamental plants, around buildings, in aquatic settings, and in aerial applications that are commonly sprays, dusts, granules and pellets. Some crops have been engineered to make the Bt toxin and these plant-incorporated protectants include corn, cotton, and soybeans. Baculo viruses are widely used both as protein expression in vectors and as insect pest control agents, and progress has been made in genetic enhancement of baculo viruses for improved insecticidal efficacy. Treating of crops and stagnant water or pools with Bt can definitely decrease the number of pests and vectors larvae, and therefore, number of adults, but growers and householders may still need to use traps, repellants or other control methods to prevent all pests in an area.
Growth Pattern of Paecilomyces lilacinus in Different Eco-friendly MediaBRNSS Publication Hub
Paecilomyces lilacinus is a common saprophytic, filamentous fungus. Morphological characters of P. lilacinus were separate mycelium, hyaline, conidia white to pink colored, and formation of phialides. The growth of P. lilacinus carried out on Sabouraud dextrose agar, coconut, molasses, and potato dextrose agar media at room temperature was better than incubator (25°C). The fungus has the capacity to colonize the rhizosphere and to grow in close association with nematodes. P. lilacinus was mass multiplied in both solid substrate for sorghum grains and liquid media for coconut water. Effect of temperature on the growth of P. lilacinus wasstudied in solid substrate (sorghum grain) and liquid media (coconut water) at different temperature, namely, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1°C. Number of colonies forming units in sorghum grain was found to be maximum at 30 ± 1°C followed by 35 ± 1°C. In liquid media (coconut water) also, maximum dry mycelial weight was recorded at 30 ± 1°C which was on par with 35 and 25 ± 1°C. It shows effect of temperature on the mycelial growth.
Mass Production of Paecilomyces Lilacinus by using Different Cultivation Medi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Paecilomyces lilacinus is a common saprophytic, filamentous fungus. Morphological characters of Paecilomyces lilacinus were separate mycelium, hyaline, conidia white to pink colored and formation of phialides. The growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus carried out on SDA media at room temperature was better than incubator. Various solid substrates like Rice, Wheat bran, and Sorghum were evaluated for the mass multiplication of fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. Added dextrose and antibiotics in solid media for mass multiplication at room temperature. Among all the substrate Wheat bran recorded the maximum spore count of 7. 1 10-8 spore/ml followed by Sorghum 5. 4 10-8 spore/ml and Rice 5. 1 10-8 spore/ml after 20 days. Also dry mycelia weight or biomass of fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus without an incubator was more than using an incubator.
Usage spots of biological insecticides in consort with target insect pests or...Premier Publishers
The greatest risks to our environment and health come from chemical insecticides, therefore, overall objective of this article is to protect health of consumer and ensure fair practices in insect and vector controls. Biological insecticides are living organisms or toxins produced by bacteria, viruses and fungi having low toxicity to humans and non-target insects. Bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and Baculo virus infect an insect when it ingests them. Others microorganisms, such as fungi, Beauveria bassiana, deposit themselves on insect’s carapace and infiltrate organism that is fatal to ravaging pests. The B. thuringiensis is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests, mainly caterpillars of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), but also mosquitoes and simuliid blackflies vectors. Commercial Bt products are powders containing mixture of dried spores and toxin crystals used on crops and ornamental plants, around buildings, in aquatic settings, and in aerial applications that are commonly sprays, dusts, granules and pellets. Some crops have been engineered to make the Bt toxin and these plant-incorporated protectants include corn, cotton, and soybeans. Baculo viruses are widely used both as protein expression in vectors and as insect pest control agents, and progress has been made in genetic enhancement of baculo viruses for improved insecticidal efficacy. Treating of crops and stagnant water or pools with Bt can definitely decrease the number of pests and vectors larvae, and therefore, number of adults, but growers and householders may still need to use traps, repellants or other control methods to prevent all pests in an area.
Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the Mediterranean region and in Palestinian territories. Naturally occurring enemies collected from several localities could have a great potential in controlling invasive insect species. An indigenous strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) isolated from naturally infected Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae, pupae and adults were collected from several sites from the northern part of the West Bank. Identification and pathogenicity test were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions on module insect pests reared in the laboratories of Kadoorie Agriculture Research Center (KARC)/ PTUK, West-bank/ Palestinian territories. Laboratory results showed that indigenous strains of B. bassiana can infect target insect pest tested (LC50 was 120-132 conidia per ml). Field preventive bioassays on apple trees infected with aphid, confirmed the potential of this strain as a biological control agent under certain environmental conditions.
The Bt is a short form of ubiquitous soil bacterioum Bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterium is gram positive and spore forming that forms parasporal crystals during stationary phase of its growth cycle. The synthesized crystalline proteins called ‘endotoxins’ are highly toxic to certain insects. They kill the insect by acting on the epithelium tissues of midgut of caterpillars. These proteins are characterized by their insecticidal activity and are therefore grouped into four classes i.e. Lepidoptera-specific (Cry I), Lepidoptera and Diptera-specific (Cry II), Coleoptera-specific (Cry III) and Diptera-specific (Cry IV). Cotton bollworms belong to the order Lepidoptera and therefore are sensitive to Bt Cry I and Cry II proteins, which are specific to them. Other beneficial insects are unaffected by these proteins. popularly and effectively utilized are Cry 1 Ac, Cry 1 Ab in different crops.
The term biopesticides refers to compounds that are used to manage agricultural pests by means of specific biological effects. It refers to products containing biocontrol agents like natural substances such as plants, certain minerals, animals, micro organisms including their genes or metabolites.
A Presentation on Biopesticides, its types, uses, applications and mechanism of action.
CONTENTS:
Definition of Biopesticides
Introduction
Uses of Biopesticides
Types of Biopesticides
Mechanism of Biopesticides
Merits of Biopesticides over Chemical Pesticides
Limitations of Chemical Insecticides
Reasons for the limited use of Biopesticides
Commercial Exploitation of Biopesticides
Conclusion
References
Consequence upon the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food items, it has become increasingly necessary to increase food production from the present level. The possibility of achieving this is not only to increase production but also to protect the crops cultivated. Crop protection can be achieved through several means. One of such is the use of pesticides. This paper therefore reviews the use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides among other plant species with inherent pesticidal activities. It is no doubt that the chemical pesticides or insecticides possess inherent toxic substances that endangers the ecological environment, operators of application equipment and consumers of the agricultural products. It is therefore important that we encourage the use of biological pesticides as they affect only target pest, are easily biodegradable, increase farm land fertility, environmentally friendly, cost effective and ease of availability. It is also important that because of the low cost of production of biopesticides it should be encouraged as an option in African countries especially Nigeria in agricultural practices.
2017 IOBCwprs Insect Pathology Working Group meeting, PlenaryStefan Jaronski
Presentation discusses recent advances in microbial control of insects using fungi to counter criticisms of this approach, and presents author's thoughts about use of microbes in IPM.
Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus was first reported by Kulkarni in the year 1924. It was recorded at Bombay and Srilanka simultaneously. This disease is caused by a ss-DNA virus belongs tot the family Geminiviridae and belongs to the genus Begomovirus
Eco friendly management of fungal seed borne pathogens through bio-agentsAnkit Chaudhari
Seed borne diseases causes heavy losses in the crops at all stages of growth like seed germination, seedling and maturity of plants.
Bio-control technologies have gained momentum in disease control of crop plants, in recent times as these technologies not only minimize or replace the usage of harmful chemical pesticides, but also found to be ecofriendly, environmentally safe, cheaper and efficient in certain disease control programmes.
Fungal bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp. successfully used for the control of many seed borne diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Pyricularia spp., Helminthosporium spp. etc. in several crops.
