Grammer: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

Free Online Class taken Live on Jan 30th 2010,[object Object],Introduction to Grammar for GMAT / CAT: Strategy for success (Class 1),[object Object],http://onlineclasses.nanotechbiz.org/,[object Object],By: Satyadhar Joshi,[object Object],shivgan3@yahoo.com,[object Object]

Content of Presentation,[object Object],Introduction to Grammar for GMAT,[object Object],Structure and strategy of the course,[object Object],Basics of Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions and Verbs,[object Object],Common mistakes,[object Object],Pronoun Errors,[object Object],Parallelism,[object Object],References,[object Object],More to read…..,[object Object]

Structure of My Course on Grammar,[object Object],The most comprehensive strategy to get you a top score,[object Object],1/3 questions in GMAT based on grammar*,[object Object],Before going to GMAT grammar lets learn basic grammar and terminologies (Class 1: today). This glossary will help you to understand grammar so that we can jump to specifics in GMAT grammar ,[object Object],Specific GMAT grammar (Class 2),[object Object],Questions Basic Level (Class 3),[object Object],Questions Advanced Level (Class 4),[object Object],(Course targeted from Feb to March),[object Object],Also Applicable for AWA Essays,[object Object]

Scaling with CAT may bring it down closer to pattern of GMAT in 2011,[object Object],In order to ensure appropriate interpretation of an equated raw score, the scores must be placed on a common scale or metric. A linear transformation was used for this scaling process, which is an industry standard practice (Kolen & Brennan, 2004),[object Object],The IIM scaling model is as follows: Section Scores = (Mean of 40 and Standard deviation of 24) 0-150,[object Object],Total Exam Score = (Summation of three section scores) 0-450,[object Object],http://www.catiim.in/dev_scorind_equityprocess.html,[object Object],www.catiim.in/pdf/cat_scores_methodology.pdf,[object Object]

Introduction,[object Object],Areas of class includes: Articles, Preposition, Common mistakes and important rules.,[object Object],Today my aim is to introduce you good enough so that you can take this area on yourself,[object Object],Also I will be talking about the toughest questions, RCs, critical reasoning and fill in the Blanks of Big-book in future,[object Object],Our focus here is on sentence correction,[object Object],Book Reviews: GMAT Verbal Princeton, Manhatten, and Winners guide,[object Object],References are very useful to understand this presentation,[object Object]

Grammar areas in GMAT / CAT,[object Object],Pronoun Errors,[object Object],Misplaced modifiers,[object Object],Parallel Construction,[object Object],Tense,[object Object],Subject Verb Agreement,[object Object],Idiom,[object Object],Applies & Oranges,[object Object],Quantity Words’ ,[object Object],Comparison,[object Object],*Application in sentence correction,[object Object],Page 200-210 of Book: Cracking the GMAT CAT, Princeton Review ,[object Object]

Strategy for Grammar Questions,[object Object],Train yourself with all the skills you need to understand the fundamentals of grammar,[object Object],Never rewrite question in your brain and look for the options matching in the choices,[object Object],Take the hints from the answers and remove the wrong sentences,[object Object],Use power of elimination to remove the choices very carefully,[object Object],When reduced into two choices don’t leave the question at that point, get it done to a 100% (the destination is nearby so don’t give up),[object Object],Page 9-13, Book:Verbal workout for GMAT Princeton,[object Object]

Restate: Five imp points for Sentence Correction,[object Object],Don’t rewrite sentence in mind and look for match, but use power of elimination,[object Object],Learn Grammar to catch grammatical errors,[object Object],Get rid of choices with same error ( keep looking and fine-tuning and improving your scope),[object Object],USE POE (process of elimination),[object Object],If you are down to two choices , find flaw in wrong one,[object Object],Page 17-19, Book: Verbal workout for GMAT by Princeton,[object Object]

Common Mistakes,[object Object],Apostrophe: Omitted when the word becomes a proper noun. Ex. Technical teachers convention. Avoid adding apostrophe to any kind of noun. Ex. Society’s well being vs. well being of society,[object Object],Countable and uncountable,[object Object],A collective noun,[object Object],Conjunction & Verb,[object Object]

Removing the Middleman,[object Object],Remove the unwanted information and cut down sentence is shorter for effective scrutiny of the errors,[object Object],Sometimes picking only one aspect is a good strategy,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyb7zUmaG4U,[object Object],Page 19-20,Book: Manhattan GMAT sentence correction Guide,[object Object]

Physics of Grammar: An attempt to develop energy for learning,[object Object],Grammar can be understood as Physics, where we can break the complex things into simpler laws,[object Object],I have been trying to build some analogy which I will discuss in the future classes in details,[object Object],Constrains of areas that comes under the exam domain,[object Object],Logic always prevails,[object Object],Law of conservation of momentum is like parallelism,[object Object],Law of optics like convergence of focus can be seen as convergence of all ideas at the subject,[object Object],Misplaced modifiers can be seen as free body diagram,[object Object]

