Port and Harbor Engineering

1. Port and Harbor
Engineering

2. • Port and harbor engineers handle the design,
construction, and operation of ports, harbors,
canals, and other maritime facilities. This is not
to be confused with marine engineering.
Capri harbor, Italy seen from Anacapri

3. • A harbor or harbour or haven, is a body of water where
ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy
weather, or else are stored for future use.
• Harbors can be natural or artificial. An artificial harbor has
deliberately constructed breakwaters, sea walls, or jettys,
or otherwise, they could have been constructed by
dredging, and these require maintenance by further
periodic dredging. An example of the artificial harbor is
Long Beach Harbor, California, which was an array of salt
marshes and tidal flats too shallow for modern merchant
ships before it was first dredged in the early 20th century.
• Harbors and ports are often confused with each other. A
port is a facility for loading and unloading vessels; ports
are usually located in harbors.

4. Manila North Harbor
• Manila North Harbor (seaport code:MNN), occupying a 53-
hectare area in Tondo, Manila and operated by the Manila
North Harbour Port Incorporated, has 7 piers namely Pier 2, 4,
6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. North Harbor is accessible by road through
Radial Road 10. Modernization of the port facility involves the
acquisition of heavy equipment, dredging operations,
information technology, container terminal expansion and a
recently completed North Port Passenger Terminal that can
accommodate more passengers, boost tourism in the country,
and replace the old terminal.

5. Statistics
Year Cargo Tonnage Container Volume Passengers
2010 17,207,751 16,146,329 821,983
2011 17,806,136 18,442,473 728,662
2012 19,402,011 19,174,424 766,942

6. Manila South Harbor
• Manila South Harbor (seaport code:MNS), an 80-
hectare port facilty located in Port Area, Manila and
operated by Asian Terminals Incorporated, has 5 piers
namely Pier 3, 5, 9, 13 and 15. It is accessible by road
through Bonifacio Drive has a passenger terminal
located between Pier 13 and 15 namely Eva Macapagal
Super Terminal. It also houses as the main hub of 2GO
ferry company. As of April 29, 2014, The management
has installed a new Liebherr quay crane to increase the
efficiency of Manila South Harbor.

7. Statistics
Year Cargo Tonnage Container Volume Passengers
2010 40,816,716 12,958,525 1,004,780
2011 44,067,826 12,612,780 816,839
2012 40,317,702 11,130,626 161,500

8. Manila International Container Terminal
• Manila International Container Terminal (seaport code:MNL) is
operated by International Container Terminal Services Inc. It is
one of Asia's major seaports and one of the Philippines' most
active ports. It is located between the Manila North Harbor and
the Manila South Harbor and can be accessed by road through
MICT South Access Road. In 2011, Manila International
Container Terminal ranked 38th place in the List of world's
busiest container ports with container traffic(TEU) of 3,260,000.
Inaugurated on July 7, 2012, Berth 6 became fully operational
and increases the Port's annual capacity by 450,000 TEU's.

9. Statistics
Year Number of Vessel Cargo Tonnage Container Volume
2010 1,942 32,225,795 18,266,554
2011 1,941 34,377,129 18,689,936
2012 1,862 34,345,059 19,966,465

10. List of Ports in the
Philippines

11. Ports
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing
one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer
people or cargo to or from land. Port locations are
selected to optimize access to land and navigable water,
for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind and
waves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but can
handle larger, more economical ships.

12. • The following is a list of major ports in the Philippines organized
by water mass. This list consists primarily of shipping ports, but
also includes some that are primarily or significantly devoted to
other purposes: cruises, fishing, local delivery, and marinas.
The Port of Manila
The Port of Manila (Filipino: Pantalan ng Maynila) refers to
the collective facilities and terminals that processes maritime
trade function in harbours that serves the Metro Manila Area . It
is located in the Port Area and Tondo area of Manila, Philippines
facing the Manila Bay. It is the largest and the premier
international shipping gateway to the country. The Philippine
Ports Authority, a government-owned corporation, manages the
Port of Manila and most of the public ports in the country. It is
composed of 3 major facilities namely Manila North Harbor,
Manila South Harbor and the Manila International Container
Terminal.