Effect of Sakkara Brewing on the Severity of Powdery Mildew Disease of Luffa ...AI Publications
Powdery mildew is one of the major production constraint of cucurbits in almost all parts of Sri Lanka.The disease can be controlled with fungicides. However, bio control agents or organic compounds provide economically sound, practically feasible and environmentally safe approach. “Sakkaraa” brewing (SBr) is a fermented aqueous drink based on cane sugar and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Most of the studies assessing the efficacy of yeast as a bio control agent, however, have focused on its effects against some fungi. Two experiments were conducted in parallel to identify the effect of SBr on severity of powdery mildew of Luffa and cucumber varieties under greenhouse condition. Six luffa varieties and twelve cucumber varieties were grown in pots and artificially inoculated with powdery mildew pathogen. Layout of the factorial experiments involving crop varieties and SBr treatments was completely randomized block design with four replications. About 15 days after inoculation of spore suspension of pathogen and when powdery mildew symptoms were well appeared, started the application of diluted SBr on six Luffa varieties and twelve cucumber varieties as an aqueous spray and untreated plants of each Luffa and cucumber variety were kept as control. Disease evaluation and measurements of percentage disease severity index (DSI (%)) of powdery mildew on plants were performed and recorded at flowering stage and fruiting stage. Microscopic observations confirmed that causal agent of powdery mildew of Luffa and cucumber in the country was Podosphaera xanthii. Results of DSI % of powdery mildew in both experiment showed that there was a significant difference between SBr applied treatment and control both at flowering and fruiting stage. Luffa varieties did not show significantly different of DSI (%) of powdery mildew. Popular Luffa variety Naga recorded highest DSI (%) when compared with other tested varieties. Cucumber varieties showed significant difference of DSI (%) of powdery mildew at flowering and fruiting stages. Cucumber var. KWxG17(S) Green and Var. Tunnel Green showed significantly lower DSI (%) of powdery mildew compared to other tested varieties. Results revealed that SBr has remarkable ability of control of powdery mildew and provides an opportunity to produce an effective control tool to protect Luffa and cucumber varieties from powdery mildew disease.
Red palm weevils Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is becoming a serious insect pest on date palm in the Mediterranean region and in Palestinian territories. Naturally occurring enemies collected from several localities could have a great potential in controlling invasive insect species. An indigenous strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) isolated from naturally infected Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae, pupae and adults were collected from several sites from the northern part of the West Bank. Identification and pathogenicity test were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions on module insect pests reared in the laboratories of Kadoorie Agriculture Research Center (KARC)/ PTUK, West-bank/ Palestinian territories. Laboratory results showed that indigenous strains of B. bassiana can infect target insect pest tested (LC50 was 120-132 conidia per ml). Field preventive bioassays on apple trees infected with aphid, confirmed the potential of this strain as a biological control agent under certain environmental conditions.
The Bt is a short form of ubiquitous soil bacterioum Bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterium is gram positive and spore forming that forms parasporal crystals during stationary phase of its growth cycle. The synthesized crystalline proteins called ‘endotoxins’ are highly toxic to certain insects. They kill the insect by acting on the epithelium tissues of midgut of caterpillars. These proteins are characterized by their insecticidal activity and are therefore grouped into four classes i.e. Lepidoptera-specific (Cry I), Lepidoptera and Diptera-specific (Cry II), Coleoptera-specific (Cry III) and Diptera-specific (Cry IV). Cotton bollworms belong to the order Lepidoptera and therefore are sensitive to Bt Cry I and Cry II proteins, which are specific to them. Other beneficial insects are unaffected by these proteins. popularly and effectively utilized are Cry 1 Ac, Cry 1 Ab in different crops.
The term biopesticides refers to compounds that are used to manage agricultural pests by means of specific biological effects. It refers to products containing biocontrol agents like natural substances such as plants, certain minerals, animals, micro organisms including their genes or metabolites.
A Presentation on Biopesticides, its types, uses, applications and mechanism of action.
