Hilbert Vibration Decomposition (HVD) is introduced to the voltage flicker analysis. When voltage flicker accompanies with high order harmonics, the instantaneous frequency of its analytic signal in principle consists of two different parts, power frequency and a rapidly varying asymmetrical oscillating part. The important property of the instantaneous frequency offers a direct way to estimate the power frequency using a low-pass filter and remove the high order harmonics without pre-treatment procedures. Corresponding voltage flicker envelope is estimated using synchronous detection. The HVD method does not involves basic functions that the wavelet transform method needs. It can also adaptively estimate the frequency and amplitude of every modulation frequency component. Simulation results prove that the proposed method could accurately detect voltage flicker with high order harmonics. It has higher calculation efficiency and detection precision than wavelet transform method. Experimental results show that the new algorithm is feasible and efficient.
Power Quality Monitoring by Disturbance Detection using Hilbert Phase Shiftingidescitation
This paper presents an innovative approach for the analysis of the Power Quality
Disturbances both qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed method employs the phase
shifting property of Hilbert Transform for the accurate detection and computation of the
characteristic magnitudes of the power quality disturbances along with the time of their
occurrence. This facilitates for the real time detection and characterization of various
disturbances such as voltage swells, voltage sags, voltage fluctuation, harmonics and
transient oscillation accurately. The various disturbances have been simulated on the
LabVIEW platform and the phase shifting property of Hilbert Transform has given
satisfactory results. Real Time Signals were generated and digitalized by the aid of Data
Acquisition (DAQ) card, which were processed in the LabVIEW environment, to yield
immaculate results indicating the characteristic magnitudes and time of occurrence of
disturbances.
The document defines and classifies different types of signals including:
- Continuous-time and discrete-time signals
- Analog and digital signals
- Real and complex signals
- Deterministic and random signals
- Periodic and non-periodic signals
It also introduces important signal properties and functions including the unit-step function, unit-impulse (Dirac delta) function, and complex exponential and sinusoidal signals. Graphical representations and mathematical definitions are provided for key signals and functions.
A model of electron pairing, with depletion of mediating phonons at fermi sur...Qiang LI
We present a model of electron pairing based on nonstationary interpretation of electron-lattice interaction. Electron-lattice system has an intrinsic time dependent characteristic as featured by Golden Rule, by which electrons on matched pairing states are tuned to lattice wave modes, with pairing competition happening among multiple pairings associated with one electron state. The threshold phonon of an electron pair having a good quality factor can become redundant and be released from the pair to produce a binding energy. Lattice modes falling in a common linewidth compete with one another, like modes competing in a lasing system. In cuprates, due to near-parallel band splitting at and near Fermi Surface (EF), a great number of electron pairs are tuned to a relatively small number of lattice wave modes, leading to strong mode competition, transfer of real pairing-mediating phonons from EF towards the “kink”, and depletion of these phonons at and near EF.
3.Frequency Domain Representation of Signals and SystemsINDIAN NAVY
This document provides an overview of frequency domain representation of signals and systems. It defines key concepts such as the Fourier transform, which converts a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency spectrum shows the distribution of frequencies within a signal. Periodic signals can be represented using Fourier series, while aperiodic signals use the Fourier transform. Properties of the Fourier transform such as linearity, time shifting, and the convolution theorem are also covered.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Conducted EMI Reduction Accomplished via IEEE 1588 PTP for Grid Connected Par...idescitation
This paper introduces a distributed approach for
interleaving paralleled power converter to reduce EMI and
voltage ripple, accomplished via IEEE 1588 Precision time
protocol. An open source software stack of IEEE 1588v2 named
PTPd-2.2.0 is used to implement software stack over stellaris
series microcontroller from Texas Instruments (TI). A general
methodology for achieving distributed interleaving is proposed,
along with a specific software based implementation approach
using the PTPdv2. The effectiveness of such methods in terms
of EMI reduction is experimentally validated in grid connected
Paralleled Solar Power Inverters.
Continuous variable quantum entanglement and its applicationswtyru1989
1) The document discusses continuous variable quantum entanglement and its applications. It covers topics like entanglement measures, types of entanglement, and applications such as quantum teleportation.
2) Methods for generating continuous variable optical entanglement are described, including parametric down conversion and mixing squeezed beams. Entanglement criteria like the inseparability criterion and EPR criterion are also summarized.
3) Applications of entanglement including quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology are briefly mentioned. The goal of quantum teleportation to transfer the quantum state of light without measurement is also stated.
Simulation of Nonstationary Processes in Backward-Wave Tube with the Self-Mod...Victor Solntsev
The equations that describe nonlinear nonstationary processes in carcinotrode (backward- wave tube with the emission modulation in the presence of the field of the output signal fed to the cathode via a feedback loop) are derived. An algorithm and the corresponding code are developed to solve the equations with allowance for the modulation of emission using nonuniform (with respect to time) large particles (electrons of equal charge) ejected from the cathode. The effect of the feedback parameter on the intensity and shape of the carcinotrode oscillations is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the carcinotrode efficiency can be increased to about 50% upon the generation of harmonic oscil- lations. A more significant increase in the efficiency to 70% is possible in the regime of the weak self- modulation of oscillations upon an increase in the feedback coefficient in the feedback loop involving the slow-wave structure and the cathode and a decrease in the cathode–grid static field.
Power Quality Monitoring by Disturbance Detection using Hilbert Phase Shiftingidescitation
This paper presents an innovative approach for the analysis of the Power Quality
Disturbances both qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed method employs the phase
shifting property of Hilbert Transform for the accurate detection and computation of the
characteristic magnitudes of the power quality disturbances along with the time of their
occurrence. This facilitates for the real time detection and characterization of various
disturbances such as voltage swells, voltage sags, voltage fluctuation, harmonics and
transient oscillation accurately. The various disturbances have been simulated on the
LabVIEW platform and the phase shifting property of Hilbert Transform has given
satisfactory results. Real Time Signals were generated and digitalized by the aid of Data
Acquisition (DAQ) card, which were processed in the LabVIEW environment, to yield
immaculate results indicating the characteristic magnitudes and time of occurrence of
disturbances.
The document defines and classifies different types of signals including:
- Continuous-time and discrete-time signals
- Analog and digital signals
- Real and complex signals
- Deterministic and random signals
- Periodic and non-periodic signals
It also introduces important signal properties and functions including the unit-step function, unit-impulse (Dirac delta) function, and complex exponential and sinusoidal signals. Graphical representations and mathematical definitions are provided for key signals and functions.
A model of electron pairing, with depletion of mediating phonons at fermi sur...Qiang LI
We present a model of electron pairing based on nonstationary interpretation of electron-lattice interaction. Electron-lattice system has an intrinsic time dependent characteristic as featured by Golden Rule, by which electrons on matched pairing states are tuned to lattice wave modes, with pairing competition happening among multiple pairings associated with one electron state. The threshold phonon of an electron pair having a good quality factor can become redundant and be released from the pair to produce a binding energy. Lattice modes falling in a common linewidth compete with one another, like modes competing in a lasing system. In cuprates, due to near-parallel band splitting at and near Fermi Surface (EF), a great number of electron pairs are tuned to a relatively small number of lattice wave modes, leading to strong mode competition, transfer of real pairing-mediating phonons from EF towards the “kink”, and depletion of these phonons at and near EF.
3.Frequency Domain Representation of Signals and SystemsINDIAN NAVY
This document provides an overview of frequency domain representation of signals and systems. It defines key concepts such as the Fourier transform, which converts a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency spectrum shows the distribution of frequencies within a signal. Periodic signals can be represented using Fourier series, while aperiodic signals use the Fourier transform. Properties of the Fourier transform such as linearity, time shifting, and the convolution theorem are also covered.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Conducted EMI Reduction Accomplished via IEEE 1588 PTP for Grid Connected Par...idescitation
This paper introduces a distributed approach for
interleaving paralleled power converter to reduce EMI and
voltage ripple, accomplished via IEEE 1588 Precision time
protocol. An open source software stack of IEEE 1588v2 named
PTPd-2.2.0 is used to implement software stack over stellaris
series microcontroller from Texas Instruments (TI). A general
methodology for achieving distributed interleaving is proposed,
along with a specific software based implementation approach
using the PTPdv2. The effectiveness of such methods in terms
of EMI reduction is experimentally validated in grid connected
Paralleled Solar Power Inverters.