13. History
• The Port of Manila and the area dates back to Spanish
and pre-Spanish rule of the Philippine Islands. It is
recorded that Manila and the Philippines had trade
relations with most neighboring countries at least as
far back as the 9th to 12th centuries. Major trading
partners included China and Japan, with ties to India
through the areas that are now Malaysia and
Indonesia. The Spanish-controlled Port of Manila
handled trade primarily with China and other East
Asian countries, with Mexico, with Arab countries, and
directly with Spain from the 16th to mid-19th century
CE when the port was opened to all trade ships.
Manila Bay was the setting for the Battle of Manila Bay
in 1898 between United States and Spanish forces, and
the siege of Corregidor Island by invading Japanese
forces in 1942.

14. Location
• The bay entrance is 19 kilometres (12 mi) wide and expands to a
width of 48 kilometres (30 mi). Mariveles, in the province of Bataan,
is an anchorage just inside the northern entrance, and Sangley Point
is the former location of Cavite Naval Base. On either side of the bay
are volcanic peaks topped with tropical foliage. 40 kilometres (25 mi)
to the north is the Bataan Peninsula and to the south is the province
of Cavite.
The skyline of Manila as seen from the top of a ship docked at
the Manila North Harbor.

15. The Batangas International Port
The Batangas International Port or locally known as the
Batangas Pier, is a seaport in Batangas City primarily serving the
CALABARZON region of the Philippines. It was declared as a
national port in 1956. It serves as an alternate port to the Port of
Manila. In the 90's it was the second biggest port in the
Philippines in terms of revenue, just behind the Port of
Manila.The District of Batangas, comprising the province of
Quezon, Aurora, Polilio Islands, Batangas, Marinduque, Oriental
and Occidental Mindoro, Palawan, the Lubang and Cuyo Islands,
Calamian Group, and all other islands within the jurisdition of the
said provinces, in which Batangas City, shall be the principal port
of entry. Its subport of entry are Puerto Princesa, Palawan and
Siain (Plaridel), Quezon and Aurora.

16. Port of Batangas, the Philippines' largest oil port and a major
ro-ro terminal.

17. Port of Matnog, the busiest passenger ferry terminal on
the AH-26.

18. Port of Cebu, the busiest seaport in the Philippines in
terms of annual passengers.

19. The Port of Cagayan de Oro
• Port of Cagayan de Oro in Macabalan area is located near the
estuary of Cagayan de Oro River. It has an anchorage depth of
18 meters and is around 400 meters from the shoreline. It has
two authorized cargo-handling operators. With the recent
completion of the P250 million rehabilitation project, the port is
now the biggest international and domestic seaport in
Mindanao.
• The Port of Cagayan de Oro (Macabalan Port) serves regular
cities trips to and from Metro Manila, Cebu City, Tagbilaran,
Bacolod, Dumaguete, Iloilo City and Jagna, Bohol.

20. Port of Cagayan de Oro.

21. The Port of Davao
The Port of Davao , or Davao Port (Filipino:
Daungan ng Dabaw, Cebuano: Pantalan sa Dabaw), is a
seaport located at Davao, Mindanao island in the
Philippines. The Port of Davao consists of a number of
ports, all within the Davao Gulf which is part of the
Celebes Sea, but its main office and seaport is located at
Brgy. Sasa, Davao City. The Port of Davao is largely
dominated by container cargo, raw materials
exportation, bulk cargo, general cargo and passenger
traffic facilities.

22. Port of Davao, Mindanao's main gateway.

23. Davao Port, or the Port of Davao, is one of the Philippines
major seaports alongside Manila, Subic, Cebu, Zamboanga and
others. The Port of Davao, often called Port District of Davao,
includes Davao City and the three provinces. Davao port services
interisland and international shipments. The city is situated 974
kilometers south of Manila, on the shore of Davao Gulf. "Davao"
also refers to three provinces: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur,
and Davao Oriental. Davao City is located in Davao del Sur but is
politically and administratively independent of the province. The
access to the port of entry in Davao City is through Davao Gulf
which has two approaches. One is at Pakiputan Strait between
Davao and the water west of Samal Island. The other approach is
at the east side of Samal Island mainly used as an exit channel of
vessels departing from points north of Davao Gulf. Access to the
subport of entry in Mati, Davao Oriental is through Pujada Bay.
The Davao Gulf is situated on the south coast of Mindanao, the
second largest island in the Philippines.

