2. OBJECTIVES
The mechanism of disease production of the HIV
virus
Pathogenesis of HIV infection
Discuss the risk factors associated with HIV
infection
Clinical features of HIV, with regard to its
pathogenesis
HIV emergencies
3. HIV is a retrovirus from the Lentivirus family
>Has an outer double lipid membrane lined by a
matrix protein
>Spherical in shape and 100nm in size
>Consists of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
>The lipid membrane is studded with the surface
glycoprotein gp120 and the transmembrane gp41
protein, these mediate entry of virus into host
cell
WHAT IS HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS?
4.
5. >The core capsid is made up of:
• P24 is the main protein
• Two identical single strands of RNA(the genetic material)
• Viral enzymes:
Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-converts viral single-stranded
RNA into a double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Integrase facilitates integration of the DNA into the host’s
chromosomal DNA.
Protease enzyme splits generated macro-proteins into
smaller viral proteins (core, envelope & regulatory proteins
and enzymes) which go into forming new viral particles
10. What is HIV prevalence?
Prevalence of HIV refers
to the percentage of
people ages 15-49 who
are infected with HIV.
In 2019, HIV prevalence
for Trinidad and Tobago
was 0.7%. HIV prevalence
of Trinidad and Tobago fell
gradually from 0.9 % in
2000 to 0.7 % in 2019.
11. HIV RELATED EMERGENCIES
There are 5 categories of HIV drugs:
•Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
•Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
•Protease inhibitors (PIs)
•Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs)
•Entry inhibitors- including fusion inhibitors (FIs)