Continuous variable quantum entanglement and its applicationswtyru1989
1) The document discusses continuous variable quantum entanglement and its applications. It covers topics like entanglement measures, types of entanglement, and applications such as quantum teleportation.
2) Methods for generating continuous variable optical entanglement are described, including parametric down conversion and mixing squeezed beams. Entanglement criteria like the inseparability criterion and EPR criterion are also summarized.
3) Applications of entanglement including quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology are briefly mentioned. The goal of quantum teleportation to transfer the quantum state of light without measurement is also stated.
Simulation of Nonstationary Processes in Backward-Wave Tube with the Self-Mod...Victor Solntsev
The equations that describe nonlinear nonstationary processes in carcinotrode (backward- wave tube with the emission modulation in the presence of the field of the output signal fed to the cathode via a feedback loop) are derived. An algorithm and the corresponding code are developed to solve the equations with allowance for the modulation of emission using nonuniform (with respect to time) large particles (electrons of equal charge) ejected from the cathode. The effect of the feedback parameter on the intensity and shape of the carcinotrode oscillations is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the carcinotrode efficiency can be increased to about 50% upon the generation of harmonic oscil- lations. A more significant increase in the efficiency to 70% is possible in the regime of the weak self- modulation of oscillations upon an increase in the feedback coefficient in the feedback loop involving the slow-wave structure and the cathode and a decrease in the cathode–grid static field.
This lecture covers signal and systems analysis, including:
1) Definitions of signals, systems, and their properties like time-invariance, linearity, stability, causality, and memory.
2) Classification of signals as continuous-time vs discrete-time, analog vs digital, deterministic vs random, periodic vs aperiodic.
3) Concepts of orthogonality, correlation, autocorrelation as they relate to signal comparison.
4) Review of the Fourier series and Fourier transform as tools to represent signals in the frequency domain.
In this talk I will discuss different approximations in DFT: pseduo-potentials, exchange correlation functions.
The presentation can be downloaded here:
http://www.attaccalite.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/dft_approximations.odp
The document summarizes experimental work on measuring the quantum state of optical fields. It describes the technique of optical homodyne tomography, which involves balanced homodyne detection. Original measurements of single-mode squeezed states are discussed as well as recent developments like multimode measurements and new homodyne schemes. Applications of state measurement techniques to ultrafast photon sampling are also discussed.
This document is a project report submitted as part of an undergraduate electrical engineering curriculum. It investigates solving a problem involving the mutual inductance of a coupled circuit. The objective is to determine and plot the voltage v1(t) and v2(t) across the inductors. Theoretical calculations are shown using equations relating the voltages and currents based on the self and mutual inductances. A MATLAB simulation is also presented, showing the results match the theoretical calculations.
IRJET- Bohr’s Complementarity and Afshar’s Experiment: A Non-Dualistic St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses Bohr's principle of complementarity and its application to Afshar's experiment at the single-quantum level using a proposed non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. It first provides background on Bohr's complementarity principle and its use to explain wave-particle duality. It then summarizes a non-dualistic interpretation which views the wave function as an instantaneous resonant spatial mode that interacts with an excited dual vector upon observation. This allows observation results to be explained without probability or duality. Finally, it applies this interpretation to analyze complementarity and flaws in Afshar's argument regarding simultaneous wave-like and particle-like behavior.
Fourier analysis techniques Fourier transforms- part 2Jawad Khan
contains solved problems on fourier series applications in electrical circuits and derivation of fourier transform equations with its properties, description and usage
This document provides an overview of time-domain analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses impulse response and unit step response, which are used to characterize the memory and stability of systems. Transient responses like rise time and settling time are also examined. Convolution is introduced as a way to calculate the output of LTI systems using the impulse response. Difference equations are presented as a method to model discrete-time linear shift-invariant (LSI) systems.
A Simple Design to Mitigate Problems of Conventional Digital Phase Locked LoopCSCJournals
This paper presents a method which can estimate frequency, phase and power of received signal corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in large frequency offset environment. Proposed method consists of two loops, each loop is similar to a phase–locked loop (PLL) structure. The proposed structure solves the problems of conventional PLL such as limited estimation range, long settling time, overshoot, high frequency ripples and instability. Traditional inability of PLL to synchronize signals with large frequency offset is also removed in this method. Furthermore, proposed architecture along with providing stability, ensures fast tracking of any changes in input frequency. Proposed method is also implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA), it consumes 201 mW and works at 197 MHz.
Signals and Systems: Energy and Power Signalsnishtha97
This is a presentation which covers the basic information and knowledge about the types of signals: Energy and power signals. Hope you find it useful. :)
Electron-phonon coupling describes the interaction between electrons and phonons in materials. It can be calculated using density functional perturbation theory to obtain the electron-phonon matrix elements and phonon frequencies. This allows calculating temperature-dependent corrections to electronic band structures and optical properties within many-body perturbation theory. Yambo software implements these methods, calculating temperature renormalization of quasi-particle energies and broadening, as well as finite-temperature excitons and dielectric functions.
This document reviews experimental approaches to analyze spin wave dynamics in ferromagnetic nanoscale structures. It describes recent developments in frequency- and field-swept spectroscopy to determine the resonant response of nanoscale ferromagnets. It also describes time-resolved measurements in the GHz frequency and picosecond time domains to analyze the relaxation of magnetization after microwave excitation. Examples are presented for analyzing and manipulating different mechanisms for the relaxation of magnetization into its ground state.
In this talk I will present real-time spectroscopy and different code to perform this kind of calculations.
This presentation can be download here:
http://www.attaccalite.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RealTime_Lausanne_2022.odp
This document provides an introduction to signals and systems. It begins by classifying different types of signals as continuous-time/discrete-time, analog/digital, deterministic/random, periodic/aperiodic, power/energy. It then discusses representations of signals in the time and frequency domains, including the Fourier series representation of periodic signals. Key concepts covered include the unit step, rectangular, triangular and sinc functions, as well as signal operations like time shifting, scaling and inversion. The document concludes by introducing Parseval's theorem relating the power of a signal to the power of its Fourier coefficients.
Detection of Power Line Disturbances using DSP TechniquesKashishVerma18
This document summarizes Kashish Verma's presentation on detecting power line disturbances using digital signal processing techniques. It discusses using Simulink models to simulate normal and disturbed power systems. Various DSP techniques for frequency estimation like Prony analysis, FFT, SVD, MUSIC, and ESPIRIT are described along with their advantages and drawbacks. Detection of faults during power swings using methods like Prony analysis, wavelet transform, and ANFIS is also summarized. Overall, the document provides an overview of modeling power systems and applying DSP for fault detection and frequency estimation.
Polarization bremsstrahlung on atoms, plasmas, nanostructures and solidsSpringer
This document discusses the quantum electrodynamics approach to describing bremsstrahlung, or braking radiation, of a fast charged particle colliding with an atom. It derives expressions for the amplitude of bremsstrahlung on a one-electron atom within the first Born approximation. The amplitude has static and polarization terms. The static term corresponds to radiation from the incident particle in the nuclear field, reproducing previous results. The polarization term accounts for radiation from the atomic electron and contains resonant denominators corresponding to intermediate atomic states. The full treatment allows various limits to be taken, such as removing the nucleus or atomic electron, reproducing known results from quantum electrodynamics.
This document provides an introduction to quantum mechanics concepts including:
1. It describes Schrodinger's wave equation and its applications, including quantized energy levels and tunneling effects.
2. Wave-particle duality is discussed through experiments demonstrating the wave-like and particle-like properties of electrons.
3. The uncertainty principle and solutions to Schrodinger's wave equation for simple potential wells are presented, showing energy levels are quantized.
This document provides an overview of signals and systems. It defines a signal as a physical quantity that varies with time and contains information. Signals are classified as deterministic or non-deterministic, periodic or aperiodic, even or odd, energy-based or power-based, and continuous-time or discrete-time. Systems are combinations of elements that process input signals to produce output signals. Key properties of systems include causality, linearity, time-invariance, stability, and invertibility. Applications of signals and systems are found in control systems, communications, signal processing, and more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
- Intermodulated differential immittance spectroscopy (IDIS) is a nonlinear analysis technique that uses two input frequencies (a probe and stimulus signal) to perturb an electrochemical system.
- For a nonlinear system, the output contains not only the probe and stimulus frequencies but also sidebands located at the sum and difference of the frequencies, due to intermodulation.
- The technique defines a transfer function called the differential immittance spectrum, which can be calculated from the sideband amplitudes. This provides information about the system's nonlinearity.