24. • The port itself is the most important in Mindanao island and also has
the most busiest international container port in both Visayas and
Mindanao. The port serves as the gateway to the southern Philippines
and is considered as the best-performing port in Mindanao. A number
of Passenger ship-lines operate to Davao, including WG&A Superferry.
History
• The Port opened on 1900 for the international exportation of
agricultural products in then-Davao Province, mostly from
Davao City. It is opened for the prospectors and entrepreneurs
in the city to export their agricultural produce internationally.
Due to the ever expanding economy of the city, it later became
one of the busiest seaports in the country.
• In World War II, the Port became a landing and anchor zone for
American naval forces participating in the battle for the city.

25. Facilities
• Apart from the government pier and private pier, a number of piers
and wharves exist in the Davao Port region specifically for commercial
use. Vessels awaiting berth availability anchor 450 meters off Sta pier
in 12 fathoms mud. The anchorage is well protected except during
strong southwest monsoon. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign-going
vessels with 100 GRT and over; and for domestic vessels with 75 GRT
and over. Request for pilot should be made 24 hours in advance to
the Davao Pilots' Association.
• Davao City and the Port of Davao has 2 government international
seaports, that of the Sasa International Port and the Sta. Ana Wharf,
and 9 privately owned ports. The City Government is currently in the
process of taking over the management of the seaports to modernize
facilities, such as 3 big modern quayside cranes and to expand
capacity. In addition, the Toril international Fish Port Complex
accommodates small and large-scale fishing activities as well as
provides among others cold-storage facilities.
• Below is a list of major piers and wharves within Davao Port.

26. The Port of Subic
The Port of Subic, Subic, Zambales, Philippines, is
located in the vicinity of Subic Bay, one of the
Philippines' finest harbors and most strategic base. The
Port of Subic is one of the busiest, largest, historical and
most important of the ports in the Philippines.

27. Port of Subic-the former US Navy base and now a major cruise and
transhipment hub.

28. About
• "Subic Port", or the "Port of Subic" or "Subic Bay Port" is one of
the Philippines and South East Asia's Major Seaport's, and also
one of the Philippine's Most Developed and busiest ports. The
Port area is located within the area known as the Subic Bay
Freeport Zone (SBF), which is known simply as Subic Bay. Subic
Bay, the Philippines' first free port, continues to be one of the
country's major economic engines with more than 700
investment projects, including the 4th largest shipbuilding
facility in the world (Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction
(HHIC)). Currently upgrading its port facilities through the Subic
Bay Port Development Project and forging ties with the Clark
Special Economic Zone in Angeles City, Pampanga to form the
Subic-Clark Corridor via the 45-kilometer Subic-Clark Toll Road.

29. The Port is operated and managed by the Subic Bay
Metropolitan Authority or SBMA. It covers the fenced area of the
former U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay located in the southwest of
Luzon Island in the Philippines surrounded by the municipality of
Subic and Olongapo City in Zambales, and Hermosa and Morong
in Bataan in concurrence of their Sangguniang Bayan pursuant to
Section 12 of RA 7227. The harbor is facing the Zambales
Mountain Range in the west and the Subic Bay opening up to the
South China Sea. It is northwest of the Bataan Peninsula and
southwest of the Zambales Province. Subic Bay Freeport is 110
kilometers north of Manila. Manila Bay and the Bataan Peninsula
separate SBF from Manila. The mountain ranges around the Subic
Bay area and the deep natural harbor provide excellent and
protected anchorage. In addition, these features make the Port of
Subic naturally sheltered from typhoons as well as from the
effects of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.

30. • Subic Seaport has a natural harbor of up to 13.7 meters
covering a total area of 41 hectares. It has a total of 12
operational piers and wharves. It presently has three
characteristic container terminals, a fertilizer terminal at the
Boton Wharf, a grains bulk terminal at the Leyte Wharf and a
general containerized cargo terminal (Marine Terminal) at the
Sattler Pier.
• A new container terminal with two berths is now being
constructed through the Subic Bay Port Development Project
(SBPDP). The two new berths has a total capacity of 300,000
TEUs each, enough to accommodate all types of sea vessels-
from small crafts, commercial yachts, ferry boats to container
vessels, cargo ships, oil tankers and aircraft carriers, even the
Panamax and post-Panamax class container vessels