Awa: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

How to Excel AWA, bringing the research simplified to the students of GMAT, GRE & TOEFL,[object Object],By,[object Object],Satyadhar Joshi,[object Object],shivgan3@yahoo.com,[object Object],http://onlineclasses.nanotechbiz.org/,[object Object]

Contents of Plan,[object Object],What is E rater,[object Object],How to optimize you score,[object Object],Research on the structure of e rater,[object Object],Basic errors of grammar derived from GMAT,[object Object],Minimizing errors using critical reading of your own essay,[object Object],Building basic Pre-knowledge,[object Object],Sample Essays,[object Object],Conclusion,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/research/capabilities/automated_scoring,[object Object],www.ets.org/Media/Tests/GRE/pdf/awintro.pdf,[object Object]

Scoring Graph for GRE,[object Object],http://www.powerscore.com/gre/help/scoringscale.cfm,[object Object]

Introduction to E-rater (GRE-GMAT),[object Object],It’s a software developed by ETS,[object Object],It is used to rate Essays,[object Object],Very sophisticated techniques used,[object Object], The E-rater favors transitional words,[object Object],Ordinal numbers that introduce examples or reasons: first, second, third, first of all, etc.,[object Object],Transitional words that relate each sentence to other: since, because, therefore, thus, etc.,[object Object],Mood words that indicate the author's position: fail, ignore, overestimate, underestimate, exaggerate, misrepresent, overlook, etc.,[object Object],Counter-evidence indicators: actually, despite, admittedly, except, even though, nonetheless, nevertheless, although, however, in spite of, do, does, may, might, etc.,[object Object]

Some experts advice that:,[object Object],to use transitional words ,[object Object],to include a topic sentence in every paragraph,[object Object],that the e-rater is very sensitive to spelling and grammatical mistakes (contrary to the real GRE) and ,[object Object],is not sensitive at all to the intuition of your writing and to the organization of your essay (e.g. the e-rater never identified my main point). ,[object Object], Taking all these into consideration I took one more test and guess what.... 6/6 although my ideas where a little bid stupid, my examples where out of place and the e-rater did not identify any main idea in my essays. Just I had to take care to give a LENGTHY and free of mistakes essay. ,[object Object]

Length,[object Object],First note that your essay will be graded by an e-rater, which is software that checks your essay for structural keywords and overall organization. Then it will be graded by a human grader who has about 2 minutes to read each essay.,[object Object],According to Princeton Review "Cracking the GMAT," more length is better to get a high score from the e-rater (software that ). However 800score suggests that going on and on will irritate the human grader. I have read in a number of places that 300-500 words is a good length. ,[object Object]

Criterion (ETS),[object Object],The Criterion® Online Writing Evaluation service provides instructors and students with reliable evaluations of English-language essays.,[object Object],It delivers immediate score reporting and diagnostic feedback that students can use to revise and resubmit their essays. ,[object Object],Instructors can use their own topics or select from the Criterion topic library of more than 400 essay assignments at various skill levels.,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/criterion,[object Object]

Controversial Areas pertaining to Essay,[object Object],Human vs. Machine,[object Object],It does not assess specific content knowledge,[object Object],ETS Essay-Similarity-Detection Software,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/GRE/pdf/awintro.pdf,[object Object]

Essay writing has these basic functions,[object Object],Grammar,[object Object],Content (Examples related to the essay),[object Object],Critical Reasoning,[object Object],Idioms,[object Object],Punctuation,[object Object],Triggering words,[object Object],Arguments and counter arguments,[object Object]

EST further says:,[object Object]

Evaluating Multiple Aspects of Coherence in Student Essays,[object Object],http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/N/N04/N04-1024.pdf,[object Object]

Exploring the Feedback and Revision Features of CriterionYigalAttali ETS, Princeton, NJPaper presented at the National Council on Measurement in Education,[object Object],Summary,[object Object],Relation of length to grade,[object Object],Critique, is comprised of a suite of programs that evaluates and provides feedback for errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, identifies the essay’s discourse structure, and recognizes undesirable stylistic features,[object Object],The writing analysis tools identify five main types of grammar, usage, and mechanics errors – agreement errors, verb formation errors, wrong word use, missing punctuation, and typographical errors.,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/erater_NCME_2004_Attali_B.pdf,[object Object]

