CLASS X NCERT GEOGRAPHY

1. Manufacturing Industries.
 Production of goods in
large quantities after
processing from raw
materials to more
valuable products is
called manufacturing.
 People employed in the
secondary activities
manufacture the
primary materials into
finished goods.

2. Importance of Manufacturing
 Manufacturing reduces dependence on agriculture by
providing employment in secondary and tertiary
sector.
 Industrial development is a precondition for
eradication of unemployment and poverty.
 It also aims to bring down regional disparities by
establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
 Export of manufactured goods expand trade and
commerce.
 Countries that transform their raw materials into a
wide range furnished goods of higher value are
prosperous.

3. Classification of Industries
1. On the basis of Raw Material Agro
based- Cotton,Jute,Rubber,Sugar,tea
Mineral Based: Iron &Steel,Cement,
Aluminum Machine tools.

4. Types-contd..
2.According to Imp:
Basic/Key Inds- Iron &Steel, Copper
Smelting.
Consumer Inds-Sugar,
Toothpaste,Paper,fans.

5. Types-contd..
3.On the basis of Capital Invested:
Large-scale inds ,medium-scale&small
scale inds.
4.Ownership:
Public sector-BHEL,SAIL
Private sector-TISCO,BAJAJ AUTO

6. Types-contd…
5.Cooperative Sector:Dairy industry,Sugar
industry.
6.Bulk of weight of Raw material:
Heavy inds –Iron&Steel inds.
Light inds-Electrical inds.

7. Distribution of Major Industries
 Agro-Based Inds:
1.Cotton-Textile inds- Bombay, Ahemadabad.
2.Jute Text.inds-Hoogly basin(WB) near Cal
.
3.Sugar inds-
U.P,BIHAR,MAH,KARN,TN,AP,GUJ.

8. Dist-contd….
Mineral Based Inds:
1. Iron &Steel inds-TISCO(PVT.SEC).
Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Visakhapatnam,Rourkela, Bhadravati.
2.Alm.Smelting-Nalco&Balco(Or),WB,KER,UP,CH.GR,
MAH.
3.Fertiliser Inds- Sindri(Bihar), GUJ,TN,UP,PUNJ,KER.
4.Automobile Inds-Delhi,Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune,Chennai,
Kolkata,Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad,Jamshedpur, Bangalore,
5. IT &Electrical Inds-Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi,Hybd,Pune,
Chennai, Kolkata,Lucknow,Coimbatore.

9. Software technological parks

10. Industrial Pollution &Env.Degradation.
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution

11. Control of Environmental Degr.
 Minimise water use by recycling and reusing.
 RWH to meet water needs.
 Treat harmful water and effluents before releasing
them in rivers and ponds.
 Machines and equipment can be used and generally
should be fitted with silencers.
 Conclusion- The challenge of sustainable
development requires integration of economic
development with environment concerns.

12. ASSIGNMENT.
Name any three
physical factors for the
location of the
industries