Essay On Vivisection

Essay On Vivisection
Imagine your pet spending an entire life in solidarity confinement where he or she is deprived of food and water, and is electrocuted and force–fed
chemicals from time to time. This is the life of animals in a laboratory. Live–animal experimentation, also known as vivisection, is not only unethical,
but also cruel and unnecessary. In the article "Vivisection is Right, but it is Nasty– and We must be Brave Enough to Admit This", Michael Hanlon
claims vivisection is a moral necessity that without the use of animals in the laboratory, humans would not have modern medicine like antibiotics,
analgesic, and cancer drugs (1). For example, Hanlon believes by sewing kittens' eyelids together can aid researchers to study the effects of amblyopia
in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Animal experiments are not a moral necessity to allow human to discover cures for disease, like cancer or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS
). In fact, the genetic composition of animals is completely different from human, and there might be catastrophic results if a medication is given to a
human being, even if the medication is tested safe in animals. In other words, animals exhibit a different genetic and physiology than human beings and
when drugs, like HIV vaccines, are tested on animals the effect of the medication may translate differently in the human body. For instance, Hanlon
gives an example of animal experimentation in which the Cardiff University done by sewing thirty–one kittens' eyelids shut to study the effects of
lazy–eye in children (1). However, the British Union of the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) argues against Hanlon's claim that "cat brains and cat
vision are fundamentally different to human and it is hard to see how anything useful can be gained by the research" (Hanlon 1), and experiments like
sewing kittens' eyelids together to study amblyopia have been done many years ago, and yet no cure has been found (Hanlon 1). Hanlon claim that
many surgical procedures would be impossible without operating on animals in the laboratory, and fears that without animal experimentation, people
would be used as guinea pigs instead (2). By focusing on surgical procedures done on animals, Hanlon overlooks the deeper
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Are Animal Experiments For Cosmetic Research Necessary And...
Are animal experiments for cosmetic research necessary and can they be justified?
Abstract:
This report investigates animal is cosmetic testing. The introduction outlines the focus of this report, the history of animal testing and presenting
relevant case studies to illustrate the issue. The discussion provides in depth information about animal testing by presenting two sides of the story. The
conclusion will highlight the main points learned to help decide if animal experiments are, indeed, necessary.
Methodology:
Searching online became useful for secondary sources. Websites such as BUAV (British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection), which offered a useful
timeline, like the Cruelty Free International campaign and how these actions contributed to stopping animal testing in the EU. Cruelty Free
International is supported by a number of celebrities including Ricky Gervais and Sir Paul McCartney. PeTA (People for the Ethical Treatment of
Animals) provided information about the types and alternatives of testing. The website also listed alternatives to animal testing, such as the Human
skin models, which are considered in this report.
News articles by the BBC were very helpful when considering the pros and cons of animal testing. A blog by "The Beauty Brains" provided a
scientist's opinion. Social networks e.g. Facebook and YouTube offered access to video campaigns and the public's opinions.
Primary sources were used to experience face–to–face research, asking

Animal Testing Research Paper
Animal Experimentation:
The Painful Truth
Pain, terror, anxiety, forlornness. Abruptly, this is what more than 100 million animals feel right now. Animals were not born to test shampoos, eye
shadow, purposely to be given tumors, cancer, and absolutely not to be cut open and die a cruel, violent, agonizing death. What was just read is what
is happening not just in the US or North America, but all over the world. Animal experimentation needs to be abolished for most test fail in humans, the
test are inhumane, and there are other options. There is no reason for animal testing when 92 percent of the tests fail in humans. Such as, Richard
Klausen, former National Cancer Institute Director, states "We have cured mice of cancer for decades– and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As evidence, forward – thinking scientists have developed options such as "Human, modern, and effective non–animal research methods, including
cheaper, faster, and more accurate than animal testing"(PETA 1). If groups scientists have developed new approaches that don't involve animals, then
why are other scientists still testing animals? Because the scientists currently doing animal experimentation want to think that they have the right
methods and procedure, but that all the other scientists are wrong. Abviously that isn't the case. In fact, more of the world's forward – thinking
scientists have developed methods for studying diseases that replace animals and are relevant to human health, such as "Sophisticated tests using
human cells and tissues, advanced computer – modeling techniques, and studies with human volunteers"(PETA 1). When experts have found modern
designs that don't involve animals, then scientists need to take advantage of that. It would be less of a hassle to deal with animals, as it would to figure
out operations on computers. Scientists say using animals for experiments is crucial because they must test their theories, medicines, and treatments
without putting humans lives at risk. Meanwhile, several Institutions now use training methods based on human anatomy such as "Virtual reality
simulations that allow students to practice