Types of error ,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/erater_NCME_2004_Attali_B.pdf,[object Object]

Grammar Errors,[object Object],http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/erater_NCME_2004_Attali_B.pdf,[object Object]

Three main errors in Grammar ,[object Object],Be very careful about fragmented sentences.,[object Object],Possessive errors of vs. ’s,[object Object],Subject Very Agreement ,[object Object],Garbled sentences,[object Object]

Usage Errors in Essay,[object Object]

Devastating errors,[object Object], Below are the ranking of most costly errors which can take your score down:,[object Object],Garbled sentences,[object Object],Repetition of words,[object Object],Missing Apostrophe ,[object Object],Fused Words,[object Object],Capital Nouns,[object Object],Inappropriate use of words or phases,[object Object]

Garbled Words,[object Object],I cdnuoltblveieetaht I cluodaulacltyunesdnatnrdwaht I was rdgnieg>The phaonmnealpweor of the hmuanmnidaoccdrnig to a rscheearch at > CmabrigdeUinervtisy, it deosn'tmattaer in whahtoredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olnyiprmoatnttihng is taht the frist and lsatltteer be in the rghitpclae. The rset can be a taotlmses and you can sitllraed it wouthit a porbelm. ,[object Object]

Framing of Paragraph,[object Object],First and last lines are important,[object Object],Conveying words are important use all of them,[object Object],Idioms are important,[object Object],Paragraphs should have sentences of good length,[object Object],Writing strategy must includes an introductory paragraph, at least a three-paragraph body with each paragraph in the body consisting of a pair of main point and supporting idea elements, and a concluding paragraph. ,[object Object],Missing elements could include supporting ideas for up to the three expected main points or a missing introduction, conclusion, or main point. On the other hand, identification of main points beyond the minimum three would not contribute to the score. ,[object Object]

Awa: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

Using pre-knowledge,[object Object],Examples are important,[object Object],One area of each examples that the E-rater understand,[object Object]

Idioms,[object Object],Lexicon complexity is an important parameter, use as many good words as possible,[object Object],Book: ChandreshAgrawal, CAT PriyankaPrakshan,[object Object]

Punctuations,[object Object], One of the most important area of Essays,[object Object],Comma (series, introduction, clauses, interjections, conjunction),[object Object],Use of comma with transition words,[object Object],Helps in avoided choppy sentences,[object Object],Page 508 of Book: Nova’s GRE,[object Object]

Style ,[object Object],Transition,[object Object],Figurative language ,[object Object],Dictions,[object Object]

Pre-knowledge on USA,[object Object],Areas to Quote examples in Essay can be:,[object Object],American freedom History,[object Object],George Washington ( the first president of USA), current BarackObama,[object Object], Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through the American Civil War, and ended slavery.,[object Object],Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, leader in the African American civil rights movement. Worked for civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.,[object Object]

Scientist,[object Object],Thomas Alva Edison (American; Bulb, camera, etc),[object Object],Sergey M. Brin & Lawrence E. Page(Google),[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton (English),[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan,[object Object],Charles Darwin,[object Object],Big Bang,[object Object]

Artists,[object Object],Michelangelo (Italy),[object Object],Pablo Picasso (France),[object Object],Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) Painter,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rockwell USA,[object Object]

Politics & Wars,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union,[object Object],Benito Mussolini (World War 2),[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa,[object Object],World is Flat: Thomas Friedman,[object Object]

Economics,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression ,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_yuan,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol,[object Object],World Bank and International Monetary Fund,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffett,[object Object]

Sample Essay Content,[object Object], "Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.”,[object Object],PETA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals,[object Object],Kyoto Protocol,[object Object],Global Warming & Carbon Tax,[object Object],http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature WWF,[object Object],Framing/ Grammar/ Punctuations / etc will reduce marks,[object Object]

GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay Topic – 72 (ETS),[object Object],"The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.“,[object Object],All planning will help you,[object Object]

A few of GRE Analytical Writing ISSUES & Essay Topics (source ETS),[object Object],"Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them.”,[object Object],"The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.",[object Object],"It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.“,[object Object],"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.“,[object Object],"The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.“,[object Object],“When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”,[object Object],http://www.testpreppractice.net/GRE/awa-samples/gre-awa-essay-samples.html,[object Object]

More topics,[object Object],It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature.,[object Object],Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.,[object Object],Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.,[object Object],All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems.,[object Object]

Publication Referred ,[object Object],Tetreault, J. & Chodorow, M. (2008). The ups and downs of prepositional error detection in ESL writing (PDF). In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (pp. 865-872). Manchester, UK: COLING 2008 Organizing Committee.,[object Object],Tetreault, J., & Chodorow, M. (2008, August). Native judgments of non-native usage: Experiments in preposition error detection (PDF). In COLING 2008: Proceedings of the workshop on Human Judgements in Computational Linguistics (pp. 24-32). Manchester, UK: COLING 2008 Organizing Committee.,[object Object],Chodorow, M., Tetreault, J., & Han, N-R. (2007). Detection of grammatical errors involving prepositions (PDF). In Proceedings of the Fourth ACL-SIGSEM Workshop on Prepositions (pp. 25-30). Prague, Czech Republic: Association for Computational Linguistics.,[object Object],Higgins, D., & Burstein, J. (2006). Sentence similarity measures for essay coherence (PDF). In Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on computational semantics (IWCS-7), Tilburg, The Netherlands.,[object Object],Burstein, J., & Higgins, D. (2005). Advanced capabilities for evaluating student writing: Detecting off-topic essays without topic-specific training (PDF). In Proceedings of the international conference on artificial intelligence in Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,[object Object],Attali, Y. (2004, April). Exploring the feedback and revision features of Criterion (PDF). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, San Diego, CA.,[object Object]

Publication Referred continued,[object Object],Han, N-R., Chodorow, M., & Leacock, C. (2004). Detecting errors in English article usage with a maximum entropy classifier trained on a large, diverse corpus (PDF). In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Lisbon, Portugal: European Language Resources Association.,[object Object],Higgins, D., Burstein, J., Marcu, D., & Gentile, C. (2004). Evaluating multiple aspects of coherence in student essays (PDF). In S. Dumais, D. Marcu, & S. Roukos (Eds.), HLT-NAACL 2004: Main Proceedings (pp. 185-192). Boston, MA: Association for Computational Linguistics.,[object Object],Burstein, J., Chodorow, M., & Leacock, C. (2003, August). Criterion: Online essay evaluation: An application for automated evaluation of student essays (PDF). Proceedings of the fifteenth annual conference on innovative applications of artificial intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico. (This paper received an AAAI Deployed Application Award.),[object Object],Burstein, J., & Wolska, M. (2003, April). Toward evaluation of writing style: Finding overly repetitive word use in student essays (PDF). In Proceedings of the 10th conference of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Budapest, Hungary.,[object Object],Burstein, J., Marcu, D., Andreyev, S., & Chodorow, M. (2001, July). Towards automatic classification of discourse elements in essays (PDF). In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 98-105). Toulouse, France: Association for Computational Linguistics.,[object Object],Leacock, C., & Chodorow, M. (2001). Automatic assessment of vocabulary usage without negative evidence (TOEFL® Research Rep. No. 67, ETS RR-01-21). Princeton, NJ: ETS.,[object Object]

Books,[object Object],Book: Nova’s GRE,[object Object],Barron’s GRE,[object Object]

Resources on internet,[object Object],http://www.urch.com/forums/gmat-awa/50851-6-0-my-awa-experience.html,[object Object]

Awa: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

Awa: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT

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Awa: Presentation of the online free class GRE GMAT