- Testing on a Schottky diode showed that the differential immittance spectrum could accurately determine the diode's flat band voltage and doping level from a single measurement.
An Improved Detection and Classification Technique of Harmonic Signals in Pow...Yayah Zakaria
This paper introduces an improved detection and classification technique of harmonic signals in power distribution using time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram. The spectrogram is an appropriate approach to signify signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The spectral information of signals can
be observed and estimated plainly from TFR due to identify the
characteristics of the signals. Based on rule-based classifier and the threshold settings that referred to IEEE Standard 1159 2009, the detection and classification of harmonic signals for 100 unique signals consist of various characteristic of harmonics are carried out successfully. The accuracy of proposed method is examined by using MAPE and the result show that the technique provides high accuracy. In addition, spectrogram also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is proven that the proposed method is accurate, fast and cost efficient for detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
An Improved Detection and Classification Technique of Harmonic Signals in Pow...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces an improved detection and classification technique of harmonic signals in power distribution using time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram. The spectrogram is an appropriate approach to signify signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The spectral information of signals can be observed and estimated plainly from TFR due to identify the characteristics of the signals. Based on rule-based classifier and the threshold settings that referred to IEEE Standard 1159 2009, the detection and classification of harmonic signals for 100 unique signals consist of various characteristic of harmonics are carried out successfully. The accuracy of proposed method is examined by using MAPE and the result show that the technique provides high accuracy. In addition, spectrogram also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is proven that the proposed method is accurate, fast and cost efficient for detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
This lecture covers signal and systems analysis, including:
1) Definitions of signals, systems, and their properties like time-invariance, linearity, stability, causality, and memory.
2) Classification of signals as continuous-time vs discrete-time, analog vs digital, deterministic vs random, periodic vs aperiodic.
3) Concepts of orthogonality, correlation, autocorrelation as they relate to signal comparison.
4) Review of the Fourier series and Fourier transform as tools to represent signals in the frequency domain.
In this talk I will discuss different approximations in DFT: pseduo-potentials, exchange correlation functions.
The presentation can be downloaded here:
http://www.attaccalite.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/dft_approximations.odp
The document summarizes experimental work on measuring the quantum state of optical fields. It describes the technique of optical homodyne tomography, which involves balanced homodyne detection. Original measurements of single-mode squeezed states are discussed as well as recent developments like multimode measurements and new homodyne schemes. Applications of state measurement techniques to ultrafast photon sampling are also discussed.
This document is a project report submitted as part of an undergraduate electrical engineering curriculum. It investigates solving a problem involving the mutual inductance of a coupled circuit. The objective is to determine and plot the voltage v1(t) and v2(t) across the inductors. Theoretical calculations are shown using equations relating the voltages and currents based on the self and mutual inductances. A MATLAB simulation is also presented, showing the results match the theoretical calculations.
IRJET- Bohr’s Complementarity and Afshar’s Experiment: A Non-Dualistic St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses Bohr's principle of complementarity and its application to Afshar's experiment at the single-quantum level using a proposed non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. It first provides background on Bohr's complementarity principle and its use to explain wave-particle duality. It then summarizes a non-dualistic interpretation which views the wave function as an instantaneous resonant spatial mode that interacts with an excited dual vector upon observation. This allows observation results to be explained without probability or duality. Finally, it applies this interpretation to analyze complementarity and flaws in Afshar's argument regarding simultaneous wave-like and particle-like behavior.
Fourier analysis techniques Fourier transforms- part 2Jawad Khan
contains solved problems on fourier series applications in electrical circuits and derivation of fourier transform equations with its properties, description and usage
This document provides an overview of time-domain analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It discusses impulse response and unit step response, which are used to characterize the memory and stability of systems. Transient responses like rise time and settling time are also examined. Convolution is introduced as a way to calculate the output of LTI systems using the impulse response. Difference equations are presented as a method to model discrete-time linear shift-invariant (LSI) systems.
A Simple Design to Mitigate Problems of Conventional Digital Phase Locked LoopCSCJournals
This paper presents a method which can estimate frequency, phase and power of received signal corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in large frequency offset environment. Proposed method consists of two loops, each loop is similar to a phase–locked loop (PLL) structure. The proposed structure solves the problems of conventional PLL such as limited estimation range, long settling time, overshoot, high frequency ripples and instability. Traditional inability of PLL to synchronize signals with large frequency offset is also removed in this method. Furthermore, proposed architecture along with providing stability, ensures fast tracking of any changes in input frequency. Proposed method is also implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA), it consumes 201 mW and works at 197 MHz.
Signals and Systems: Energy and Power Signalsnishtha97
This is a presentation which covers the basic information and knowledge about the types of signals: Energy and power signals. Hope you find it useful. :)
Electron-phonon coupling describes the interaction between electrons and phonons in materials. It can be calculated using density functional perturbation theory to obtain the electron-phonon matrix elements and phonon frequencies. This allows calculating temperature-dependent corrections to electronic band structures and optical properties within many-body perturbation theory. Yambo software implements these methods, calculating temperature renormalization of quasi-particle energies and broadening, as well as finite-temperature excitons and dielectric functions.
This document reviews experimental approaches to analyze spin wave dynamics in ferromagnetic nanoscale structures. It describes recent developments in frequency- and field-swept spectroscopy to determine the resonant response of nanoscale ferromagnets. It also describes time-resolved measurements in the GHz frequency and picosecond time domains to analyze the relaxation of magnetization after microwave excitation. Examples are presented for analyzing and manipulating different mechanisms for the relaxation of magnetization into its ground state.
In this talk I will present real-time spectroscopy and different code to perform this kind of calculations.
This presentation can be download here:
http://www.attaccalite.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RealTime_Lausanne_2022.odp
This document provides an introduction to signals and systems. It begins by classifying different types of signals as continuous-time/discrete-time, analog/digital, deterministic/random, periodic/aperiodic, power/energy. It then discusses representations of signals in the time and frequency domains, including the Fourier series representation of periodic signals. Key concepts covered include the unit step, rectangular, triangular and sinc functions, as well as signal operations like time shifting, scaling and inversion. The document concludes by introducing Parseval's theorem relating the power of a signal to the power of its Fourier coefficients.
Detection of Power Line Disturbances using DSP TechniquesKashishVerma18
This document summarizes Kashish Verma's presentation on detecting power line disturbances using digital signal processing techniques. It discusses using Simulink models to simulate normal and disturbed power systems. Various DSP techniques for frequency estimation like Prony analysis, FFT, SVD, MUSIC, and ESPIRIT are described along with their advantages and drawbacks. Detection of faults during power swings using methods like Prony analysis, wavelet transform, and ANFIS is also summarized. Overall, the document provides an overview of modeling power systems and applying DSP for fault detection and frequency estimation.
Polarization bremsstrahlung on atoms, plasmas, nanostructures and solidsSpringer
This document discusses the quantum electrodynamics approach to describing bremsstrahlung, or braking radiation, of a fast charged particle colliding with an atom. It derives expressions for the amplitude of bremsstrahlung on a one-electron atom within the first Born approximation. The amplitude has static and polarization terms. The static term corresponds to radiation from the incident particle in the nuclear field, reproducing previous results. The polarization term accounts for radiation from the atomic electron and contains resonant denominators corresponding to intermediate atomic states. The full treatment allows various limits to be taken, such as removing the nucleus or atomic electron, reproducing known results from quantum electrodynamics.
This document provides an introduction to quantum mechanics concepts including:
1. It describes Schrodinger's wave equation and its applications, including quantized energy levels and tunneling effects.
2. Wave-particle duality is discussed through experiments demonstrating the wave-like and particle-like properties of electrons.
3. The uncertainty principle and solutions to Schrodinger's wave equation for simple potential wells are presented, showing energy levels are quantized.
This document provides an overview of signals and systems. It defines a signal as a physical quantity that varies with time and contains information. Signals are classified as deterministic or non-deterministic, periodic or aperiodic, even or odd, energy-based or power-based, and continuous-time or discrete-time. Systems are combinations of elements that process input signals to produce output signals. Key properties of systems include causality, linearity, time-invariance, stability, and invertibility. Applications of signals and systems are found in control systems, communications, signal processing, and more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
- Intermodulated differential immittance spectroscopy (IDIS) is a nonlinear analysis technique that uses two input frequencies (a probe and stimulus signal) to perturb an electrochemical system.