Articles ,[object Object],a/an (used before the singular noun which is countable (i.e. of which there is more than one) Ex. I live in a flat, they live in a flat, he bought a flat. Also used with complement ex. He will be a good actor. Also used when ratios are used like Rs 5 a kilo. And in exclamations,[object Object],Omission a/an (i) before plural if a noun ex. Plural of a dog is dogs (ii) before uncountable nouns ,[object Object],Be careful in replacing one with a,[object Object],One is used with the combination of another/other Ex. Onw wanted to read, another/other wanted to watch TV,[object Object],A little(uncountable)/ a few (countable) & little/few,[object Object],The (the definite articles): It is mostly used when the objective is unique. Also used before names,[object Object],The is also called the definite article,[object Object],Book: ChandreshAgrawal, CAT PriyankaPrakshan,[object Object]

From Wiki,[object Object],In grammar, a preposition is a part of speech that introduces a prepositional phrase. For example, in the sentence "The cat sleeps on the sofa", the word "on" is a preposition, introducing the prepositional phrase "on the sofa". In English, the most used prepositions are "of", "to", "in", "for", "with" and "on".,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition,[object Object]

Examples of Prepositions,[object Object],http://www.towson.edu/ows/prepositions.htm,[object Object]

Preposition,[object Object],Omission of to and for before indirect objects: Ex. I gave the book to Priya = I gave Priya the book (we omitted to); I will find a job for Priyavs I will find Priya a job (we can omit for).,[object Object],Position : the people with whom I was traveling (better) vs. the people I was traveling with,[object Object],Use and omission of to with verbs of communications. Ex. Verbs of commands needs to whereas verbs of complain don’t necessarily require to Ex. They advised him to wait vs. Ajay (to her ) complained about the food.,[object Object],Time and date: at, on, be, before, in,[object Object],At a time: at midnight; at an age. On the morning/afternoon/evening/night,[object Object],On time (at the time arranged), in time (not late), in good time (with comfortable margin),[object Object],At the beginning (of) /end (of), in the beginning/end, at first / at last : Ex. At the beginning of the book there is often a table of contents,[object Object],Time: from, since, for, during. From is normally used with toor till/until.,[object Object],Time: to, till/until, after, afterwards. After must be followed by a noun or pronoun,[object Object],Travel and movement: from, to, at, in, by, on. Onto, off, out, out of. Ex We traveled from our starting home to our destination.,[object Object],Book: ChandreshAgrawal, CAT PriyankaPrakshan,[object Object]

More prepositions,[object Object],At, in; in, into ; on, onto,[object Object],Above, over,[object Object],Preposition used with adjectives and participles,[object Object],Verbs and preposition,[object Object],Adverbs and preposition,[object Object]

Apostrophe: The Most Common Mistakes,[object Object],Mixing up it's and its,[object Object],Wrong: The dog wagged it's tail. ,[object Object],Right: The dog wagged its tail. ,[object Object],Wrong: Each program has it's own quirks. ,[object Object],Right: Each program has its own quirks. ,[object Object],Pluralizing words with apostrophes ,[object Object],Wrong: Piano's for Sale! ,[object Object],Right: Pianos for Sale! ,[object Object],Wrong: I design web site's. ,[object Object],Right: I design web sites. ,[object Object],Using improper contractions ,[object Object],Wrong: Your going to be in trouble. ,[object Object],Right: You're going to be in trouble. ,[object Object],Wrong: He let's his son run wild. ,[object Object],Right: He lets his son run wild. ,[object Object],http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/ffjh/thompson/apostro/npractic.htm,[object Object]

Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns,[object Object],http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson37/Lesson37.htm,[object Object],http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/noununcount.htm,[object Object]

Possessives,[object Object], Add an apostrophe and an s to singular nouns to indication possession. According to several current grammar texts, add the apostrophe after the letter s to indicate a plural possessive, unless the dual s sounds are pronounced. It is also standard to use the “apostrophe s” with Biblical names, probably out of tradition more than for reasons of phonology or grammar. ,[object Object],He located the cat’stoy under the chair.,[object Object],The cats’toys were tattered after years of play.,[object Object],The Smiths’ two cats chased the Wilsons’ dog. ,[object Object], Plural possessives can be challenging:,[object Object],The Williamses’s dogs chase cats. (Strunk & White style)The Williamses’ dogs chase cats. (AP Stylebook and MLA version),[object Object], The first version of the last example looks odd to many readers. Strunk and White suggest the apostrophe plus s, AP Style omits the last s. We tend to pronounce the -ez sound instinctively when it helps clarify the quantity of the noun. The last s desired by Strunk and White is seldom vocalized. The second version, without the s, is more common and closer to the spoken version of the sentence. ,[object Object],http://www.tameri.com/edit/gramerrors.html,[object Object]

