MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
5th Year Neurology Lectures Overview
1. 5 th year neurology lectures: Around 30 Lectures: 1. Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani: 8. 2. Dr. Mohammad Tahir: 7. 3. Dr. Rasul M.Hasan: 7. 4. Dr. Akram Mahdawi: 7.
2.
3. 5 th year neurology lectures: Introduction: ANATOMY / PHYSIOLOGY: Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani. Assistant professor. M. B. Ch. B/ C.A.B.M
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Neurotransmission / neurotransmitters. (1) An action potential arriving at the nerve terminal depolarises the membrane & opens voltage-gated calcium channels. (2) Entry of calcium causes the fusion of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters with the pre-synaptic membrane & release of the neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft. (3) The neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane to either (A) open ligand-gated ion channels which, by allowing ion entry, depolarise the membrane& initiate an action potential (4), or (B) bind to metabotrophic receptors, which activate an effector enzyme (e.g. adenylyl cyclase)& thus via the intracellular second messenger system modulate gene transcription, leading to changes in synthesis of ion channels or modulating enzymes. (5) Neurotransmitters are taken up at the pre-synaptic membrane &/or metabolised.