- For a nonlinear system, the output contains not only the probe and stimulus frequencies but also sidebands located at the sum and difference of the frequencies, due to intermodulation.
- The technique defines a transfer function called the differential immittance spectrum, which can be calculated from the sideband amplitudes. This provides information about the system's nonlinearity.
- Testing on a Schottky diode showed that the differential immittance spectrum could accurately determine the diode's flat band voltage and doping level from a single measurement.
An Improved Detection and Classification Technique of Harmonic Signals in Pow...Yayah Zakaria
This paper introduces an improved detection and classification technique of harmonic signals in power distribution using time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram. The spectrogram is an appropriate approach to signify signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The spectral information of signals can
be observed and estimated plainly from TFR due to identify the
characteristics of the signals. Based on rule-based classifier and the threshold settings that referred to IEEE Standard 1159 2009, the detection and classification of harmonic signals for 100 unique signals consist of various characteristic of harmonics are carried out successfully. The accuracy of proposed method is examined by using MAPE and the result show that the technique provides high accuracy. In addition, spectrogram also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is proven that the proposed method is accurate, fast and cost efficient for detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
An Improved Detection and Classification Technique of Harmonic Signals in Pow...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces an improved detection and classification technique of harmonic signals in power distribution using time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram. The spectrogram is an appropriate approach to signify signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The spectral information of signals can be observed and estimated plainly from TFR due to identify the characteristics of the signals. Based on rule-based classifier and the threshold settings that referred to IEEE Standard 1159 2009, the detection and classification of harmonic signals for 100 unique signals consist of various characteristic of harmonics are carried out successfully. The accuracy of proposed method is examined by using MAPE and the result show that the technique provides high accuracy. In addition, spectrogram also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is proven that the proposed method is accurate, fast and cost efficient for detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
This document proposes using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with a complex Morlet wavelet to detect low frequency oscillations in a power system. CWT is applied to signals measured from a two-area four-machine power system model. The results extract the frequency and damping of inter-area oscillations, which closely match those obtained from eigenvalue analysis. This demonstrates CWT as an effective technique for identifying low frequency oscillations in power systems.
Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform in the Field of Power Quality Events A...idescitation
This paper discusses using the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) to analyze power quality events. HHT can be applied to non-stationary and non-linear signals. It decomposes signals into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using Empirical Mode Decomposition and then applies the Hilbert Transform to obtain the time-frequency-energy representation. The paper applies HHT to voltage sag, swell, and harmonics with sag signals. It shows the IMFs, instantaneous frequency, amplitude, and phase obtained from HHT have potential to better analyze power quality events compared to other time-frequency methods.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF HUANG HILBERT TRANSFORM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTI...VLSICS Design
The most common brain disorders due to abnormal burst of electrical discharges are termed as Epileptic seizures. This work proposes an efficient approach to extract the features of epileptic seizures by decomposing EEG into band limited signals termed as IMF’s by empirical decomposition EMD. Huang Hilbert Transform is applied on these IMF’s for calculating Instantaneous frequencies and are classified using artificial neural network trained by Back propagation algorithm. The results indicate an accuracy of 97.87%. The algorithm is implemented using Verilog HDL on Zynq 7000 family FPGA evaluation board using Xilinx vivado 2015.2 version.
An Artificial Neural Network Model for Classification of Epileptic Seizures U...ijsc
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance in the brain. In This paper the EEG signals are decomposed into a finite set of band limited signals termed as Intrinsic mode functions. The Hilbert transom is applied on these IMF’s to calculate instantaneous frequencies. The 2nd,3rd and 4th IMF's are used to extract features of epileptic signal. A neural network using back propagation algorithm is implemented for classification of epilepsy. An overall accuracy of 99.8% is achieved in classification.
A Utilisation of Improved Gabor Transform for Harmonic Signals Detection and ...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a utilization of improved Gabor transform for harmonic signals detection and classification analysis in power distribution system. The Gabor transform is one of time frequency distribution technique with a capability of representing signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The estimation of spectral information can be obtained from TFR in order to identify the characteristics of the signals. The detection and classification of harmonic signals for 100 unique signals with numerous characteristic of harmonics with support of rule-based classifier and threshold setting that been referred to IEEE standard 1159 2009. The accuracy of proposed method is determined by using MAPE and the outcome demonstrate that the method gives high accuracy of harmonic signals classification. Additionally, Gabor transform also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is verified that the proposed method is accurate and cost efficient in detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
A Utilisation of Improved Gabor Transform for Harmonic Signals Detection and ...Yayah Zakaria
his paper presents a utilization of improved Gabor transform for harmonic signals detection and classification analysis in power distribution system. The Gabor transform is one of time frequency distribution technique with a capability of representing signals in jointly time-frequency domain and known as time frequency representation (TFR). The estimation of spectral
information can be obtained from TFR in order to identify the characteristics of the signals. The detection and classification of harmonic signals for 10 unique signals with numerous characteristic of harmonics with support of rule-based classifier and threshold setting that been referred to IEEE standard 1159 2009. The accuracy of proposed method is determined by using MAPE and the outcome demonstrate that the method gives high accuracy of harmonic signals classification. Additionally, Gabor transform also gives 100 percent correct classification of harmonic signals. It is verified that the proposed method is accurate and cost efficient in detecting and classifying harmonic signals in distribution system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a frequency modulated (FM) transmitter. It consists of a pre-amplifier to amplify audio from a microphone, which is then used to modulate the frequency of a tank circuit consisting of a coil and capacitor. The FM signal is converted to an electromagnetic wave and transmitted via an antenna. The transmitter keeps the carrier amplitude constant while varying its frequency according to the audio signal amplitude. Using transistors and passive components, the transmitter can transmit signals over an appreciable distance. It describes the basic blocks of the FM transmitter including the audio amplifier, RF oscillator, modulator, filters and power supply.
This document discusses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its application in analyzing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It begins with an introduction to FTIR, describing how it uses Fourier transforms to measure infrared absorption spectra. It then covers the basic concepts of FTIR including Michelson interferometers, Fourier transforms, and advantages over dispersive spectrometers. Applications discussed include chemical reaction analysis and surface functional group analysis. It provides an example using FTIR to analyze the reaction mechanism of photo-defined PDMS.
HARMONICS AND INTERHARMONICS ESTIMATION OF A PASSIVE MAGNETIC FAULT CURRENT L...cscpconf
This paper presents the harmonics and interharmonics analysis of a passive magnetic fault current limiter (MFCL). This device limits the current at post fault without affecting the pre-fault state of the system. The harmonics and interharmonics estimation of a non-stationary signal generated by MFCL has been investigated using Morlet Wavelet transform and FFT.Continous wavelet transform (CWT) have been applied for estimation of harmonics and
interharmonics in MFCL under normal and faulted condition.
1) The document discusses a nonlinear microwave oscillator system that can exhibit chaotic behavior based on a time-delayed feedback loop architecture operating in the 2-4 GHz frequency band.
2) It presents the experimental setup of the system using a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), splitter, mixer, and delay line. Mathematical models are developed to simulate the system dynamics.
3) Experiments show the system can transition from periodic to chaotic behavior as a nonlinearity parameter is increased. Synchronization is also achieved by bidirectionally coupling two similar microwave oscillator systems.
Analysis and Estimation of Harmonics Using Wavelet TechniqueRadita Apriana
The paper develops an approach based on wavelet technique for the evaluation and estimation of
harmonic contents of power system waveform. The proposed algorithm decomposes the signal waveforms
into the uniform frequency sub-bands corresponding to the odd harmonic components of the signal. The
proposed implementation of algorithm determines the frequency bands of harmonics which retain both the
time and frequency relationship of the original waveforms and uses a method to suppress those
harmonics.Thewaveletalgorithm is selected to obtain compatible output bands with the harmonic groups
defined in the standards for power-supply systems. A comparative analysis will be done with the input and
the results obtained from the wavelet transform (WT) for different measuring conditions and Simulation
results are given.
Shunt Faults Detection on Transmission Line by Waveletpaperpublications3
Abstract: Transmission line fault detection is a very important task because major portion of power system fault occurring in transmission system. This paper represents a fast and reliable method of transmission line shunt fault detection. MATLAB Simulink use for modeled an IEEE 9-bus test power system for case study of various faults. In proposed work Daubechies wavelet is applied for decomposition of fault transients. The application of wavelet analysis helps in accurate classification of the various fault patterns. Wavelet entropy measure based on wavelet analysis is able to observe the unsteady signals and complexity of the system at time-frequency plane.