CONTENTS:
Definition of Biopesticides
Introduction
Uses of Biopesticides
Types of Biopesticides
Mechanism of Biopesticides
Merits of Biopesticides over Chemical Pesticides
Limitations of Chemical Insecticides
Reasons for the limited use of Biopesticides
Commercial Exploitation of Biopesticides
Conclusion
References
Consequence upon the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food items, it has become increasingly necessary to increase food production from the present level. The possibility of achieving this is not only to increase production but also to protect the crops cultivated. Crop protection can be achieved through several means. One of such is the use of pesticides. This paper therefore reviews the use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides among other plant species with inherent pesticidal activities. It is no doubt that the chemical pesticides or insecticides possess inherent toxic substances that endangers the ecological environment, operators of application equipment and consumers of the agricultural products. It is therefore important that we encourage the use of biological pesticides as they affect only target pest, are easily biodegradable, increase farm land fertility, environmentally friendly, cost effective and ease of availability. It is also important that because of the low cost of production of biopesticides it should be encouraged as an option in African countries especially Nigeria in agricultural practices.
2017 IOBCwprs Insect Pathology Working Group meeting, PlenaryStefan Jaronski
Presentation discusses recent advances in microbial control of insects using fungi to counter criticisms of this approach, and presents author's thoughts about use of microbes in IPM.
Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus was first reported by Kulkarni in the year 1924. It was recorded at Bombay and Srilanka simultaneously. This disease is caused by a ss-DNA virus belongs tot the family Geminiviridae and belongs to the genus Begomovirus
Eco friendly management of fungal seed borne pathogens through bio-agentsAnkit Chaudhari
Seed borne diseases causes heavy losses in the crops at all stages of growth like seed germination, seedling and maturity of plants.
Bio-control technologies have gained momentum in disease control of crop plants, in recent times as these technologies not only minimize or replace the usage of harmful chemical pesticides, but also found to be ecofriendly, environmentally safe, cheaper and efficient in certain disease control programmes.
Fungal bio-control agents like Trichoderma spp. successfully used for the control of many seed borne diseases caused by Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Pyricularia spp., Helminthosporium spp. etc. in several crops.
Effect of Sakkara Brewing on the Severity of Powdery Mildew Disease of Luffa ...AI Publications
Powdery mildew is one of the major production constraint of cucurbits in almost all parts of Sri Lanka.The disease can be controlled with fungicides. However, bio control agents or organic compounds provide economically sound, practically feasible and environmentally safe approach. “Sakkaraa” brewing (SBr) is a fermented aqueous drink based on cane sugar and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Most of the studies assessing the efficacy of yeast as a bio control agent, however, have focused on its effects against some fungi. Two experiments were conducted in parallel to identify the effect of SBr on severity of powdery mildew of Luffa and cucumber varieties under greenhouse condition. Six luffa varieties and twelve cucumber varieties were grown in pots and artificially inoculated with powdery mildew pathogen. Layout of the factorial experiments involving crop varieties and SBr treatments was completely randomized block design with four replications. About 15 days after inoculation of spore suspension of pathogen and when powdery mildew symptoms were well appeared, started the application of diluted SBr on six Luffa varieties and twelve cucumber varieties as an aqueous spray and untreated plants of each Luffa and cucumber variety were kept as control. Disease evaluation and measurements of percentage disease severity index (DSI (%)) of powdery mildew on plants were performed and recorded at flowering stage and fruiting stage. Microscopic observations confirmed that causal agent of powdery mildew of Luffa and cucumber in the country was Podosphaera xanthii. Results of DSI % of powdery mildew in both experiment showed that there was a significant difference between SBr applied treatment and control both at flowering and fruiting stage. Luffa varieties did not show significantly different of DSI (%) of powdery mildew. Popular Luffa variety Naga recorded highest DSI (%) when compared with other tested varieties. Cucumber varieties showed significant difference of DSI (%) of powdery mildew at flowering and fruiting stages. Cucumber var. KWxG17(S) Green and Var. Tunnel Green showed significantly lower DSI (%) of powdery mildew compared to other tested varieties. Results revealed that SBr has remarkable ability of control of powdery mildew and provides an opportunity to produce an effective control tool to protect Luffa and cucumber varieties from powdery mildew disease.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. Yadav, et al.: Growth pattern of beauveria bassiana
IJPBA/Jan-Mar-2020/Vol 11/Issue 1 39
Highest and most effective biomass growth was
observed when it was incubated at the temperature
of 26 ± 2°C. The media that showed the higher
density of fungal spore were PDA while SDA
showed slightly lower density of spores followed
by molasses, but the coconut media showed lowest
spore count as compared to the mycelial weight.