I think that animal testing is a cruel and inhuman thing...
I think that animal testing is a cruel and inhuman thing to do especially if you are hurting the animal on purpose. Even though animals don't have
rights you should still not abuse them by burning them, pulling their eyes out, or just beating them. Did you know that over hundred million animals
are abused in U.S. labs every year? Imagine if you were in the animals place how would you feel, would you try to do something about it?
Animals are used to test on for things like medical studies, cosmetic testing, and behavioral studies. Animal testing first started in early Greek in the
2nd and 4th centuries BCE.
Some famous researchers from the early ages who tested on animals are people like Abenzoar, an arab physician and Moorish Spain who ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
And only about 36 percent that are in pain are given anesthesia to help relieve the the pain, so that means that the other 64 percent of animals are
are in pain. I think that rules for animal testing should be strict so that not every year 100 million animals are in pain, suffering, or slowly dying
because of us humans. There are many different things we can use instead of testing on animals and killing them like for example we can use human
cells or we can use dead humans but the person being researched on has to know and be okay with it just like a donor. Most of the test that are tested
on are for cosmetic testing, toxicology testing, drug testing, biomedical research, and also for educational reasons. And most the animals that get tested
on usually the drugs work on them but end up not working on humans, another reason why animal testing is bad. Rabbits get tested on for contact
lenses and after researchers have put the lenses in the rabbits the take lenses out and take the rabbit's eye out.
Humans have rights and animals are pretty similar to humans so why shouldn't animals have rights. Animal testing laws should be more strict so not
a lot of animals end up dying. Animals are an important part of this world, and if we don't take good care of them and keep on killing them, then
what are researchers going to do. Just like if you take out an animal out of a food chain then the whole entire food chain gets affected, if we take out
animals

Persuasive Essay On Animal Testing
Imagine participating in a test in which one's eyelids are held open for numerous days and shampoo is dropped into the eyes. One also might be
tested to observe when 50% of participants die based on dosage. This common method of testing is called lethal dose 50 and is used to rate the
toxicity of a substance. These tests and numerous others are conducted on animals every day in laboratories across the world. Animal testing began in
ancient times and was conducted by Greek and Roman scientists. Arabian doctors in the twelfth century tested surgical procedures on animals before
conducting them on human patients. More recently though a law was passed in 1938 that required companies to test substances (food, drugs, and
cosmetics) on animals before releasing them. Several toxic drugs had been sold without being tested causing the deaths of more than one hundred
people. The law was thought to be benefiting mankind, but it led to the deaths of many innocent animals. In recent light a law was ratified that
monitors the care of animals and protects some animals (dogs, cats, nonhuman primates–such as chimpanzees and monkeys–guinea pigs, hamsters,
rabbits, and other warm–blooded animals), yet many animals are not protected by the law. Rats and mice have limited protection, even though they
make up 90–95% of animals tested. Animal testing goes against all rules of humanity, goodwill and should be stopped. In the 1100s there were no
alternative methods, yet now human skin cells can be

Animal Testing: The Ethical Use Of Cosmetics
In a study conducted by StumbleUpon of women ages 18 to 25, 67% said they use between one and three products in their morning hair and beauty
routine. 20% claimed they use four to seven, and 13% said more than eight to twelve (Style Ite). Yet most of them don't know that, for them to look so
classy, there are over 100 million animals harmed in the process. Mascara, eye shadow, lip gloss–all of these may be tested on mice, rabbits, cats, dogs,
guinea pigs, and many others. Substances we use every day, like cleaning products and pesticides, may also be tested on animals. Every year, millions
of animals are maimed, blinded, poisoned, scalded, force–fed chemicals, genetically manipulated or ultimately killed by cosmetics companies. This is
the ugly truth about animal testing. However, not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While animal rights is a sensitive topic for many, most can agree that testing cosmetics on animals is inessential and unethical. Animal testing is a small
but vital element of biomedical research and is ultimately unnecessary in relations to cosmetics. There is also a wide range of non–animal research
techniques that, as well as being humane approaches to science, can be cheaper, quicker, and more effective. These alternatives prevent animals from
suffering, and are more practical in general. Despite the controversy surrounding the subject and the many laws dictating safe guidelines for it,
testing cosmetics on animals is wrong, and is a practice that should be abolished. Such groups as PETA, BUAV, and AALAS speak against
companies that have tested cosmetics on animals for many years. Those groups oppose animal experimentation because of the raw cruelty of it and
spread the word so every woman understands just which animal lives were sacrificed for the Foundation she's smearing on her face every day. After
all, there is nothing classy about watching a rabbit's eyes