The result shows that the proposed method is capable to detect all the shunt faults.
The document compares different algorithms for detecting voltage sags and swells in power systems. It describes RMS voltage detection, peak voltage detection, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) methods. RMS detection uses historical data so it can be slow for mitigation. Peak detection requires only single-phase values but DFT is best for steady signals and not fast transients. The paper proposes a novel real-time algorithm to rapidly detect voltage sags and compares it to existing methods.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF HUANG HILBERT TRANSFORM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTI...VLSICS Design
The most common brain disorders due to abnormal burst of electrical discharges are termed as Epileptic seizures. This work proposes an efficient approach to extract the features of epileptic seizures by decomposing EEG into band limited signals termed as IMF’s by empirical decomposition EMD. Huang Hilbert Transform is applied on these IMF’s for calculating Instantaneous frequencies and are classified
using artificial neural network trained by Back propagation algorithm. The results indicate an accuracy of 97.87%. The algorithm is implemented using Verilog HDL on Zynq 7000 family FPGA evaluation board using Xilinx vivado 2015.2 version.
This document describes an electronic doorbell system that uses a keypad and GSM for home security. The system consists of a doorbell connected to a microcontroller that triggers a GSM module to send an SMS to the homeowner when the doorbell is pressed. The homeowner can then respond via button press to open the door, or a message will be displayed if they do not respond. An authorized person can enter a password on the keypad, and if multiple wrong passwords are entered, a message will be sent to the homeowner about a potential burglary attempt. The system aims to provide notification to homeowners and prevent unauthorized access through use of passwords and messaging capabilities.
Augmented reality, the new age technology, has widespread applications in every field imaginable. This technology has proven to be an inflection point in numerous verticals, improving lives and improving performance. In this paper, we explore the various possible applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of Medicine. The objective of using AR in medicine or generally in any field is the fact that, AR helps in motivating the user, making sessions interactive and assist in faster learning. In this paper, we discuss about the applicability of AR in the field of medical diagnosis. Augmented reality technology reinforces remote collaboration, allowing doctors to diagnose patients from a different locality. Additionally, we believe that a much more pronounced effect can be achieved by bringing together the cutting edge technology of AR and the lifesaving field of Medical sciences. AR is a mechanism that could be applied in the learning process too. Similarly, virtual reality could be used in the field where more of practical experience is needed such as driving, sports, neonatal care training.
Image fusion is a sub field of image processing in which more than one images are fused to create an image where all the objects are in focus. The process of image fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image. To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Thus, it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image segmentation, edge detection, stereo matching and image enhancement. Hence, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has been proposed which fuses multi-focus images. Thus, the results of extensive experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique is presented. The proposed work further explores comparison between fuzzy based image fusion and neuro fuzzy fusion technique along with quality evaluation indices.
Graphs have become the dominant life-form of many tasks as they advance a
structure to represent many tasks and the corresponding relations. A powerful
role of networks/graphs is to bridge local feats that exist in vertices as they
blossom into patterns that help explain how nodal relations and their edges
impacts a complex effect that ripple via a graph. User cluster are formed as a
result of interactions between entities. Many users can hardly categorize their
contact into groups today such as “family”, “friends”, “colleagues” etc. Thus,
the need to analyze such user social graph via implicit clusters, enables the
dynamism in contact management. Study seeks to implement this dynamism
via a comparative study of deep neural network and friend suggest algorithm.
We analyze a user’s implicit social graph and seek to automatically create
custom contact groups using metrics that classify such contacts based on a
user’s affinity to contacts. Experimental results demonstrate the importance
of both the implicit group relationships and the interaction-based affinity in
suggesting friends.
This paper projects Gryllidae Optimization Algorithm (GOA) has been applied to solve optimal reactive power problem. Proposed GOA approach is based on the chirping characteristics of Gryllidae. In common, male Gryllidae chirp, on the other hand some female Gryllidae also do as well. Male Gryllidae draw the females by this sound which they produce. Moreover, they caution the other Gryllidae against dangers with this sound. The hearing organs of the Gryllidae are housed in an expansion of their forelegs. Through this, they bias to the produced fluttering sounds. Proposed Gryllidae Optimization Algorithm (GOA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14, 30 bus test systems and simulation results show that the projected algorithms reduced the real power loss considerably.
In the wake of the sudden replacement of wood and kerosene by gas cookers for several purposes in Nigeria, gas leakage has caused several damages in our homes, Laboratories among others. installation of a gas leakage detection device was globally inspired to eliminate accidents related to gas leakage. We present an alternative approach to developing a device that can automatically detect and control gas leakages and also monitor temperature. The system detects the leakage of the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) using a gas sensor, then triggred the control system response which employs ventilator system, Mobile phone alert and alarm when the LPG concentration in the air exceeds a certain level. The performance of two gas sensors (MQ5 and MQ6) were tested for a guided decision. Also, when the temperature of the environment poses a danger, LED (indicator), buzzer and LCD (16x2) display was used to indicate temperature and gas leakage status in degree Celsius and PPM respectively. Attension was given to the response time of the control system, which was ascertained that this system significantly increases the chances and efficiency of eliminating gas leakage related accident.
Feature selection problem is one of the main important problems in the text and data mining domain. This paper presents a comparative study of feature selection methods for Arabic text classification. Five of the feature selection methods were selected: ICHI square, CHI square, Information Gain, Mutual Information and Wrapper. It was tested with five classification algorithms: Bayes Net, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Networks. In addition, Data Collection was used in Arabic consisting of 9055 documents, which were compared by four criteria: Precision, Recall, F-measure and Time to build model. The results showed that the improved ICHI feature selection got almost all the best results in comparison with other methods.
The document proposes the Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) to solve the optimal reactive power problem. The goal is to minimize real power loss. GPA is inspired by the natural behaviors of Gentoo penguins. In GPA, penguin positions represent potential solutions. Penguins move toward other penguins with lower "cost" or higher heat concentration, representing better solutions. Cost is defined by heat concentration and distance between penguins. Heat radiation decreases with distance. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 57 bus system and reduces real power loss effectively compared to other methods.
08 20272 academic insight on applicationIAESIJEECS
This research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation.There was an expressive quantitative-qualitative research, which a common investigation form was used in.The dialogue item was also applied to discover if the contributors asserted the media-based attitude supplements their learning of academic English writing classes or not.Data recounted academic” insights toward using Skype as a sustaining implement for lessons releasing based on chosen variables: their occupation, year of education, and knowledge with Skype discovered that there were no important statistical differences in the use of Skype units because of medical academics major knowledge. There are statistically important differences in using Skype units. The findings also, disclosed that there are statistically significant differences in using Skype units due to the practice with Skype variable, in favors of academics with no Skype use practice. Skype instrument as an instructive media is a positive medium to be employed to supply academic medical writing data and assist education. Academics who do not have enough time to contribute in classes believe comfortable using the Skype-based attitude in scientific writing. They who took part in the course claimed that their approval of this media is due to learning academic innovative medical writing.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
Notary is an official authorized to make an authentic deed regarding all deeds, agreements and stipulations required by a general rule. Activities carried out at the notary office such as recording client data and file data still use traditional systems that tend to be manual. The problem that occurs is the inefficiency in data processing and providing information to clients. Clients have difficulty getting information related to the progress of documents that are being taken care of at the notary's office. The client must take the time to arrive to the notary's office repeatedly to check the progress of the work of the document file. The purpose of this study is to facilitate clients in obtaining information about the progress of the work in progress, and make it easier for employees to process incoming documents by implementing an administrative system. This system was developed with the waterfall system development method and uses the Multi-Channel Access Technology integrated in the website to simplify the process of delivering information and requesting information from clients and to clients with Telegram and SMS Gateway. Clients will come to the office only when there is a notification from the system via Telegram or SMS notifying that the client must come directly to the notary's office, thus leading to an efficient time and avoiding excessive transportation costs. The overall functional system can function properly based on the results of alpha testing. The results of beta testing conducted by distributing the system feasibility test questionnaire to end users, get a percentage of 96% of users agree the system is feasible to be implemented.
In this work Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) is proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In the projected Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) in order to avoid the searching agents from trapping into the local optimal the converging towards global optimal is divided based on two different conditions. In the proposed Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) omega tundra wolf has been taken as searching agent as an alternative of indebted to pursue the first three most excellent candidates. Escalating the searching agents’ numbers will perk up the exploration capability of the Tundra wolf wolves in an extensive range. Proposed Tundra wolf algorithm (TWA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14, 30 bus test systems and simulation results show the proposed algorithm reduced the real power loss effectively.
In this work Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm has been applied to solve optimal reactive power problem. PPS algorithm has been modeled based on the motion of the particles in the exploration space. Normally the movement of the particle is based on gradient and swarming motion. Particles are permitted to progress in steady velocity in gradient-based progress, but when the outcome is poor when compared to previous upshot, immediately particle rapidity will be upturned with semi of the magnitude and it will help to reach local optimal solution and it is expressed as wavering movement. In standard IEEE 14, 30, 57,118,300 bus systems Proposed Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm is evaluated and simulation results show the PPS reduced the power loss efficiently.
In this paper, Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA) has been intermingled with Harmony Search (HS) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. MBA is based on explosion of landmines and HS is based on Creativeness progression of musicians-both are hybridized to solve the problem. In MBA Initial distance of shrapnel pieces are reduced gradually to allow the mine bombs search the probable global minimum location in order to amplify the global explore capability. Harmony search (HS) imitates the music creativity process where the musicians supervise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a best state of harmony. Hybridization of Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) improves the search effectively in the solution space. Mine blast algorithm improves the exploration and harmony search algorithm augments the exploitation. At first the proposed algorithm starts with exploration & gradually it moves to the phase of exploitation. Proposed Hybridized Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) has been tested on standard IEEE 14, 300 bus test systems. Real power loss has been reduced considerably by the proposed algorithm. Then Hybridized Mine Blast Algorithm with Harmony Search algorithm (MH) tested in IEEE 30, bus system (with considering voltage stability index)- real power loss minimization, voltage deviation minimization, and voltage stability index enhancement has been attained.
Artificial Neural Networks have proved their efficiency in a large number of research domains. In this paper, we have applied Artificial Neural Networks on Arabic text to prove correct language modeling, text generation, and missing text prediction. In one hand, we have adapted Recurrent Neural Networks architectures to model Arabic language in order to generate correct Arabic sequences. In the other hand, Convolutional Neural Networks have been parameterized, basing on some specific features of Arabic, to predict missing text in Arabic documents. We have demonstrated the power of our adapted models in generating and predicting correct Arabic text comparing to the standard model. The model had been trained and tested on known free Arabic datasets. Results have been promising with sufficient accuracy.
In the present-day communications speech signals get contaminated due to
various sorts of noises that degrade the speech quality and adversely impacts
speech recognition performance. To overcome these issues, a novel approach
for speech enhancement using Modified Wiener filtering is developed and
power spectrum computation is applied for degraded signal to obtain the
noise characteristics from a noisy spectrum. In next phase, MMSE technique
is applied where Gaussian distribution of each signal i.e. original and noisy
signal is analyzed. The Gaussian distribution provides spectrum estimation
and spectral coefficient parameters which can be used for probabilistic model
formulation. Moreover, a-priori-SNR computation is also incorporated for
coefficient updation and noise presence estimation which operates similar to
the conventional VAD. However, conventional VAD scheme is based on the
hard threshold which is not capable to derive satisfactory performance and a
soft-decision based threshold is developed for improving the performance of
speech enhancement. An extensive simulation study is carried out using
MATLAB simulation tool on NOIZEUS speech database and a comparative
study is presented where proposed approach is proved better in comparison
with existing technique.
Previous research work has highlighted that neuro-signals of Alzheimer’s disease patients are least complex and have low synchronization as compared to that of healthy and normal subjects. The changes in EEG signals of Alzheimer’s subjects start at early stage but are not clinically observed and detected. To detect these abnormalities, three synchrony measures and wavelet-based features have been computed and studied on experimental database. After computing these synchrony measures and wavelet features, it is observed that Phase Synchrony and Coherence based features are able to distinguish between Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy subjects. Support Vector Machine classifier is used for classification giving 94% accuracy on experimental database used. Combining, these synchrony features and other such relevant features can yield a reliable system for diagnosing the Alzheimer’s disease.
Attenuation correction designed for PET/MR hybrid imaging frameworks along with portion making arrangements used for MR-based radiation treatment remain testing because of lacking high-energy photon weakening data. We present a new method so as to uses the learned nonlinear neighborhood descriptors also highlight coordinating toward foresee pseudo-CT pictures starting T1w along with T2w MRI information. The nonlinear neighborhood descriptors are acquired through anticipating the direct descriptors interested in the nonlinear high-dimensional space utilizing an unequivocal constituent guide also low-position guess through regulated complex regularization. The nearby neighbors of every near descriptor inside the data MR pictures are looked during an obliged spatial extent of the MR pictures among the training dataset. By that point, the pseudo-CT patches are evaluated through k-closest neighbor relapse. The planned procedure designed for pseudo-CT forecast is quantitatively broke downward on top of a dataset comprising of coordinated mind MRI along with CT pictures on or after 13 subjects.
The cognitive radio prototype performance is to alleviate the scarcity of spectral resources for wireless communication through intelligent sensing and quick resource allocation techniques. Secondary users (SU’s) actively obtain the spectrum access opportunity by supporting primary users (PU’s) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In present generation, spectrum access is endowed through cooperative communication-based link-level frame-based cooperative (LLC) principle. In this SUs independently act as conveyors for PUs to achieve spectrum access opportunities. Unfortunately, this LLC approach cannot fully exploit spectrum access opportunities to enhance the throughput of CRNs and fails to motivate PUs to join the spectrum sharing processes. Therefore, to overcome this con, network level cooperative (NLC) principle was used, where SUs are integrated mutually to collaborate with PUs session by session, instead of frame based cooperation for spectrum access opportunities. NLC approach has justified the challenges facing in LLC approach. In this paper we make a survey of some models that have been proposed to tackle the problem of LLC. We show the relevant aspects of each model, in order to characterize the parameters that we should take in account to achieve a spectrum access opportunity.
In this paper, the author provides insights and lessons that can be learned from colleagues at American universities about their online education experiences. The literature review and previous studies of online educations gains are explored and summarized in this research. Emerging trends in online education are discussed in detail, and strategies to implement these trends are explained. The author provides several tools and strategies that enable universities to ensure the quality of online education. At the end of this research paper, the researcher provides examples from Arab universities who have successfully implemented online education and expanded their impact on the society. This research provides a strategy and a model that can be used by universities in the Middle East as a roadmap to implement online education in their regions.
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Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Properties of Fluids, Fluid Statics, Pressure MeasurementIndrajeet sahu
Properties of Fluids: Density, viscosity, surface tension, compressibility, and specific gravity define fluid behavior.
Fluid Statics: Studies pressure, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and fluid forces on surfaces.
Pressure at a Point: In a static fluid, the pressure at any point is the same in all directions. This is known as Pascal's principle. The pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It can be calculated using the formula P=ρghP=ρgh, where PP is the pressure, ρρ is the fluid density, gg is the acceleration due to gravity, and hh is the height of the fluid column above the point in question.
Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or partially submerged object. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, as described by Archimedes' principle. Buoyancy explains why objects float or sink in fluids.
Fluid Pressure on Surfaces: The analysis of pressure forces on surfaces submerged in fluids. This includes calculating the total force and the center of pressure, which is the point where the resultant pressure force acts.
Pressure Measurement: Manometers, barometers, pressure gauges, and differential pressure transducers measure fluid pressure.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
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Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
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44
accuracy, and the selection of basis function is more difficult. In addition, the above methods are
based on the power frequency carrier, and it does not contain high harmonics on the basis of
the voltage flicker model, and the actual voltage flicker signal often contains a certain amount of
high harmonics. The Hilbert transform is used to detect the voltage flicker envelope in the flicker
signal after noise removal [8], it is considering the influence of noise such as higher harmonics,
but it requires the pretreatment filtering of mathematical morphology.
In 2006, M. Feldman et al. proposed a new method of non-stationary signal analysis, it
is Hilbert vibration decomposition (HVD) [9], and it was successfully applied to mechanical
vibration signal analysis [9, 10]. Based on the Hilbert transform, the instantaneous frequency,
instantaneous amplitude and phase of each non - stationary frequency component are
estimated by low - pass filtering and synchronization detection. In this paper, HVD is applied to
the detection of voltage fricher envelope and the modulation frequency components for the first
time. The power frequency carrier with high harmonics is analyzed. The simulation results show
that the HVD method is effective for voltage flicker detection.
2. Analysis of HVD Voltage Flicker
2.1. Mathematical Model of Voltage Flicker
Voltage flicker is the low frequency modulation of the power frequency voltage carrier.
Because the power frequency carrier contains high harmonic noise, the voltage flicker signal
can be expressed as formula (1):
0
1
0 0
1
( ) ( ) ( ) [ cos(2π )]
[cos(2π ) cos(2π )]
L
l l l
l
K
k k k
k
v t u t t U U t
f t m f t
(1)
Where: u(t) is the envelope signal (amplitude modulation wave); (t) is the high
frequency harmonic carrier frequency; U0 is the amplitude of the power frequency carrier
voltage; Ul is the amplitude of the amplitude modulation wave voltage; λl is the frequency of the
amplitude modulation wave voltage; l is the initial phase of the amplitude modulation wave
voltage; L is the total amplitude of the amplitude modulation wave frequency. f0 is the frequency
of the power frequency carrier voltage; θ0 is the initial phase of the power frequency carrier; mk
is the percentage of the harmonic frequency of the power frequency carrier voltage to the
frequency; fk is the higher harmonic frequency of the power frequency carrier voltage; θk is the
initial phase of the harmonic of the power frequency carrier; K is the total number of harmonics.
2.2. Flicker Envelope HVD Method Analysis
It can be seen from equation (1) that the envelope u(t) of the voltage flicker signal
carries the amplitude and frequency information of the flicker. When the power frequency carrier
voltage does not contain harmonic components and other noise, the voltage flicker signal can
be directly requested by Hilbert transform, the instantaneous amplitude of the analytical signal is
used to determine the flicker envelope, and then the flicker parameters are obtained. The
frequency carrier voltage contains high harmonics, the envelope is detected by the Hilbert
transform, the envelope will also contain the corresponding higher harmonic components. If it is
directly used, the estimated flicker parameter will bring a large error. Mathematical morphology
method is used for pretreatment, the high harmonics is filtered out the voltage flicker [8]. In this
paper, HVD is used to extract the fission envelope with higher harmonics, and no other
pretreatment is needed.
In order to simplify the analysis without losing the generality, we first consider the flicker
signal with a single high-frequency harmonic component (K = 1 in equation (1)), which can be
expressed as follows:
0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1
( ) ( ) [cos(2π ) cos(2π )]
( )cos(2π ) ( )cos(2π )
v t u t f t m f t
u t f t u t f t
(2)
3. IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752
A New Method of Voltage Flicker Detection for Hilbert Vibration Decomposition (Tiejun Cao)
45
Where u(t) is the envelope signal; f0 is the frequency of the carrier frequency; θ0 is the
initial phase of the power frequency carrier; m1 is the percentage of the harmonic frequency of
the carrier voltage in the carrier frequency; f1 is the harmonic Frequency; θ1 is the initial
harmonic phase; u 0(t)=u(t); u1(t)=m1u(t).
After the Hilbert transform, the analytic signal of v(t) can be expressed as follow.
0 0 1 1(2π ) (2π )
0 1( ) ( )e ( )ei f t i f t
X t u t u t
(3)
The instantaneous amplitude A(t) and the instantaneous frequency F(t) can be
expressed as:
2 2
0 1 0 1 1 0
1/ 2
1 0
( ) [ ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )cos(2π( )
)]
A t u t u t u t u t f f t
(4)
2
0 1 0 1 0 1 1
2
0 1 0
( ) ( )[ ( ) ( ) ( )cos(2π(
) )]/ ( )
F t f f f u t u t u t f
f t A t
(5)
In equation (5): F(t) consists of two parts, the first part is the power frequency f0, and the
second part is the rapidly changing asymmetric oscillation part. The latter is set to zero in the
interval [0, T = 1 / (f1-f0)], which can be proved to be zero [9]. Then the frequency f0 can be
obtained by estimating the integral mean of F(t). Low-pass filter method F(t) can also used in
the rapid conversion of the frequency components, frequency f0 is estimated.
When the flicker signal contains a plurality of higher harmonic components (K≥2), the
expression of the instantaneous amplitude A(t) and the instantaneous frequency F(t) of the v(t)
resolution signal is more complicated, but the low-pass filter method can also be extracted from
the frequency f0 [9].
v(t) multiplies respectively with 2cos(2πf0t), 2sin(πf0t) by synchronous detection, the
following expression is obtained:
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
( ) ( ) 2cos2π ( )cos( ) ( )cos(4π
) 2 ( )cos2π cos(2π )
Z t v t f t u t u t f t
u t f t f t
(6)
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
( ) ( ) 2sin2π ( )sin( ) ( )sin(4π
) 2 ( )sin2π cos(2π )
Z t v t f t u t u t f t
u t f t f t
(7)
Both (6) and (7) contain three parts. The low-pass filter can filter the following two parts
to get the following expression:
0 0( ) ( )cos( )Z t u t (8)
0 0( ) ( )sin( )Z t u t (9)
From the formula (8), (9), we obtain voltage flicker envelope u0(t) and the initial phase
θ0.
2 2
0( ) ( ) ( )u t Z t Z t (10)
0
( )
arctan
( )
Z t
Z t
(11)
The above Hilbert transform, corresponding to the low-pass filter and the simultaneous
analysis of the integrated analysis is called the HVD method. Firstly, the instantaneous
frequency of the fricative analytic signal is obtained by Hilbert transform, and then the carrier
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46
frequency with the largest envelope amplitude is separated by the low-pass filter, that is the
instantaneous frequency of the power frequency, and finally the power frequency carrier voltage
flicker envelope is estimated by synchronous detection.
2.3. Analysis of Flicker Frequency and Amplitude by HVD Method
The HVD method not only can effectively extract the flicker envelope signal, but also it
can detect the frequency and amplitude of each modulation component.
The DC component is removed, the flicker envelope signal can be expressed as:
1
( ) cos(2π )
L
l l l
l
u t U t
(12)
Where: L is the total number of amplitude modulation wave; Ul, λl and l , respectively,
said the amplitude, frequency and initial phase of the l-th modulation frequency components.
When L = 2, the initial phase is ignored, the instantaneous amplitude A(t) and
instantaneous frequency F(t) of the u(t) analytical signal can be expressed as formula(13),(14)
after Hilbert transform:
2 2 1/ 2
1 2 1 2 2 1( ) [ 2 cos(2π( ) ]A t U U U U t (13)
2
2 1 2 1 2 2 1
1 2
( )[ cos(2π( ) ]
( )
( )
U U U t
F t
A t
(14)
In equation (13): F(t) consists of two parts, the first part is the flicker modulation
frequency λ1, and the second part is the asymmetric oscillation part of the fast transformation. In
practical applications, when the L ≥ 2 and the modulation component amplitudes are not equal,
the flicker modulation frequency λ1 can be detected with the low-pass filter method[9]. On the
basis of this, the amplitude U1 and the initial phase angle 1 are obtained by using the
synchronization detection method.
1 1 1 1( ) cos(2π )t U t (15)
1(t) subtracts from the initial signal u(t), and it repeats the above operations to obtain
other modulation components and their amplitude and frequency parameters in turn. When the
corresponding standard deviation of the formula (15) is less than a certain limit, the iteration is
stopped.
2.4. Low-pass Filter and Parameter Selection
In this paper, we use the Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter [11] to achieve the key link in the
HVD method - low-pass filtering. The main idea of S-G filtering is to fit an M-order polynomial by
the least squares method according to the total of 2m + 1 data on each side of the given point
xi. The value of the polynomial at the point of xi is its filter value. Compared with the average
filter, S-G filter can keep the waveform in the case of the maximum elimination of high-
frequency noise. Taking into account the computational efficiency and accuracy, the polynomial
fitting order M usually is in the range of 2 to 4, the smaller the value of M, the better the
smoothing effect, but the greater the error is introduced; otherwise, the larger the value of M,
the worse the smoothing effect, many high frequency noise can not be eliminated. Aiming at the
HVD detection method of flicker signal in this paper, a satisfactory result can be obtained by
calculating M = 3.
The selection of the length of the S-G filter data window 2m + 1 is based on the
sampling frequency fc and the desired filter cutoff frequency Fc. It can be seen that the cutoff
frequency of the low-pass filter determines the frequency resolution of the HVD method. When
the difference between the adjacent sub-harmonic frequencies is greater than the cut-off
frequency of the low-pass filter, the two can be separated, the smaller the cut-off frequency of
the low-pass filter, it can detect more accurately the harmonic components with similar
frequencies. Considering the waveform distortion and the stability of the filter, the cut-off
5. IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752
A New Method of Voltage Flicker Detection for Hilbert Vibration Decomposition (Tiejun Cao)
47
frequency of the low-pass filter can be selected as small as possible. In this paper, the function
of S-G filter is to eliminate the fast changing asymmetric oscillation high frequency value when
the effective frequency component is retained. When the flicker envelope is detected, the
characteristic of the actual voltage flicker signal is taken, the sampling frequency of 6 400 Hz is
taken as an example, Fc = 0.02 Fs, M = 3, m = 35,it can effectively extract the frequency carrier
voltage flicker envelope of higher harmonics. When the frequency and the amplitude of the
power flicker are detected, the flicker frequency is mainly between 0.5 ~ 35 Hz, the detected
fricher envelope downs to 100 Hz, the same SG parameters still be used, it can meet
requirements.
3. Simulation Research
After voltage flicker is researched in the case of multiple modulation frequency voltage
flicker, the sampling frequency is 6 400 Hz and the voltage reference is 50 Hz. Analysis formula
(1), take L = 2, K = 3, the flicker analysis is as follows:
2
0 0 0
1
3
1
( ) [ cos(2π )] [cos(2π )
cos(2π )]
l l l
l
k k k
k
v t U U t f t
m f t
(16)
Where: frequency carrier and modulation amplitude, frequency parameters in Table 1.
The higher harmonics in the frequency carrier are: the 5th harmonic of amplitude 0.080 pu, the
seventh harmonic of amplitude 0.050 pu, the 9th harmonic of amplitude 0.020 pu. Where the
initial phase values are zero.
Table 1. Parameters of voltage flicker with multiple modulation frequencies
Parameter U0/pu f0/Hz U1/pu λ1/Hz U2/pu λ2/Hz
Setpoint 1.000 50.000 0.100 5.000 0.080 10.000
HVD 0.995 50.010 0.103 4.989 0.076 9.881
Figure 1. HVD analysis of voltage flicker envelope with invariable power frequency
Figure 1(a) is for the original signal waveform of the multi-modulation frequency voltage
flicker. the power frequency instantaneous frequency waveform is measured by HVD method,
as is shown in Figure 1(b), the error is 0.02% between the detection value (50.010 Hz) and the
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48
expected value. Figure 1(c) and Figure 1(d) are the hysteresis envelopes and envelope errors
for HVD detection. The frequency and amplitude of the flicker envelope were further extracted
by HVD for each modulation component. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that
the HVD method can be used to detect accurately the amplitude and frequency of the power
frequency carrier, the flicker envelope and the frequency modulation components of the multi-
modulation frequency flicker signal with certain harmonic noise.
Figure 2. HVD and DWT analysis of voltage flicker modulation component
Figure 3. HVD and DWT spectrum analysis of voltage flicker modulation component
In order to verify the accuracy of the HVD method to detect the frequency and
amplitude parameters of the modulation component, the voltage flicker envelope is expected to
be the original signal (parameter set in Table 1), and the detection results of HVD and Discrete
Wavelet Transform (DWT) are compared. The Daubechies 20 wavelet basis function is used.
According to the band decomposition characteristic, the two modulation wave frequencies fall in
7. IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752
A New Method of Voltage Flicker Detection for Hilbert Vibration Decomposition (Tiejun Cao)
49
the approximate component band A9 and the detail component band D9 respectively. The
measured waveforms of the two methods are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2(a) is a voltage flicker
envelope. Figure 2(b) and (c) are two modulated frequency signal waveforms which are
extracted by the HVD method. Figure 2(d) and Figure 2(e) are two modulated frequency signal
waveforms, which are obtained after the flicker envelope is separated by the DWT method. The
modulation component spectrum is measured byHVD and DWT method, the analysis results
are shown in Figure 3. From Figure 2 and Figure 3, we can see that HVD and DWT can detect
5Hz and 10Hz modulation frequency components, and the amplitude and the true value are
consistent. However, in the DWT modulation component spectrum which are shown in Figure
3(c) and (d), there are other undesired frequency components except for the main frequency
component the main frequency components. It is found that the wavelet basis function is difficult
to guarantee the frequency division and energy concentration, so the wavelet transform
inevitably exists frequency domain aliasing, which affects the precision of the detection. The
HVD method does not need the basis function, as long as the low-pass filter cut-off frequency is
less than the adjacent sub-modulation frequency difference, you can effectively separate the
two.
4. Experimental Verification
dSPACE is a set of hardware and software experimental platform for the development
and testing of control system based on MATLAB / Simulink. It can realize the seamless
connection with MATLAB / Simulink / RTW. It has the advantages of strong real-time, high
reliability and good scalability. The processor in the dSPACE hardware system has high-speed
computing power and it is equipped with rich I / O support. The software environment is
powerful and easy to use, it includes a complete set of tools for code generation / download and
test / commissioning.
In this paper, a dSPACE-based voltage flicker detection experiment platform is
constructed to verify the practicability and accuracy of HVD method. The actual grid voltage
flicker parameter expectations can not be accurately obtained, it can not be used as a test HVD
algorithm accuracy reference standard, the design of the experimental program is as follows
(system block diagram shown in Figure 4):
Figure 4. Voltage flicker experiment system block diagram
1) The signal generator generates the specified flicker voltage, which is added to a
certain resistor, and the required flicker signal is obtained from both ends of the resistor.
Arbitrary Waveform Generator Model is Agilent 33210A. Agilent IntuiLink is applied to create
custom waveforms. Resistors is conventional slippery rheostats.
2) The acquisition signal is converted to the digital by dSPACE hardware system
DS1003 via the A / D channel, the digital signal is input in the dSPACE I / O interface panel
CLP1103.
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50
3) Simulink module is built, self-compiled Simulink / Embedded MATLAB Function
function tis used o achieve HVD flicker detection algorithm.
4) Simulink block diagram automatically generated C code by MATLAB / RTW and
dSPACE / RTI together, it is downloaded to dSPACE real-time system hardware.
5) After real-time hardware operation, the experimental process and integrated
management are monitored through ControlDesk software.
Experimental signal source is for the dual FM flicker voltage signal, power frequency
carrier is carrying a certain amount of high harmonics. Sampling frequency is 6 400 Hz. The
results are exported to the Agilent IntuiLink display. The results of the experimental acquisition
waveform and HVD envelope are shown in Figure 5. The abscissa in the figure represents the
number of sampling points for the 2 s data segment and the ordinate represents the amplitude
of the normalized signal.
Figure 5. HVD experiment analysis of voltage flicker envelope with multiple modulation
frequencies
Since the IEC standard is only applicable to monotonic flicker analysis, the V10 flicker
standard is used here [12]. Table 2 shows the v10 flicker detection results for both HVD and
DWT methods. It can be seen that the detection error of V10 based on HVD is less than 1.60%
under different FM flicker parameters, and the detection error of DWT is up to 9.5%. Therefore,
the accuracy of HVD method in this paper is better than that of DWT method, which can meet
the high precision requirements of multi-frequency flicker detection.
Table 2. Comparison of HVD and DWT methods for V10 value with multiple modulation
frequencies
Modulation
frequency
/Hz
ΔV10/pu
Expected
value
HVD DWT
3,8 0.143 0.145 0.133
5,10 0.189 0.188 0.205
6,15 0.188 0.185 0.197
10,20 0.210 0.212 0.230
5. Conclusion
This paper presents a new method of voltage flicker detection based on Hilbert vibration
decomposition (HVD). Based on the Hilbert transform, the instantaneous frequency
characteristic of the fricative analytical signal is analyzed, and the instantaneous value of the
frequency is estimated simply by using the low-pass filter, and the envelope of the voltage
flicker is detected quickly and accurately. Modulation components of the amplitude, frequency
and other parameters are detected quickly and accurately . When the frequency carrier contains
high harmonics, no other preprocessing filtering method is required. Simulation and experiment
show that the method can accurately analyze the flicker signal, it is compared with DWT, its
accuracy and operation efficiency is higher, it is not need to select the basis function.
9. IJEECS ISSN: 2502-4752
A New Method of Voltage Flicker Detection for Hilbert Vibration Decomposition (Tiejun Cao)
51
Acknowledgements
This work is sponsored by the Scientific Research Project (NO. 17C0901) of Hunan
Provincial Education Department, China.
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