1. Two overlapping tectonic plates in the Indian Ocean became stuck, accumulating seismic energy. 2. The plates ruptured, releasing this energy and causing a massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake. 3. This triggered a tsunami with waves as high as 50 feet that spread out from the epicenter. 4. Over a dozen countries were affected as the tsunami waves caused massive damage and over 250,000 deaths, making it one of the deadliest tsunamis in history.

1. One of the Deathiest TSUNAMI

2. Unexpected Appearance There have not been many tsunamis in Indian Ocean. The tsunami happened in the morning of Christmas weekend.

3. How? It was caused by sliding of two tectonic plates, India plate and Burma plate. A sub ducting plate and overriding plate overlapping causes the overriding plate to forced to move down into the mantle. However, friction prevents it from doing so. Therefore, they become “stuck.” Even though they are “stuck,” overriding plate slowly descend down into mantle. This causes the overriding plate to bend more and more, or accumulate more and more seismic energy.

4. How? (continued) 3. The overriding plate breaks and rise back to its original position. This causes water on top to create waves by releasing the seismic energy. 4. The waves starts to move away from the epicenter, becoming massive waves, as they move toward land.

5. 2. Accumulating seismic energy 1. Two overlapping tectonic plates become “stuck” 3. Stuck area ruptures releasing seismic energy 4. Tsunami waves spread

6. Why do waves become more powerful as they move toward land? A tsunami may be less than a foot (30 centimeters) in height on the surface of the open ocean, which is why they are not noticed by sailors. But the powerful pulse of energy travels rapidly through the ocean at hundreds of miles per hour. Once a tsunami reaches shallow water near the coast it is slowed down. The top of the wave moves faster than the bottom, causing the sea to rise dramatically.

7. Magnitude It was a magnitude 9.3 earthquake. It is the largest tsunami since the 1964 tsunami in Alaska. Equivalent to 100 gigaton bombs, or 23,000 Hiroshima-typed atomic bombs.

8. Magnitude (Continued) It was the longest earthquake ever recorded. It traveled as far as 3,000 miles, or almost 5,000 kilometers. It was as high as 50 feet, or approximately 15 meters.

9. Indonesia Sri Lanka India Thailand Somalia Maldives Malaysia Myanmar Tanzania Seychelles Bangladesh Kenya Countries Affected by the Tsunami

10. Aftermath Many people were missing. Houses were damaged or demolished. Thousands of corpses rotted. No food or clean water. Sickness.

11. Casualties Death : 169,752 Missing : 127,294 It was second worst tsunami recorded in history.

12. The End

13. Presented by:- Manisha Keim VIII C 11