Introductions to Conjunctions,[object Object],A conjunction is a word which merely joins together sentences, and sometimes words.,[object Object],Until: As long as,[object Object],Until expresses time before, as long as expresses period of time,[object Object], In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated conj or cnj) is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" should be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins. (From Wikipedia),[object Object],http://gmattoughies.blogspot.com/2009/07/conjunctions.html,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction,[object Object]

Some Conjunction,[object Object],Below is a list of subordinating conjunctions used to introduce adverb clauses.TIMEafterasonceevery time (that)beforeas soon asas/so long asthe first time (that)when sincewheneverthe last time (that)while untilby the time (that)the next time (that),[object Object]

Tense: Basic and advanced,[object Object],Present past and future,[object Object],Past prefect, present perfect and future perfect,[object Object],Use present to express habit or routine,[object Object],In adverb clause of time and condition, the present tense is used for future. Ex. If you will be going to Madras, you will meet him vs. If you go to madras, you will meet him,[object Object],In the same sentence, care must be taken that there is no shifting of tense ,[object Object],Historical Present: Asoka is one of the greatest of king,[object Object],The Had tense: When two events of the past are related through time, the earlier of the two events is indicated by had-tense. Ex. When I went to his house, he went to his office vs. When I went to his house, he had gone to his office(correct),[object Object],Page 48-50, Book: Verbal workout for GMAT by Princeton,[object Object]

Subject Verb Agreement,[object Object],It is the most seen subject in the GMAT ,[object Object],The simplicity entangled with the complexity of questions in this area makes it an all time favorite.,[object Object],The number of arrests of drunken drivers are increasing every year: (wrong),[object Object],The number (of arrests of drunken drivers) is increasing every year: (correct),[object Object],Most asked question in Indian Exams,[object Object]

List of Singular Subjects,[object Object],Nouns,[object Object],The Netherlands,[object Object],The family,[object Object],The audience,[object Object],Politics,[object Object],Measles,[object Object],The Number,[object Object],The amount,[object Object],Pronouns:,[object Object],Each,[object Object],Everyone,[object Object],Everyone,[object Object],Nobody,[object Object]

Pronoun: An Introduction,[object Object],A pronoun is a word that stands for a noun, known as the antecedent of the pronoun. The key point for the use of pronouns is this: pronouns must agree with their antecedents in both number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third). ,[object Object],Example:Steve has yet to receive his degree. Here, the pronoun his refers to the noun Steve.,[object Object],Each pronoun must agree with the noun it replaces,[object Object],Each pronoun must refer directly and unambiguously to the noun it replaces,[object Object],It, its, they their,[object Object]

Examples of Pronoun Errors,[object Object],Subject verb agreement ,[object Object]

Modifiers,[object Object],Adjective,[object Object],Preposition,[object Object],Appositives,[object Object],Misplaced modifier is the major questions we are going to get,[object Object],MISPLACED MODIFIERS,[object Object],As a general rule, a modifier should be placed as close as possible to what it modifies. ,[object Object],Example:,[object Object],Following are some useful tips for protecting your person and property from the FBI.,[object Object], As written, the sentence implies that the FBI is a threat to your person and property. To correct the sentence put the modifier from the FBI next to the word it modifies, tips:,[object Object],Following are some useful tips from the FBI for protecting your person and property.,[object Object]

Parallelism ,[object Object],Question type: sentences which aren’t parallel,[object Object],Individual parts must be parallel,[object Object],We cannot compares apples with oranges,[object Object],Page 30-32, Book: Verbal workout for GMAT by Princeton,[object Object],Page 77; Boook:Manhattan GMAT verbal Manual,[object Object]

Example of Parallelism,[object Object]

References & More readings,[object Object],Book: Manhattan GMAT verbal Manual,[object Object],Book: Manhattan GMAT sentence correction Guide,[object Object],Verbal workout for GMAT Princeton,[object Object],Winners guide to GMAT Grammar,[object Object],ChandreshAgrawal, CAT PriyankaPrakshan,[object Object],English Grammer by Wren & Martin,[object Object]

Websites ,[object Object],http://www.scribd.com/doc/17337550/Grammar-Strategies-GMAT,[object Object],http://novapress.net/gmat/gmat-strategies/gmat-grammar-strategies,[object Object],http://outbeat-the-gmat.blogspot.com/2007/03/english-grammar.html,[object Object],http://www.majon.com/testprep/strat-gmatg.html,[object Object],http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/10372/GMAT_Grammar_Notes,[object Object],http://www.bristol.ac.uk/arts/exercises/grammar/grammar_tutorial/page_76.htm,[object Object],http://gmat-grammar.blogspot.com/,[object Object],Etc…,[object Object]

Youtube videos,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/user/ManhattanReview,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/user/MBAPodcaster,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/user/gmaxonline,[object Object],http://www.youtube.com/user/gmatpill,[object Object],Etc…,[object Object]

Grammer: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

Grammer: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

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Grammer: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT