Jefferson Shriver Catholic Relief Services
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This document discusses using carbon insetting to address climate change, improve farmer livelihoods, and enhance supply chain security. It proposes the following: 1. Conducting a vulnerability study to assess exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to climate change. 2. Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from coffee production to agriculture to establish an emissions baseline. 3. Generating carbon credits through afforestation/reforestation and avoided deforestation projects to reduce vulnerability, sequester carbon, and generate tradeable credits under standards like Plan Vivo.
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Jefferson Shriver Catholic Relief Services
- 1. Carbon Insetting to Confront Climate Change, Improve Farmer Livelihoods, and Enhance Supply Chain Security
- 2. Partners and Roles • Vulnerability • Vulnerability Study = Exposure, Sensitivity, Capacity • Emissions Estimate • Generating Carbon CreditsProject Coordinator • PIN & PDD • Documentation for Learning & Replication • Support for Emissions Estimate
- 3. The Sweet Spot of Carbon Insetting
- 4. THE ROAD MAP
- 5. Concepts - Vulnerability definition Vulnerability The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change (IPCC 2001) Exposure Degree of climate stress upon a particular unit analysis Sensitivity Degree to which a system will be affected by, or responsive to climate stimuli Adaptive capacity Potential of a system to adjust to climate change
- 6. GHG Emissions Baseline Assessment I - Scope of the assessment • Sources of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) • Steps included (boundaries of the assessment): • production of the coffee cherries • processing of the coffee cherries to green coffee beans • transportation to the warehouses in the port(s) of export • Only organic farms were taken into account, would be very different from conventional • Not coffee from “sun farms“ but shade grown coffee farms • The assessment was made using the Cool Farm Tool
- 7. Emissions per kg of green coffee The GHG Emissions estimate calculated is 5.9 kg CO2e per kg of organically grown green coffee. GHG Emissions Baseline Assessment III - Main sources of GHG emissions
- 8. CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND CARBON CREDIT INITIATIVE 1 carbon credit = 1 t CO2e captured I. Different ways of generating carbon credits exist II. Different standards with different focus exist to market agricultural carbon credits PLAN VIVO
- 9. I.b - Carbon credit generation: most suitable activities • Afforestation/Reforestation • Trees are planted on areas that are currently non-forest, in order to establish a forest, plantation or agroforestry system • The newly planted trees will sequester carbon that was not sequestered before • Avoided Deforestation (aka REDD) • Deforestation is taking place or very likely to take place in the future • A system is implemented so that forests are not cut down
- 10. I.c – Linking carbon credit generation to vulnerability A properly designed Forestry based carbon project Reduce vulnerability to climate change Generate carbon credits Recommendations: • Diversify existing agroforestry systems (plant cacao, banana, avocado, citrus trees) • Establish traditional polyculture coffee agroforestry sytems • Establish new agroforestry systems such as Quesungual • Establish silvi pastoral systems • Build live fences
- 11. Investment Strategy Adaptation / Resilience 1) Improve and diversify current agroforestry systems. 2) Establish new agroforestry systems on available fallow land 3) Improve water treatment, reducing use of firewood for boiling 4) Promote soil conservation practices for fertility and sequestration 5) Promote adequate fertilization based on soil testing to increase productivity and reduce emissions. Reduced Emissions Investments in bio-digesters and waste water treatment systems at the farm or centralized level to capture and burn methane during wet mill processing (depulping, fermenting and washing coffee). Carbon sequestration 1. Afforestation / Reforestation for carbon credits with Plan Vivo 2. Avoided Deforestation for carbon credits with Plan Vivo on 1300 ha
- 12. Learning In Site Selection, combine carbon potential with CC vulnerability reduction, local stakeholder interest, and private sector engagement If possible, implement project with longstanding partners who are trusted in communities Combine as component in larger value chains initiative Consider activities for GHG Sequestration / Reduction that contribute to supply chain viability (trees used for shade) Have a parallel inset marketing strategy from the beginning. Technical expertise in PDD process was critical
Editor's Notes