Animal Testing Research Paper
ANIMAL TESTING INTRODUCTION Animals have been used in scientific experiments for a long time to be able to understand and define how
human body works and to cure certain diseases. However, most of the people are in disagreement to use animals in scientific experiments. They
suggest using humans as test subjects with the drug trials. The first reason why humans should be used for drugs trials is that animals are living
creatures that have rights to reject although they cannot speak in the human language. Moreover, they suffer and there are even people who try to
animate their feelings by crying and trying to be like animals. Since people choose to and to be volunteered to be experimented on, it is not ethical to
use animals instead. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LITERATURE REVIEW In today's world, people always try to have the best, and this makes safety an important issue. Both medical and non–medical
products need to be approved in terms of safety before it is put on the market (Galson, 2005). That's why products such as cosmetics and drugs need
to be tested on animals. However, researchers showed that there are many physiological differences between animals and human beings ("The
Pharmaceutical Racket," n.d.). For example, sweet almond which is healthy for human beings is deadly for foxes, and drugs which have the label of
safety such as Pronap & Plaxin, which is a tranquilizer, killed many babies ("The Pharmaceutical Racket," n.d.). Due to these false results, it is being
questioned that what the drawbacks of using animal on scientific experiments are. Vivisection can be called as the process where animals are tortured
in the labs for the good of humankind ("Question Vivisection," n.d.). Is it not ridiculous that humans who are fighting for freedom keep holding
animals in the cages? According to NEAVS, which is the acronym for New England Anti
–Vivisection Society, over 25 millions of animals are used in
biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education every year in the United States of America ("Harm and Suffering,"
n.d.). For the sake of research and testing, animals are exposed to some experiments such as

CosmeticsвЂ™ Green Marketing as the Best Marketing Approach...
MARKETING MANAGEMENT Final Paper Cosmetics' Green Marketing as the Best Marketing Approach in 20th Century
Written by : KATHARINA DWIARNIE 1157024 International Class BATCH 57 Magister Management Gadjah Mada University 2011
Abstract
Environmental issues influence all human activities and even more influent the business, especially true in marketing. As society becomes more
concerned with the natural environment, businesses have begun to modify their behavior in an attempt to address society 's new concerns, which is
the global warming. Some businesses have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimization, and have
integrated environmental issues into all organizational activities. We also... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reflecting back of heat energy by the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect".
Fig. 1: Cause for global warming: Carbon dioxide emissions in million tons per year over the last 200 years. (graph taken from http:/
/www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Carbon_Emission_by_Type_png)
Global Warming as a Business Risk
Global warming has negative effects on industries. This means that this phenomenon should be considered as forming part of the social and
environmental risks that business firms needs to consider in developing their business strategies. If not, businesses would find themselves unprepared
for the possible effects of global warming on their operations, profitability and even viability. In the case of the tourism industry, tourism businesses
would not be prepared to address the actualization of problems caused by global warming if these firms do not understand the impact of this
phenomenon and include preventive plans and alternative solutions in case these effects are actualized. This is to ensure the viability of tourism
businesses or if not the shift in business strategy of these firms to adjust to the market and industry changes brought about by the manifestations of
global warming. Risk is "the probability that a particular adverse event occurs during a stated period of time, or results from a particular challenge"
(1995, ). This could also

Animal Testing Satire
When was the last time you bought makeup? Or even more specifically when was the last time you bought makeup that was tested on animals? Each
year in Australia alone, over 100 million animals will die from exposure to commercial animal testing or in simpler terms, animal cruelty that is
commonly disregarded as it is just ''science''. However, product testing on animal is extremely unethical and is pure cruelty. Here is why we need to
stop this mistreatment immediately.
To start, the results of animal testing cannot be accurately assumed safe for human use. In 1960 an organisation known as Animal Friends Croatia
created a drug called Thalidomide which eased morning sickness for pregnant women. Before being sold to the public, it was tested on multiple
different types of species and was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The animals that are subject to testing will spend majority of their short lives in small enclosed barren cages with about 3 or 4 other animals
(depending on their species). Through out the long days of these lonesome animals, they will wait in their cages feeling lonely, trapped and left hungry
while they wait for the next terrifying and painful procedure of testing to be done on them. Due to their exclusion from the outside environment and the
mistreatment done to them, some animals begin to display symptoms and actions of neurotic behaviour. Some of this behaviour may include, biting
themselves, pulling their own fur out, spinning around in circles and intensive rocking back and forth. This is a disgusting way for such gentle
creatures to be spending their lives just to benefit humans. According to PETA (People for the ethical treatment of animals) stated that ''a spine
shivering 70% of animals won't die due to the tests begin conducted on them but will die of loneliness or the poor treatment they are exposed to

Is Animal Testing Justified?
Introduction
Whether animal experimentation is justified or not has been undecided for many decades. Many years back, the debate was carried out by animal
rights groups which were led by the Cambridge University to get rid of its plan for a primate research in 2004. Since this debate, many supporters
have become more confident in speaking out what they believe and getting their points across to people.
In this written report, I will be including both sides of the argument which enable me to form my opinion as well as conclusion.
Do you believe that animal testing is justified? Or do you believe its not? Well you will find out what I believe at the end of this report.
What is animal experimentation?
Animal testing is the use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, sometimes, in some cases, it is possible to develop a new way of conducting a test involving few animals. They are as following:
– Replace which means that the uses of animals are substituted with alternative techniques or avoid the use of animal's altogether.
– Reduce which is the number of animals which are used in the research are minimum and are used to obtain information from as few animals as
possible or to find more information the same number of animals are used. So, non–animal alternatives should be used whenever possible.
– Refine which is the way experiments are carried out to ensure that animals suffer as little as possible. This also includes better housing and
improvements to procedures which minimise pain and suffering and/or improve the welfare of the animals. So this means that the animals are looked
after properly and any pain and distress is minimised.[3]
Alternatives to animal experimentation
Today, there are many non–animal methods which have replaced animal experimentation and have been accepted by some countries as replacements

for an existing animal test. Generally, non–animal tests are faster and less expensive than animal tests because they can

What is Corporate Social Responsibility?
WHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?
Corporate Social Responsibility has been evidently growing with Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization. As said by William Jr. Ford,
Chairman, Ford Motor Co. "A good company delivers excellent products and services, and a great company does all that and strives to make the
world a better place", therefore booking profits for yourself in such a manner that is socially, environmentally and ethically acceptable thereby leading
to an overall positive impact on society.
10 CSR PRACTICES TO BE FOLLOWED BY FMCG SECTOR
CSR IN INDIA
The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not new in India. It emerged from the 'Vedic period" when history was not recorded in India.
In that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Few of the practices that Fast Moving Cosumer Goods should bring into operation has been categorized in following ways that could be fruitful for
the overall development of society. * UPLIFTMENT OF THE LOWER SECTION OF SOCIETY
The major areas that has to be concentrated for the upliftment of society is by eradicating poverty and hunger and by promoting school education in
rural areas. We have various programs such as SUNDESH of DABUR'S that focus on ensuring overall socio–economic development of the rural
& urban poor on a sustainable basis, through different participatory and need–based initiatives. It aims to reach out to the weaker and more
vulnerable sections –– such as women and children, illiterate and unemployed – of the society. Also we have TCCI( Tata Council for Community
Iniatives) working in collaboration with United Nations Programme India has crafted Tata Index for Sustainable Human Development, a pioneering
effort aiming at directing, managing and enhancing the community work. Also we have ITC working with the concept of Triple Bottom line that
would lead to social, economy, environment and social development. Major key focus area of the company is on raising agricultural areas for
maintaining the productivity and helping the

Marketing Communications Proposal for Bulldog Natural...
Marketing Communications Proposal for Bulldog Natural Grooming
1) INTRODUCTION
The UK men's skincare industry was a ВЈ57 million a year industry in 2008 and is highly competitive. It is still a miniature market when compared to
the women's skincare revenue which was 10 times higher in the same time. (http://www.mintel.com/press–centre/press–releases/237
/mens–skincare–market–just–doesnt–scrub–up).
It is under these circumstances that Bulldog was established by Simon Duffy and Rhodri Ferrier. Bulldog is a natural–skincare brand specially
formulated for men. They have aimed at differentiating their product by the organic nature of the products where most of the competitor's products
included synthetic ingredients and by refraining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is very important as situational analysis creates the foundation for the company to decide courses of action to be implemented.
PEST
It consists of an analysis of the wider environment which helps us in identifying the trends in the market along with potential changes that can be
expected in the market in near future. It analyses the political climate in order to identify policies and changes to governance implemented by the
governments in the future which may act as barriers to the marketing communication activities or may create favourable effects on the marcomms. Ex:
Changes to legislations especially on policies on usage of internet which will affect the browsing experience.
The analysis of economic environment is helpful in analysing the risk to business especially due to marcomms being a high investment and can signal
the company whether undertaking significant marcom activities is beneficial taking into consideration the situation of the economy. Ex: Increasing of
taxes on services results in high advertising expenditure.
The social environmental analysis is the most important element here as it gives an idea of the current trends in consumer

Animal Testing and Researching Essay
Animal Testing and Researching
Animal testing is supported by some, but opposed to others. The growing number of animals used in research differs among the different countries. The
fruit fly and nematode are the most used animal in testing. However, the most common mammals used in animal research are mice and rats. Shaved
albino rabbits and guinea pigs suffer severe testing for skin irritancy and eye irritancy. Though the usage of non–human primates are outlawed in some
countries, the U.S. still finds the need to use them. The U.S. government uses tax dollars for testing pesticides and flourine products on animals.
Animal testing has been a subject of controversy throughout the years. Though it may seem like a ?cruel and unusual ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These small rodents are easy to handle and raise, thus used in large proportions. Mice and rats can be tested for various results. Since mice share
ninety–nine percent of their genes with humans, believe it or not, they are considered the ?prime model of inherited human disease?. In addition to
genetics, rats and mice are used to understand how different organisms interact with each other in the same environment. (Wikipedia) They are used for
the study of human cancers and testing of new treatments because of its immunodeficiency status, allowing human tumors to be grafted on without
rejection. (UCCA) Some rats are even used for studies of brain function, commonly memory and social behavior. The safety of drugs, vaccines,
chemicals, and products are also tested on mice. (Wikipedia)
Though rats may seem like the most popular lab animal, the most animals used in testing are actually invertebrates, especially the fruit fly, Drosophila
melanogaster, and the nematode, Caeharbabditis elegans. These, like rats, are very cost efficient and can be studied in a large number. Their short life
cycle also makes it convenient for genetic studies. Many invertebrate species are not protected under animal research legislation, so the number of
invertebrates used in research is unknown. (Wikipedia)
Shaved albino rabbits and guinea pigs are generally used for skin irritancy testing. Though test tests

Argumentative Essay On Animal Rights
2015
Animal rights
Introduction
In ancient years, philosophers had a lot to say about how humans treat animals. However, experts in social sciences have taken part in issues concerning
humans and other animals. Every year, thousands of animals are in a tormented, and then died during the animal experiments. Another fact is from
Vivisection Information Network, there is a rough estimate from the European Union that 10.5 million vertebrate animals were used in animal
experiments, which is 28,800 per day or one every three seconds. Around 18.5 million animals were used in the USA per year (Updated, 2013). And
also the evidence in the emerging field of Human–Animal study, (HAS), shows that animal protection is not taken seriously. A review of Marxist
realism, feminism, ecofeminism, social constructionist theorists and approaches that shows the human–animal study is highly concerned. Animal
protection movement involves animal welfare, animal liberation, and animal rights. Our focus on this argument will be on animal rights. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is incorrect because animals have feelings, and some have a measure of speech. In addition, some take care of their young ones and protect each
other. This proves that similar to humans animals also have feelings, desires and emotions, and, therefore, deserve to have rights. According to Rene
Descartes, every being that has a mind deserves to be treated fairly because it shows that the animal has the ability to think rationally. Charles Darwin,
who came up with the theory of existence through evolution, came up with a hypothesis that shows a correlation between humans and nonhuman
beings. In his hypothesis, he concluded that animals have emotions and feelings that have evolved the same way as humans' emotions (Francione &
Garner,

The Negative Effects Of Ending Animal Cruelty
Ending Animal Cruelty In today's society makeup is becoming more and more popular. Makeup brands are constantly coming out with new products
made of different ingredients that they think will pull people in. Where do these ingredients come from? How do they know they're safe for people?
Makeup brands are using innocent animals to make sure that these products aren't going to be harmful to people. But of course they don't know if they
are harmful before they test them on animals. Many high end makeup brands test on animals without anyone even knowing. Lush cosmetics does not
test on animals, this ad is part of the campaign they have to get people involved in trying to end or replace animal testing. In my first ad Lush uses
a cute little bunny to get to appeal to the viewers pathos. Seeing a small animal with makeup that is harmful to it isn't going to make people want to
buy a brand's products. That is the message Lush is trying to get across by this ad. If the makeup is harmful to animals it would be harmful to you.
Not to mention these animals don't deserve this at all. The people testing these products on these animals don't know the effect it will have on them,
hence the reason why it is a test. The pathos in this ad is going to make you think twice about buying makeup brands that test on animals. The second
ad is a commercial starring Angie Hill. In the commercial Hill is using makeup on her face, perfume on her neck and also showing the effects of it. As
she is

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