1. INDIA –WATER RESOURCES
Three-fourth or 71% of the
earth is covered by water.
The fresh water is mainly
obtained from surface runoff
and ground water that is
continuously renewed and
recharged thro hydrological
cycle.
Water is a renewable
resource.
2. Some Facts and Figures
96.5%of total water is estimated to exist in oceans
and 2.5% is fresh water.
India receives nearly 4%of global precipitation and
ranks 133 in world in terms of water available per
person per annum.
The total renewable water resourced of India are
estimated at1897 sq km pa.
By 2025, it is predicted that large parts of India will
join countries/regions having water scarcity.
4. Water Scarcity- Causes
(Quantitative)
Increase in population
Overexploitation
Fall in ground water levels
.
Intensive Industrialization
and Urbanizations and
growth of Multinational
companies.
5. Qualitative Availability
Water is available but there is
scarcity due to
1.Bad quality of water.
2. Polluted water through
domestic and industrial
wastes, chemicals
fertilizers , pesticides in
agriculture.
6. Need for Water Conservation and
Management
By constructing
hydraulic structures like
dams, reservoirs
,embankments, canals
for irrigation.
Multipurpose River
Valley projects.Ex-
BhakraNangal Project.
7. Multipurpose RiverValley Project
They aim at integrated water resource
management.
In recent times MPP have come under great
scrutiny and opposition.
They have been cause of new social
movements like Narmada Bachao Andolan,
Tehri Dam Andolan.
Irrigation has also changed the cropping
pattern of many regions with farmers shifting
to water intensive and commercial crops.
There are inter-state water disputes.
8. Rain Water Harvesting
Rain water harvesting has been
considered a viable alternative
to Multipurpose projects both
socio-economically and
environmentally.
RWH is not a new concept and
has been prevalent since
ancient times. For ex-
Kuls of wn Himalayas, Khadins in
Jaisalmer underground tankas
in Rajasthan.
In Mysore Rooftops are used for
RWH.
9. Some Old Ways of RWH
Khadins in Jaisalmer
Underground tankas in
Rajasthan
10. ASSIGNMENT.
What is water scarcity and what are its main
causes?
Compare the advantages
and disadvantages of multi-purpose river
project.