Thus, PDA shows to be the best media for the
growth of B. bassiana, but in reference to cost,
molasses prove to be the effective media that will
not cost much for needful produce.
CONCLUSION
B. bassiana is a type of biopesticide which is
based on entomopathogenic fungi which are often
considerable scope as plant protection agents
against several pathogens and insects including
whiteflies, aphids, thrips, grasshoppers, and certain
types of beetles. The present study deals with the
use of different media such as coconut media,
jiggery media, nutrient media, potato dextrose
media, Sabouraud dextrose media, and molasses
media.
REFERENCES
1. Afandhi A, Widjayanti T, Emi AA, Tarno H, Afiyanti M,
Handoko RN. Endophytic fungi Beauveria bassiana
balsamoacceleratesgrowthofcommonbean(Phaeseolus
vulgaris L.). Chem Biol Technol Agric 2019;6:1579.
2. Bartlett MC, Jaronski ST. Mass production of
entomogenous fungi for biological control of insects. In:
Burge MN, editor. Fungi in Biological Control Systems.
Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1998.
p. 65-85.
3. Keswani C, Singh SP, Singh HB. Beauveria bassiana:
Status, mode of action, Application and safety issues.
Bitech Today 2013;3:20.
4. Mascarin GM, Jaronski ST. The production and uses of
Beauveria bassiana as a microbial insecticide. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 2016;32:177.
5. Liu H, Zhao X, Guo M, Liu H, Zheng Z. Growth and
metabolism and Beauveria bassiana spores and mycelia.
BMC Microbiol 2015;15:267.
6. LatifianM,RadB.Pathogenicityoftheentomopathogenic
fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) vuillmin, Beauveria
brongniartiiSaccardoandMetahiziumanisopliaeMetsch
to adult Oryctes elegans Prell and effects on feeding and
fecundity. Int J Agric Crop Sci 2012;4:1026-32.
7. Latifian M, Rad B, Amani M, Rahkhodaei E. Mass
production of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria
bassiana (Balsamo) by using agricultural products
based on liquid-solid diphasic method for date palm pest
control. Int Agric Crop Sci 2013;5:2337-41.
8. Mass Production of Beauveria bassiana (White
Muscardine Fungus) Beauveria bassiana. Sci Rep
2012;2:483-92.
9. Meyling NV, Tall S. Probiotics for plants? Growth
promotion by the entomopathogenic fungus. Beauveria
bassiana depends on nutrient availability. Microbiol
Ecol 2018;76:1002-8.
10. Vats S, Singh RK, Singh B. Mass production of
Beauveria bassiana (NCIM No. 1300) fungal spores on
cereal grains and agro industrial residues. Res J Pharm
Biol Chem Sci 2015;6:58-60.
11. Jaronski ST. The Production and uses of Beauveria
bassiana as a microbial insecticide. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 2016;32:177.
12. Pham TA, Junkim J, Kim SG, Kim K. Production of
blastosporeofentomopathogenicBeauveriabassianaina
submerged batch culture. Mycobiology 2009;37:218-24.
13. Wilding N, Collins NM, Hammond PM, Webber JF,
Keller S, Gauthors Z, editors. Mycopathogens of soil
insects. In: Insect Fungus Interactions. London, UK:
Academic Press; 1989.
14. Xiao GH, Ying SH, Zheng P, Wang ZL, Zhang P,
Wang ZL, et al. Genomic perspectives on the evolution
of fungal entomopathogenicity in Beauveria bassiana.
Sci Rep 2012;2:483-92.