- Carbon Sequestration and carbon credit initiative (20 minutes) a. Proposed carbon sequestration activities b. Proposed standard Different methodologies exist to “create/claim” carbon credits: Afforestation/Reforestation Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) Waste Water Treatment Efficient Cook stoves Agricultural Land Management (ALM) Improved Forest Management (IFM) Biomass to Energy Water Purification Solar Thermal
- due to projected population increase (livestock farmers around the coffee producing areas have no trees where to get timber and firewood from)
- 1) Improve and diversify current agroforestry systems. To reduce dependency on coffee, increase the planting and market access opportunities of cacao, banana, avocado, citrus, and zapote grown in a dispersed manner, intercropped with coffee. 2) Establish new agroforestry systems on available fallow (tacotal) land, and consider Quesungual agroforestry system (CIAT 2010) for basic grains land. The Quesungual Slash and Mulch Agroforestry System is based on four key principles: (1) No slash and burn (2) Permanent soil cover (3) Minimal disturbance of soil (4) Efficient use of fertilizers. 1) Most producers are owners of their land and use their land for different purposes, such as coffee, basic grains, tacotales, pasture, and forest. Therefore, there is an opportunity in not only improving the sustainability and productivity of coffee production, but of the other land uses too. 2) Currently, the tacotales do not receive an adequate management to increase productivity and ecosystem services. One viable option for sustainably increasing the benefits of these areas is the adoption of the Quesungual system (CIAT 2010) to grow basic grains in an agroforestry system that is widely recognized in Central America and could potentially be an adequate alternative. Another option is to implement coffee agroforestry systems, which has been of interest to several farmers, although the necessary resources to do so are lacking. 3) To alleviate the risky dependence on solely coffee, fruits such as cacao, avocado, citrus, and zapote, cultivated in a dispersed manner in the coffee plantation and banana and plantain associated with coffee have been identified as potential crops to diversify. Currently these crops are barely commercialized and there is much scope for agronomic improvement. Due to its suitability to the predicted climate change, these crops have a great potential for diversification. Several factors have to be taken into account: Seasonality of the crop, adapted varieties, market (acceptance and potential), plantation density, environmental and agronomic impact of associating with coffee or of monoculture, productivity and quality, management aptitude, required labor, and other factors influencing producers’ livelihoods. The opportunity is given through adequate planning accompanied by research and technology transfer for both the short and long term. The Quesungual Slash and Mulch Agroforestry System is based on four key principles: (1) No slash and burn (2) Permanent soil cover (3) Minimal disturbance of soil (4) Efficient use of fertilizers. 7) Approximately 88% of the families mentioned that they plant trees in order to keep the shade trees young. However, the main shade tree grown is Inga. This increases the risk of homogenizing the shade, incrementing the risk of pests and diseases. Managing a multistrata system, rejuvenating the shade trees and increasing tree species diversity could improve the production system and increase carbon sequestration 8) The producers depend between 65% and 75% on coffee. Furthermore, there is a tendency of out-migration and low generational take over. Considering an adequate management of the system with suitable shade tree species and other uses such as for timber with options for harvesting in 10 to 20 years, could generate additional earnings that could cover some household expenses and help improve the production system.
- The average quantity of compost reported by the famers as applied to the coffee plants is 0.95 kg per coffee plant. CIAT report Furthermore, adequate fertilization based on the knowledge of soil necessities (soil testing on relevant elements, e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium availability for plant) can substantially increase productivity and reduce emissions . This activity has been suggested by various farmers in San Juan del Rio Coco and is therefore a viable improvement strategy.
- The average quantity of compost reported by the famers as applied to the coffee plants is 0.95 kg per coffee plant. CIAT report Furthermore, adequate fertilization based on the knowledge of soil necessities (soil testing on relevant elements, e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium availability for plant) can substantially increase productivity and reduce emissions . This activity has been suggested by various farmers in San Juan del Rio Coco and is therefore a viable improvement strategy.