This project aims to (1) reduce nutrient losses and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture in Puerto Rico, (2) increase farmer flexibility and motivation to provide ecosystem services, and (3) develop additional farm revenue streams. The researchers will assess impacts of alternative management practices, quantify ecosystem service credits, identify areas for cost-effective emissions reductions, and estimate a regional supply curve for credits. Field trials will compare nitrous oxide and nitrate impacts of control and reduced nitrogen application rates on plantain crops.